Answer: B
Explanation
● Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-
governmental organization in the field of migration.

● IOM works to ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote
international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions
to the challenges of migration and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need,
including refugees and internally displaced people.
● In 2016, IOM entered into an agreement with the United Nations, becoming a related
organization. (not part of the UN system). Hence option B is correct.
● IOM serves as coordinator of the United Nations network on migration, established by
the Secretary-General in 2018.
● According to IOM’s latest strategic plan, the organization’s three main objectives for 2024-
2028 are: to save lives and protect people on the move, drive solutions to displacement and facilitate pathways for regular migration.

4. The term mercenary is most closely associated with which of the following
characteristics?

Answer: A
Explanation:
What is Net Metering?
● Net metering (also known as net energy metering or NEM) is a solar incentive that allows
you to store energy in the electric grid. When your solar panels produce more electricity
than you need, that energy is sent to the grid in exchange for credits. Then, at night or other
times when your solar panels are under-producing, you pull energy from the grid and use
these credits to offset the costs of that energy.
Advantages of Net Metering:
● The net metering policy makes solar energy more attractive and affordable for users. It not
only brings down the energy cost drastically, but also helps create small power generation
units in almost every nook and corner of the country.
● Another most important advantage of Net Metering is that it helps trim peak load demand during the day and reduces load shedding. Further it helps State DISCOMS reduce their T&C
wheeling losses.
● As solar energy systems are connected to the state’s distribution system, the demand for electricity generated by traditional methods will reduce – thus preserving the environment.

5. With reference to the Securities Appellate Tribunal, consider the following statements
1) It is a statutory body established under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,
1992.
2) It hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Insurance Regulatory
Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
3) There is no appeal against the orders of the Securities Appellate Tribunal.

Answer: C
Explanation
● The distinction between conventional combatants and mercenaries is a fundamental
cornerstone of international humanitarian law (IHL).
○ IHL is a set of rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. It lays out the
responsibilities of states and non-state armed groups during an armed conflict.
● A combatant is typically a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict,
whereas a mercenary is recruited from a third-party state unrelated to the conflict.
● Mercenaries usually engage in hostilities motivated primarily by personal gain as opposed
to virtues of patriotism associated with regular combatants.

Answer: B
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Securities Appellate Tribunal is a statutory body established
under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
● It was mainly established to hear and dispose of appeals against orders passed by SEBI or
by an adjudicating officer under the SEBI Act.
● SAT hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Pension Fund Regulatory
and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the PFRDA Act, 2013.
● Statement 2 is correct: SAT also hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by
the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
● SAT has only one bench which sits at Mumbai.
Composition
● SAT consists one Presiding Officer and such number of Judicial and Technical Members
as the Central Government may determine.
● The person so appointed as the Presiding Officer should meet with the following
requirements:
○ The retired or sitting Judge of the Supreme Court
○ The retired or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court
○ The retired or sitting Judge of High Court, who has completed at least seven years of
service as a Judge in a High Court.

Appeal
● Statement 3 is incorrect: Every person aggrieved by any order or decision of Securities
Appellate Tribunal can file an appeal to the supreme court. Also, the appeal only can be
made on any question of law.

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1. Mons Latreille and Mare Crisium, recently seen in news, are geological features in which of
the following?

Answer: B
Soln:
● A US company has successfully landed its spacecraft on the moon, marking only the second
private mission to achieve the milestone – and the first to do so upright.
● Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 touched down near Mons Latreille, a volcanic
formation in Mare Crisium on the moon’s north-eastern near side. Hence, option B iscorrect.

2. Consider the following statements about Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary.
1. It is located in the state of Kerala.
2. It is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

Answer: D

Exp) Option d is the correct answer.

Hydrogels are water-absorbent, crosslinked polymer networks that can hold large amounts of water. They are used in medical applications, such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. Hydrogels’ biocompatibility, flexibility, and responsiveness to environmental changes make them valuable in biotechnology and soft robotics.

Statement 1 is correct: Hydrogels are widely used in controlled drug delivery systems because they can encapsulate drugs and release them in a controlled manner over time. This application leverages the hydrophilic nature and biocompatibility of hydrogels.

Statement 2 is correct: Hydrogels can be used in mobile air-conditioning systems. They can absorb and release moisture, which can be useful in humidity control, a crucial aspect of air-conditioning.

Statement 3 is correct: Hydrogels can be used in industrial lubricants to improve their properties, such as reducing friction and wear, controlling viscosity, and improving thermal stability.

Answer: A
Soln:
Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary:
● Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, nestled in the southern part of the Western Ghats in
Kerala, is a remarkable haven of biodiversity and natural beauty.
● It is located in the Kollam district and spans an area of approximately 172 square
kilometers and forms part of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.
● The sanctuary's vegetation primarily consists of tropical evergreen forests, semi-evergreen
forests, and moist deciduous forests.
● The name "Shendurney" is derived from the local name of a tree species, Gluta
Travancorica, which is endemic to this region and found in abundance within the
sanctuary.
● Notable mammals include elephants, tigers, leopards, gaurs (Indian bison), sambar deer, barking deer, wild boars, and bonnet macaques.
● The sanctuary also supports a significant population of Nilgiri langurs and lion-tailed
macaques, both of which are endemic to the Western Ghats.

3. A clearing corporation is primarily associated with which of the following?