Answer: A
Explanation
● Rafah is a city that is uniquely positioned along the border between the Gaza Strip and
Egypt. This strategic location makes it a significant point of transit for people and goods
moving between these two regions.
● The Rafah border crossing is the only entry and exit point for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip
that is not controlled by Israel, making it crucial for travel and trade.
Explanation
● Rafah is a city that is uniquely positioned along the border between the Gaza Strip and
Egypt. This strategic location makes it a significant point of transit for people and goods
moving between these two regions.
● The Rafah border crossing is the only entry and exit point for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip
that is not controlled by Israel, making it crucial for travel and trade.
1. With reference to the SATAT initiative, consider the following statements.
1. It aims at boosting production and availability of Compressed BioGas (CBG) as an alternative and affordable clean fuel for the transportation sector.
2. It was launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
1. It aims at boosting production and availability of Compressed BioGas (CBG) as an alternative and affordable clean fuel for the transportation sector.
2. It was launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
33%
A. 1 only
13%
B. 2 only
52%
C. Both 1 and 2
3%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A
Explanation
● Statement 2 is incorrect: SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable
Transportation) initiative was launched by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in
2018 for boosting production and availability of Compressed BioGas (CBG) as an
alternative and affordable clean fuel for the transportation sector. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
About CBG
● Bio-gas is produced naturally through a process of anaerobic decomposition from waste /
bio-mass sources like agriculture residue, cattle dung, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid
waste, sewage treatment plant waste, etc. After purification, it is compressed and called
CBG, which has pure methane content of over 95%.
● Compressed Bio-Gas can be produced from various bio-mass/waste sources, including
agricultural residue, municipal solid waste, sugarcane press mud, distillery spent wash,
cattle dung and sewage treatment plant waste.
● The other waste streams, i.e, rotten potatoes from cold storages, rotten vegetables, dairy plants, chicken/poultry litter, food waste, horticulture waste, forestry residues and treated organic waste from industrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs) can be used to generate
biogas.
Significance
● The initiative has the potential to boost availability of more affordable transport fuels,
better use of agricultural residue, cattle dung and municipal solid waste, as well as to
provide an additional revenue source to farmers.
● This initiative holds great promise for efficient municipal solid waste management and in
tackling the problem of polluted urban air due to farm stubble-burning and carbon emissions.
● Use of CBG will also help bring down dependency on crude oil imports and in realizing the Prime Minister’s vision of enhancing farmers’ income, rural employment and entrepreneurship.
● The scheme envisages setting up of 5000 CBG plants by FY 2023-24.
Explanation
● Statement 2 is incorrect: SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable
Transportation) initiative was launched by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in
2018 for boosting production and availability of Compressed BioGas (CBG) as an
alternative and affordable clean fuel for the transportation sector. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
About CBG
● Bio-gas is produced naturally through a process of anaerobic decomposition from waste /
bio-mass sources like agriculture residue, cattle dung, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid
waste, sewage treatment plant waste, etc. After purification, it is compressed and called
CBG, which has pure methane content of over 95%.
● Compressed Bio-Gas can be produced from various bio-mass/waste sources, including
agricultural residue, municipal solid waste, sugarcane press mud, distillery spent wash,
cattle dung and sewage treatment plant waste.
● The other waste streams, i.e, rotten potatoes from cold storages, rotten vegetables, dairy plants, chicken/poultry litter, food waste, horticulture waste, forestry residues and treated organic waste from industrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs) can be used to generate
biogas.
Significance
● The initiative has the potential to boost availability of more affordable transport fuels,
better use of agricultural residue, cattle dung and municipal solid waste, as well as to
provide an additional revenue source to farmers.
● This initiative holds great promise for efficient municipal solid waste management and in
tackling the problem of polluted urban air due to farm stubble-burning and carbon emissions.
● Use of CBG will also help bring down dependency on crude oil imports and in realizing the Prime Minister’s vision of enhancing farmers’ income, rural employment and entrepreneurship.
● The scheme envisages setting up of 5000 CBG plants by FY 2023-24.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is
3. Net metering; is sometimes seen in the news in the context of promoting the
Answer: B
Explanation
● Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-
governmental organization in the field of migration.
● IOM works to ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote
international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions
to the challenges of migration and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need,
including refugees and internally displaced people.
● In 2016, IOM entered into an agreement with the United Nations, becoming a related
organization. (not part of the UN system). Hence option B is correct.
● IOM serves as coordinator of the United Nations network on migration, established by
the Secretary-General in 2018.
● According to IOM’s latest strategic plan, the organization’s three main objectives for 2024-
2028 are: to save lives and protect people on the move, drive solutions to displacement and facilitate pathways for regular migration.
Explanation
● Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-
governmental organization in the field of migration.
● IOM works to ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote
international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions
to the challenges of migration and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need,
including refugees and internally displaced people.
● In 2016, IOM entered into an agreement with the United Nations, becoming a related
organization. (not part of the UN system). Hence option B is correct.
● IOM serves as coordinator of the United Nations network on migration, established by
the Secretary-General in 2018.
● According to IOM’s latest strategic plan, the organization’s three main objectives for 2024-
2028 are: to save lives and protect people on the move, drive solutions to displacement and facilitate pathways for regular migration.
4. The term mercenary is most closely associated with which of the following
characteristics?
characteristics?
Answer: A
Explanation:
What is Net Metering?
● Net metering (also known as net energy metering or NEM) is a solar incentive that allows
you to store energy in the electric grid. When your solar panels produce more electricity
than you need, that energy is sent to the grid in exchange for credits. Then, at night or other
times when your solar panels are under-producing, you pull energy from the grid and use
these credits to offset the costs of that energy.
Advantages of Net Metering:
● The net metering policy makes solar energy more attractive and affordable for users. It not
only brings down the energy cost drastically, but also helps create small power generation
units in almost every nook and corner of the country.
● Another most important advantage of Net Metering is that it helps trim peak load demand during the day and reduces load shedding. Further it helps State DISCOMS reduce their T&C
wheeling losses.
● As solar energy systems are connected to the state’s distribution system, the demand for electricity generated by traditional methods will reduce – thus preserving the environment.
Explanation:
What is Net Metering?
● Net metering (also known as net energy metering or NEM) is a solar incentive that allows
you to store energy in the electric grid. When your solar panels produce more electricity
than you need, that energy is sent to the grid in exchange for credits. Then, at night or other
times when your solar panels are under-producing, you pull energy from the grid and use
these credits to offset the costs of that energy.
Advantages of Net Metering:
● The net metering policy makes solar energy more attractive and affordable for users. It not
only brings down the energy cost drastically, but also helps create small power generation
units in almost every nook and corner of the country.
● Another most important advantage of Net Metering is that it helps trim peak load demand during the day and reduces load shedding. Further it helps State DISCOMS reduce their T&C
wheeling losses.
● As solar energy systems are connected to the state’s distribution system, the demand for electricity generated by traditional methods will reduce – thus preserving the environment.
5. With reference to the Securities Appellate Tribunal, consider the following statements
1) It is a statutory body established under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,
1992.
2) It hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Insurance Regulatory
Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
3) There is no appeal against the orders of the Securities Appellate Tribunal.
1) It is a statutory body established under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,
1992.
2) It hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Insurance Regulatory
Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
3) There is no appeal against the orders of the Securities Appellate Tribunal.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
A) Only one
56%
B) Only two
20%
C) All three
3%
D) None
Answer: C
Explanation
● The distinction between conventional combatants and mercenaries is a fundamental
cornerstone of international humanitarian law (IHL).
○ IHL is a set of rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. It lays out the
responsibilities of states and non-state armed groups during an armed conflict.
● A combatant is typically a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict,
whereas a mercenary is recruited from a third-party state unrelated to the conflict.
● Mercenaries usually engage in hostilities motivated primarily by personal gain as opposed
to virtues of patriotism associated with regular combatants.
Explanation
● The distinction between conventional combatants and mercenaries is a fundamental
cornerstone of international humanitarian law (IHL).
○ IHL is a set of rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. It lays out the
responsibilities of states and non-state armed groups during an armed conflict.
● A combatant is typically a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict,
whereas a mercenary is recruited from a third-party state unrelated to the conflict.
● Mercenaries usually engage in hostilities motivated primarily by personal gain as opposed
to virtues of patriotism associated with regular combatants.
Answer: B
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Securities Appellate Tribunal is a statutory body established
under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
● It was mainly established to hear and dispose of appeals against orders passed by SEBI or
by an adjudicating officer under the SEBI Act.
● SAT hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Pension Fund Regulatory
and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the PFRDA Act, 2013.
● Statement 2 is correct: SAT also hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by
the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
● SAT has only one bench which sits at Mumbai.
Composition
● SAT consists one Presiding Officer and such number of Judicial and Technical Members
as the Central Government may determine.
● The person so appointed as the Presiding Officer should meet with the following
requirements:
○ The retired or sitting Judge of the Supreme Court
○ The retired or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court
○ The retired or sitting Judge of High Court, who has completed at least seven years of
service as a Judge in a High Court.
Appeal
● Statement 3 is incorrect: Every person aggrieved by any order or decision of Securities
Appellate Tribunal can file an appeal to the supreme court. Also, the appeal only can be
made on any question of law.
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Securities Appellate Tribunal is a statutory body established
under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
● It was mainly established to hear and dispose of appeals against orders passed by SEBI or
by an adjudicating officer under the SEBI Act.
● SAT hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Pension Fund Regulatory
and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the PFRDA Act, 2013.
● Statement 2 is correct: SAT also hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by
the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
● SAT has only one bench which sits at Mumbai.
Composition
● SAT consists one Presiding Officer and such number of Judicial and Technical Members
as the Central Government may determine.
● The person so appointed as the Presiding Officer should meet with the following
requirements:
○ The retired or sitting Judge of the Supreme Court
○ The retired or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court
○ The retired or sitting Judge of High Court, who has completed at least seven years of
service as a Judge in a High Court.
Appeal
● Statement 3 is incorrect: Every person aggrieved by any order or decision of Securities
Appellate Tribunal can file an appeal to the supreme court. Also, the appeal only can be
made on any question of law.
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Dive deep into the world of UPSC preparation with our PYQs Answer Series!
Master the art of answering Previous Year Questions with expert guidance and detailed explanations.
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New Initiative by Officers IAS Academy!
Dive deep into the world of UPSC preparation with our PYQs Answer Series!
Master the art of answering Previous Year Questions with expert guidance and detailed explanations.
Drop your answers in the comments, and let's learn together!
#OfficersIASAcademy #UPSCPreparation #PYQsAnswerSeries #LearnWithUs
Dive deep into the world of UPSC preparation with our PYQs Answer Series!
Master the art of answering Previous Year Questions with expert guidance and detailed explanations.
Drop your answers in the comments, and let's learn together!
#OfficersIASAcademy #UPSCPreparation #PYQsAnswerSeries #LearnWithUs
1. Mons Latreille and Mare Crisium, recently seen in news, are geological features in which of
the following?
the following?