National Initiative for School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement

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National Council for Teacher Education

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Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan

Early October
October 1: International Day of Older Persons, International Coffee Day, World Vegetarian Day
October 2: Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence, Dussehra, Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti
October 4: World Animal Day
October 5: World Teachers' Day
October 7: Maharshi Valmiki Jayanti
Mid-October
October 10: World Mental Health Day
October 11: International Day of the Girl Child
October 13: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction
October 14: World Standards Day
October 15: Global Handwashing Day, World Students' Day
October 16: World Food Day
October 19: National Kentucky Day
October 21: Diwali
Late October
October 24: United Nations Day
October 28: International Animation Day
October 30: World Thrift Day (observed in India)
October 31: Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day), Halloween

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What is the Article 51 right to education?
The insertion of clause(s) of article 51A in the constitution of India merely made it a fundamental duty for the parent or guardian to provide educational opportunities to his child between the ages of six to fourteen.

The Right to Education (RTE) Act, enacted in 2009, is a fundamental right in India that ensures free and compulsory education for all children between 6 and 14 years of age. It mandates that all government and private schools must provide free education and requires private schools to reserve 25% of their seats for children from disadvantaged groups, with the government reimbursing them. The Act also establishes minimum standards for elementary schools, prohibits unrecognized schools, and prevents capitation fees or interviews for admission.

Parametric tests are more powerful but require assumptions like normal data distribution, while nonparametric tests are distribution-free, making them suitable for data that doesn't meet parametric criteria. The choice depends on the data's characteristics: parametric tests are used for interval/ratio data that fits a specific distribution, whereas nonparametric tests work with ordinal or nominal data, small sample sizes, or data with outliers.

The current Repo Rate is 5.50%, the Reverse Repo Rate is 3.35%, the Bank Rate is 5.75%, and the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is 4.00%. These are key tools used by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to manage money supply, control inflation, and regulate the economy. The repo rate is the interest on loans the RBI gives to banks, while the reverse repo rate is the interest the RBI pays on deposits it receives from banks.

Repo Rate
Definition: The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks for short periods, typically against government securities.
Purpose: Used to manage liquidity; a lower rate encourages borrowing, while a higher rate discourcles it.
Current Rate: 5.50%

Reverse Repo Rate
Definition: The rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks.
Purpose: Used to manage liquidity by absorbing excess money from the system; a higher rate encourages banks to lend to the central bank.
Current Rate: 3.35%

Bank Rate
Definition: The rate at which the RBI lends to commercial banks without any collateral. It is often set equal to the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate.
Purpose: A benchmark for other interest rates and used for penalty provisions.
Current Rate: 5.75%

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
Definition: The percentage of a bank's total deposits that it must keep in cash with the RBI.
Purpose: A key tool for controlling inflation and liquidity; a higher CRR reduces the money available for banks to lend, while a lower CRR increases it.
Current Rate: 4.00%

As of the October 2025 Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, the key rates set by the Reserve Bank of India are:
Repo Rate: 5.50%
Reverse Repo Rate: 3.35%
Bank Rate: 5.75%
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): 3.00%

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