Off The Grid Kid
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Splinter group of Off The Grid Official for kids.
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How tractors connect to plows and mowers.

The first tractors simply connected using a drawbar that is similar to a pintle hitch or a ball hitch. In the 1920's a man named Furguson came up with a 3 point link system that made sure the tractor couldn't do a wheelie if the plow got stuck and it also had two lifting arms to raise and lower the plow or mower.

Old tractor's 3 point hitch height might float down over an extended time and it was common to connect chain to the hitch so the plow coulnd't get too low. Modern tractors have a hydraulic valve that measures the height and keeps the hitch height as set by a lever near your right hip.
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Look carefully at this 6 spline PTO coupler. It has a notch in the center. The purpose of this notch is to allow a small pin on the drive shaft to lock on so the drive shaft won't slip off. This pin is usually spring loaded and you push it to one side with your thumb when connecting the shaft.

The PTO shafts are now required to be covered with sleeve that does not rotate. It is very important that we do not remove this sleeve. Many men have been injured or killed when a sleeve got caught on an unguarded PTO shaft.
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How fast should a PTO shaft turn? It is usually directly coupled to the engine, so every tractor has a tachometer to tell you the speed of the engine. And every tachometer has a mark on it to indicate when the PTO will turn 540RPM. This is really important when running things like mowers because if the blades don't move fast enough it won't cut grass.
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Yesterday we discussed the three point hitch and how we attach things to the tractor. Today we discuss how we power the things we pull behind the tractor. These things might include mowers or augers.

The first tractors used an exposed flywheel with a a flat belt. Later the industry standardized on a PTO shaft. PTO is Power Take Off.
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improved design... home depot it yourself...

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Yes, Ladybugs Are Pollination Agents!

Like many other pollinator insects, pollen sticks to them as they are looking for food on plants and then transfers to other flowers. Ladybugs main reasons for being on flowers is looking to eat bugs and some nectar, but Pollination is a wonderful gift & effect of their efforts. This is the reason why Ladybugs are considered very beneficial insects for our yards and earth.

How LOVELY Indeed!

Planting any of these plants below will invariably attract the LOVELY Ladybug.

Here is a small list of plants and flowers Ladybugs pollinate.
โ€ข Cilantro
โ€ข Dill
โ€ข Feverfew
โ€ข Gardenias
โ€ข Honeydew
โ€ข Juniper
โ€ข Marigolds
โ€ข Orchids
โ€ข Peas
โ€ข Roses
โ€ข Sunflowers
โ€ข Tomatoes
โ€ข Yarrow
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Cold Iron

Rudyard Kipling

Gold is for the mistress โ€” silver for the maid โ€”
Copper for the craftsman cunning at his trade.
"Good!" said the Baron, sitting in his hall,
"But Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” is master of them all."

So he made rebellion 'gainst the King his liege,
Camped before his citadel and summoned it to siege.
"Nay!" said the cannoneer on the castle wall,
"But Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” shall be master of you all!"

Woe for the Baron and his knights so strong,
When the cruel cannon-balls laid 'em all along;
He was taken prisoner, he was cast in thrall,
And Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” was master of it all!

Yet his King spake kindly (ah, how kind a Lord!)
"What if I release thee now and give thee back thy sword?"
"Nay!" said the Baron, "mock not at my fall,
For Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” is master of men all."

Tears are for the craven, prayers are for the clown โ€”
Halters for the silly neck that cannot keep a crown.
"As my loss is grievous, so my hope is small,
For Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” must be master of men all!"

Yet his King made answer (few such Kings there be!)
"Here is Bread and here is Wine โ€” sit and sup with me.
Eat and drink in Mary's Name, the whiles I do recall
How Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” can be master of men all!"

He took the Wine and blessed it. He blessed and brake the Bread,
With His own Hands He served Them, and presently He said:
"See! These Hands they pierced with nails, outside My city wall,
Show Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” to be master of men all."

"Wounds are for the desperate, blows are for the strong.
Balm and oil for weary hearts all cut and bruised with wrong.
I forgive thy treason โ€” I redeem thy fall โ€”
For Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” must be master of men all!"

Crowns are for the valiant โ€” sceptres for the bold!
Thrones and powers for mighty men who dare to take and hold.
"Nay!" said the Baron, kneeling in his hall,
"But Iron โ€” Cold Iron โ€” is master of men all!
Iron out of Calvary is master of men all!"
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Do you know that when water freezes, the ice expands? This can cause metal to crack and that's bad if that metal is your water pump! Old pitcher pumps have a feature where when you are done pumping water, if you pull up all the way on the handle they will open all the check valves and allow the water to drain back into the well. Now it won't crack when it gets below freezing!
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Modern hand pumps like Simple Pump or Bison tell us to drill a small 1/8" 3mm hole in the water riser pipe that will allow water to slowly drain back into the well a few feet deep. This works because on these pumps, the working cylinder is all the way at the bottom of the well pushing water up from the bottom. Yes a tiny amount of water leaks out when you pump but it is worth it because it prevents freezing.
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If your water level is lower than 15-20ft, you have to use a deep well pump. These pumps put the check valves down at the bottom of the well and water is pushed upward. There is usually a rod that runs down inside the water pipe that is used to push and pull that pump cylinder at the bottom of the well. Note that you can push water any distance but you can only suck water 15 ft vertical.

Also, look for the weep hole in this diagram above. Remember yesterday we talked about freezing? Now you know why there is a weep hole!
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There are two different types of hand pumps... deep and shallow. Shallow well pumps suck water from the well. They can only suck water that is up to 15ft deep or so. If the water is deeper than that, you can't suck hard enough to lift it. So all the working parts are in the top of the well. Most of us are familiar with an old "pitcher pump".
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I've noticed a bug in telegram's scheduling.... It often delivers teh first message late. For example, the 7:03 am message was scheduled for 7:00.... instead the 2nd message got published first, then 3 minutes late, the first messsage. Sorry for the confusion this may cause.
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Here is a jet pump foot valve.