Answer: A
Explanation
● 'Khuntkatti' system is joint ownership or holding of land by tribal lineage, followed in the
Choto Nagpur region. Hence, answer is option A.
● The Great Tumult led to the enactment of the Tenancy Act (1903) which recognised the
khuntkhatti system. Though the movement itself was suppressed by the British.
About Birsa Munda
● Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a religious leader and folk hero from the Munda Tribe of
the Chhota Nagpur Plateau area.
● He spearheaded a tribal religious movement named Munda Rebellion/Ulgulan/ Great
Tumult that arose in the tribal belt of modern-day Bihar and Jharkhand in the late 19th
century, as a response to the oppressive policies of the British such as new land settlement
Explanation
● 'Khuntkatti' system is joint ownership or holding of land by tribal lineage, followed in the
Choto Nagpur region. Hence, answer is option A.
● The Great Tumult led to the enactment of the Tenancy Act (1903) which recognised the
khuntkhatti system. Though the movement itself was suppressed by the British.
About Birsa Munda
● Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a religious leader and folk hero from the Munda Tribe of
the Chhota Nagpur Plateau area.
● He spearheaded a tribal religious movement named Munda Rebellion/Ulgulan/ Great
Tumult that arose in the tribal belt of modern-day Bihar and Jharkhand in the late 19th
century, as a response to the oppressive policies of the British such as new land settlement
2. Consider the following statements about Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan Yojna
1) The Scheme is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme.
2) All Farmers are eligible under the scheme.
1) The Scheme is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme.
2) All Farmers are eligible under the scheme.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
54%
A. 1 only
12%
B. 2 only
29%
C. Both 1 and 2
5%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan Yojna
● Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan Yojna (PMKMY) Scheme launched in 2019 aims to
provide social security net for the Small and Marginal Farmers (SMF) by way of
pension. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● The Scheme is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme, where a minimum fixed
pension of Rs.3,000/-per month will be provided to the eligible small and marginal
farmers, subject to certain exclusion clauses, on attaining the age of 60 years. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan Yojna
● Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan Yojna (PMKMY) Scheme launched in 2019 aims to
provide social security net for the Small and Marginal Farmers (SMF) by way of
pension. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● The Scheme is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme, where a minimum fixed
pension of Rs.3,000/-per month will be provided to the eligible small and marginal
farmers, subject to certain exclusion clauses, on attaining the age of 60 years. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A. 1 only
80%
B. 1 and 3 only
7%
C. 2 only
7%
D. 2 and 3 only
3. Consider the following statements about Particulate matter (PM) 2.5.
1) These particles can reduce visibility.
2) These particles can be detected with naked eyes.
3) These particles can cause asthma.
1) These particles can reduce visibility.
2) These particles can be detected with naked eyes.
3) These particles can cause asthma.
Answer: B
Explanation
Impact of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5)
● Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is an atmospheric particulate matter of diameter smaller than
2.5 micrometers.
● It causes respiratory problems and reduces visibility. The particles can only be detected
with the help of an electron microscope because they are so small. Hence, statement 1 is
correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
● Due to their size, the PM 2.5 particles can easily bypass the nose and throat and can
easily enter the circulatory system. The particles can also lead to chronic diseases such
as asthma, heart attack, bronchitis and other respiratory problems. Hence, statement 3 is
correct.
Explanation
Impact of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5)
● Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is an atmospheric particulate matter of diameter smaller than
2.5 micrometers.
● It causes respiratory problems and reduces visibility. The particles can only be detected
with the help of an electron microscope because they are so small. Hence, statement 1 is
correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
● Due to their size, the PM 2.5 particles can easily bypass the nose and throat and can
easily enter the circulatory system. The particles can also lead to chronic diseases such
as asthma, heart attack, bronchitis and other respiratory problems. Hence, statement 3 is
correct.
4. Consider the following statements about Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).
1) It is an instrument being used by the European Union.
2) The mechanism will encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries.
3) The mechanism increases the export competitiveness of Indian products.
1) It is an instrument being used by the European Union.
2) The mechanism will encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries.
3) The mechanism increases the export competitiveness of Indian products.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are incorrect?
Anonymous Quiz
26%
A. 1 only
44%
B. 3 only
19%
C. 2 and 3 only
10%
D. None
5. Consider the following statements about Article 22 of the Indian Constitution.
1) The arrested person has a right to be informed of the reason for arrest.
2) The arrested person must be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of 24
hours.
3) The arrested person is be defended by a legal practitioner
1) The arrested person has a right to be informed of the reason for arrest.
2) The arrested person must be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of 24
hours.
3) The arrested person is be defended by a legal practitioner
Answer: B
Explanation
About Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
● Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is the European Union's tool to put a fair price on
the carbon emitted during the production of carbon intensive goods that are entering
the European Union (EU), and to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU
countries. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
● Currently, the CBAM applies to iron and steel, cement, fertilizers, aluminum, electricity,
and hydrogen. The scope may expand to include more products in the future.
● CBAM allows industries in Europe to remain competitive while continuing to maintain
high environmental standards and prevents carbon leakage.
Challenges faced by developing countries due to CBAM
● Although CABM contributes to a reduction in global emissions, it hurts the export
competitiveness of developing countries such as China and India. Hence, statement 3
is incorrect.
● It is argued that CBAM overlooks the “differentiation” embedded in the global climate
architecture that allows developing countries to be treated differently than the
developed nations.
● CBAM could provide a competitive edge to developed countries with similar emissions
standards to the EU, as their products would be exempt from the carbon tax. This could
be disadvantageous to industries in developing countries due to less stricter
regulations in emissions.
Why in News ?
● Developing countries like India and China have highlighted that Trade restrictions on
grounds of promoting climate objectives, such as CABM could result in greater
protectionism and disruptions in global supply chains.
Explanation
About Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
● Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is the European Union's tool to put a fair price on
the carbon emitted during the production of carbon intensive goods that are entering
the European Union (EU), and to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU
countries. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
● Currently, the CBAM applies to iron and steel, cement, fertilizers, aluminum, electricity,
and hydrogen. The scope may expand to include more products in the future.
● CBAM allows industries in Europe to remain competitive while continuing to maintain
high environmental standards and prevents carbon leakage.
Challenges faced by developing countries due to CBAM
● Although CABM contributes to a reduction in global emissions, it hurts the export
competitiveness of developing countries such as China and India. Hence, statement 3
is incorrect.
● It is argued that CBAM overlooks the “differentiation” embedded in the global climate
architecture that allows developing countries to be treated differently than the
developed nations.
● CBAM could provide a competitive edge to developed countries with similar emissions
standards to the EU, as their products would be exempt from the carbon tax. This could
be disadvantageous to industries in developing countries due to less stricter
regulations in emissions.
Why in News ?
● Developing countries like India and China have highlighted that Trade restrictions on
grounds of promoting climate objectives, such as CABM could result in greater
protectionism and disruptions in global supply chains.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A. 1 and 2 only
10%
B. 1 and 3 only
8%
C. 2 and 3 only
71%
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
● The Constitution of India under Article 22 provides for the protection of the arrested person to the extent that he has a right to be informed of the reason for arrest. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● And he must be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of 24 hours. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● Article 22 (1) also provides that he shall be entitled to consult and to be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Explanation:
● The Constitution of India under Article 22 provides for the protection of the arrested person to the extent that he has a right to be informed of the reason for arrest. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● And he must be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of 24 hours. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● Article 22 (1) also provides that he shall be entitled to consult and to be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
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2. Consider the following impacts
1) Solar flares
2) Coronal Mass ejections
3) Disruption in Radio communication
4) Affect electricity grids
5) Affect satellite electronics
1) Solar flares
2) Coronal Mass ejections
3) Disruption in Radio communication
4) Affect electricity grids
5) Affect satellite electronics
How many of the above impacts can be caused by the Solar cycle?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A. Only two
11%
B. Only three
12%
C. Only four
72%
D. All five
Answer: D
Impacts of Solar Cycle
● Giant eruptions on the Sun, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs),
increase during the solar cycle. These eruptions send powerful bursts of energy and
material into space. Hence, impacts 1 ans 2 are correct.
● This activity can have effects on Earth. For example, eruptions can cause aurora, or
impact radio communications. Extreme eruptions can even affect electricity grids on
Earth. Hence, impacts 3 ans 4 are correct.
● Solar activity can affect satellite electronics and limit their lifetime. Hence, impact 5 is
correct
Impacts of Solar Cycle
● Giant eruptions on the Sun, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs),
increase during the solar cycle. These eruptions send powerful bursts of energy and
material into space. Hence, impacts 1 ans 2 are correct.
● This activity can have effects on Earth. For example, eruptions can cause aurora, or
impact radio communications. Extreme eruptions can even affect electricity grids on
Earth. Hence, impacts 3 ans 4 are correct.
● Solar activity can affect satellite electronics and limit their lifetime. Hence, impact 5 is
correct
3. Consider the following statements about the Indian fisheries sector.
1) Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund provides funding for the
creation of infrastructure only in inland fisheries.
2) National Policy on Marine Fisheries has sustainability as its core principle.
1) Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund provides funding for the
creation of infrastructure only in inland fisheries.
2) National Policy on Marine Fisheries has sustainability as its core principle.
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A. 1 only
66%
B. 2 only
27%
C. Both 1 and 2
2%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: B
Explanation
Government Initiatives and Schemes to Promote Sustainable Fisheries
Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF):
● FIDF was introduced in 2018-19 to provide funding for the creation of infrastructure in
both marine and inland fisheries. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● FIDF loans can cover up to 80% of the project cost, with interest subvention of up to
3%.
● This financial support is essential for fish farmers, entrepreneurs, and cooperatives looking
to improve the infrastructure required to scale up production.
National Policy on Marine Fisheries (NPMF, 2017):
● The Government of India has introduced the NPMF, which places a strong emphasis on
sustainability as the core principle for all marine fisheries actions. Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
● This policy guides the conservation and management of India’s marine fishery resources.
Blue Revolution Integrated Development and Management Fisheries Scheme or Blue
Revolution Scheme:
● Launched in FY 2015-16, the scheme primarily focused on increasing fish production and
productivity.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY):
● Launched in 2020, it is a flagship initiative aimed at transforming India’s fisheries sector.
● The scheme focuses on enhancing aquaculture productivity, improving fisheries
management, and creating 55 lakh new jobs in the sector, along with big infrastructural
changes of establishing five integrated aqua parks.
● It also envisages doubling fisheries exports to 1 lakh crores.
Indian fisheries sector
● As the 3rd largest fish producer, 2nd largest aquaculture nation in the world after
China and the largest producer of shrimp, India contributes significantly to both
domestic food security and the global seafood market.
● The Indian fisheries sector not only supports the livelihoods of around 30 million people,
especially in coastal and rural communities, but it also holds immense potential for growth,
job creation, and rural development.
● In recent years, Indian fisheries have experienced a significant shift, moving from a
marine-dominated sector to a greater focus on inland fisheries.
● Recognized as a "sunrise sector,; it is poised to make a significant contribution to the
Indian economy in the near future, driven by its vast potential for growth and development.
● Initially dominated by marine fish production, the sector has seen a significant shift
towards inland fisheries, which now contributes around 70% of the country’s total fish
production.
Explanation
Government Initiatives and Schemes to Promote Sustainable Fisheries
Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF):
● FIDF was introduced in 2018-19 to provide funding for the creation of infrastructure in
both marine and inland fisheries. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● FIDF loans can cover up to 80% of the project cost, with interest subvention of up to
3%.
● This financial support is essential for fish farmers, entrepreneurs, and cooperatives looking
to improve the infrastructure required to scale up production.
National Policy on Marine Fisheries (NPMF, 2017):
● The Government of India has introduced the NPMF, which places a strong emphasis on
sustainability as the core principle for all marine fisheries actions. Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
● This policy guides the conservation and management of India’s marine fishery resources.
Blue Revolution Integrated Development and Management Fisheries Scheme or Blue
Revolution Scheme:
● Launched in FY 2015-16, the scheme primarily focused on increasing fish production and
productivity.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY):
● Launched in 2020, it is a flagship initiative aimed at transforming India’s fisheries sector.
● The scheme focuses on enhancing aquaculture productivity, improving fisheries
management, and creating 55 lakh new jobs in the sector, along with big infrastructural
changes of establishing five integrated aqua parks.
● It also envisages doubling fisheries exports to 1 lakh crores.
Indian fisheries sector
● As the 3rd largest fish producer, 2nd largest aquaculture nation in the world after
China and the largest producer of shrimp, India contributes significantly to both
domestic food security and the global seafood market.
● The Indian fisheries sector not only supports the livelihoods of around 30 million people,
especially in coastal and rural communities, but it also holds immense potential for growth,
job creation, and rural development.
● In recent years, Indian fisheries have experienced a significant shift, moving from a
marine-dominated sector to a greater focus on inland fisheries.
● Recognized as a "sunrise sector,; it is poised to make a significant contribution to the
Indian economy in the near future, driven by its vast potential for growth and development.
● Initially dominated by marine fish production, the sector has seen a significant shift
towards inland fisheries, which now contributes around 70% of the country’s total fish
production.