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Both moth scales and manufactured sound absorbers consist of parallel fibres with air trapped between them. Sound waves enter these air pockets and bounce around, causing the air molecules to vibrate and dissipate energy rather than bouncing back to the source.

Thanks to this acoustic camouflage, a bat must be 9โ€“18% closer to moths to detect them than it would if the moths were smooth.
Stealth flyers: mothsโ€™ fuzz is superior acoustic camouflage : Research Highlights
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00521-7