Submersible pumps go all the way to the bottom of the well. They have a set of wires that go all the way to the bottom to supply them with power. Look carefully and you realize that the motor is on the very bottom so it can be cooled by water flowing past it. These pumps should not run dry because they will overheat, so you should put a float switch in the well a few feet above the pump. Some pumps like Grundfoss have this switch built in.
In most places this is the most common type of pump. They can be two wire or three wire. The three wire models require a small electronics box up top with a capacitor in it. The reason for this is so you can service the capacitor without pulling the pump.
*two wire means two wires and a grounding wire. Three wire means three wires and a grounding wire.
In most places this is the most common type of pump. They can be two wire or three wire. The three wire models require a small electronics box up top with a capacitor in it. The reason for this is so you can service the capacitor without pulling the pump.
*two wire means two wires and a grounding wire. Three wire means three wires and a grounding wire.
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For the past two days we have talked about hand pumps. Today we'll talk about electric pumps. Electric pumps are called "shallow well", "jet pumps" and "submersible" pumps.
If the water table is not lower than 15ft, you can use a shallow well pump to suck water out of the well.
A jet pump cheats this a little by pumping water down the well case in a 2nd pipe, doing a u-turn at the bottom and using the momentum of water to suck additional water out of the well. This is not very efficient!
If the water table is not lower than 15ft, you can use a shallow well pump to suck water out of the well.
A jet pump cheats this a little by pumping water down the well case in a 2nd pipe, doing a u-turn at the bottom and using the momentum of water to suck additional water out of the well. This is not very efficient!
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The original versions of this system didn't use bladders but they did have a way to make sure that enough air stayed in the tank! Remember a few days ago we talked about freeze proofing with a weep hole? When the pump shuts off, the well leaks down a little and we get air into the piping. When the pump runs again, that air gets pushed into the tank along with the water from well. There is a valve inside the tank about half way up called "air volume control valve" that makes sure the tank stays half full of air and lets out any excess air.
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Now that we have water out of the well, we need to send it to the house! But we don't want the pump to turn on every time we turn on a faucet do we? That would wear out the pump. What we want is for the pump to build up pressure in a storage tank and turn on every few hours as needed. Since water does not compress, we need some sort of tank with air on top and water in the bottom.
If we just put water into a tank and allow it to touch the air in the tank, the water will absorb the air and eventually the tank won't have air in it. So we often use a rubber bladder to hold the water.
If we just put water into a tank and allow it to touch the air in the tank, the water will absorb the air and eventually the tank won't have air in it. So we often use a rubber bladder to hold the water.
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Today is a math day. Let's say you want to lay out a house and need to make sure the corners are perfect 90degree "right angles". You can do this by calculating what the diagonal distance is between two opposite corners.
Lets say your house is absurdly small at 3ft x 4ft. What is the diagonal distance? let's work through it.... first let's square 3... 3²= 9. And lets square 4... 4²=16. 9+16=25. Now we need to take the square root of 25 to get the diagonal distance. Since we should know that 5x5 is 25, we know the square root of 25 is 5. So the diagonal line should be 25ft long. This is called a 3-4-5 triangle.
This works for larger triangles as long as they are multiples of 3-4-5... for example, 6-8-10 or 9-12-15 or even 300-400-500.
Lets say your house is absurdly small at 3ft x 4ft. What is the diagonal distance? let's work through it.... first let's square 3... 3²= 9. And lets square 4... 4²=16. 9+16=25. Now we need to take the square root of 25 to get the diagonal distance. Since we should know that 5x5 is 25, we know the square root of 25 is 5. So the diagonal line should be 25ft long. This is called a 3-4-5 triangle.
This works for larger triangles as long as they are multiples of 3-4-5... for example, 6-8-10 or 9-12-15 or even 300-400-500.
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Yesterday we learned about how to calculate the diagonal distance between two walls in a house. We had to use something called squares and square root. Squares are easy, you just multiply a number by itself. Square roots are a little more difficult. There is a process that is similar to long division that Issac Newton developed.
First, let's do an approximation of square root to one decimal point. Then we'll get into the nitty gritty of how to do it for any number.
Believe it or not, but this is exactly how your calculator does square roots inside itself.
First, let's do an approximation of square root to one decimal point. Then we'll get into the nitty gritty of how to do it for any number.
Believe it or not, but this is exactly how your calculator does square roots inside itself.
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