Correct Answer -C
CO2
co, iS the gas used to create pneumoperitoneum during
laparoscopy.
Other option is - N20 : But it is expensive, less soluble in blood
and supports combustion.
Also know:
. Instrument used for creating pneumoperitoneum is veress needle
Flow Rate of CO, for creating pneumoperitoneum 200 - 2000 ml/min
& pressure between 15 - 25 mm of Hg.

d) Squamous epitheliu

Correct Answer -A
Answer- A. Inhibin A
Basal FSH and Estradiol concentration
Clomiphene Citrate Challenge Test
Inhibin B
Antimullerian hormone
Antral follicle count
Ovarian volume

Correct Answer - B
Answer-B. Torsion
Torsion is the most common complication occurring in Dermoid cyst.
Because of the fat content of the cyst, it is lighter than other ovarian
tumors and therefore easily torsioned. Almost 15% of dermoid cysts
undergo torsion.

Correct Answer -C
Answer- C. Elective caesarean section
As this patient is more than 37 weeks gestation, active interference
is mandatory.
But as this patient is not actively bleeding therefore elective
caesarean section can be planned

Capacitation is a period of conditioning
(adaptation of sperm in the female reproductive
tract), which lasts approximately 7 hours.


Fertilization involves two steps:


1) Capacitation


• It is the functional maturation of the
spermatozoa.
◦ Capacitation occurs in the uterine tube and
involves epithelial interactions between the
sperm and the mucosal surface of the tube.
◦ During capacitation, the glycoprotein coat
and seminal plasma proteins are removed.
◦ Only capacitated sperms can pass through
the corona cells and undergo the acrosomal
reaction.


2) Acrosomal reaction


• Occurs after binding to zona pellucida
induced by zona proteins
◦ This includes the release of enzymes
required to penetrate the zona pellucida
• Ca2+ plays an important role


Phases can be divided as follows:


•


Phase 1: Penetration of the corona


•


Phase 2: Penetration of the zona pellucrda
Phase 3: Fusion of the oocyte and sperm cell
membranes

Langhans cells are seen in Cytotrophoblast


The cells of the blastocyst differentiate into an
outer trophectoderm and an inner cell mass.


The trophectoderm is further differentiated into
an inner mononuclear cellular layer called
cytotrophoblast or Langhans layer or Langhans
cells and an outer layer of multinucleated
syncytium called syncytiotrophoblast.

Identify the mark structure A.

The structure marked is primary oocyte


• Primary oocyte are the germ cells in the
medullary region of the ovary which enlarge
at the beginning of the growth phase until
• puberty.
During this cell growth period, many oocytes
undergo degeneration, both before and after
birth. A single layer of flattened follicular
cells that were derived originally from the
germinal epithelium soon surrounds the
primary oocytes. These structures are now
called primordial follicles and are seen first in
the medulla and later in the cortex.