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🔘Indian Polity & Constitution🔘

➨58th Amendment to the Constitution of India provided for an authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi language. It gave the same legal sanctity to the Hindi version of the Constitution.

➨According to the 91st Amendment Act of 2003 the provision of the 10th Schedule (anti-defection law) pertaining to exemption from disqualification in case of split by one-third members of legislature party has been deleted. Accordingly the defectors have no more protection on grounds of splits.

➨96th Amendment Act of 2011 substituted “Odia” for “Oriya”. As a result of that, the “Oriya” language in the Eighth Schedule shall be pronounced as “Odia”

➨Parliamentary Forum on Millennium Development Goals was created in year 2013. At present, there are eight Parliamentary forums such as Parliamentary Forum on Water Conservation and Management (2005), Parliamentary Forum on Youth (2006), Parliamentary Forum on Children (2006) etc.

➨According to the Article 124(7) of the Constitution of India, no person who has held office as a judge of the Supreme Court of India shall plead or act in any court or before any authority within the territory of India.

➨Judicial review has been declared by the Supreme Court as one of the elements of the basic structure of the Constitution, therefore, it cannot be curtailed even through a constitutional amendment. Both Supreme Court and High Court have the power of judicial review. And using judicial review, legislative enactments and executive orders of both the Central and State governments can be examined.

➨Article 312 of the Constitution authorises the Parliament to create new All-India Services on the basis of a Rajya Sabha resolution to that effect. The Centre and the states jointly control these services. However the ultimate control lies with the Central government but the immediate control vests with the state governments.

➨According to the Constitution of India a proclamation declaring financial emergency in India must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.

➨‘Judicial dynamism’ refers to judicial activism which is the opposite of ‘judicial restraint’. Judicial restraint means the self-control to be exercised by the judiciary. Judicial activism, on the other hand, means the proactive role played by the judiciary to protect the rights of the citizens.

➨Judicial restraint means that the judges should play a limited role of saying what the law is, leaving the job of lawmaking for legislators and the executives. Moreover, judges must not allow their personal political values to influence their judicial opinions.

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