1391: pogroms began in Seville, Spain, with about 4,000 casualties.
This pattern of violence continued through over 70 other cities and towns within three months, as city after city followed the example set in Seville and jews faced either conversion and baptism or death, their homes were attacked.
The Archdeacon of Ecija, a town east of Seville, Ferrand Martinez, preached against jews and was a well-respected and prominent member of the Catholic church, but in his preaching, Martinez would use political anti-Judaism to aid him as he harshly criticized jews and would stir the people up against them.
The death toll would end up at about 50,000.
Pictured is the pogrom in Barcelona.

1190:  As crusaders prepared to leave on the Third Crusade, clergy, barons and others joined together against jews of the York. Josce, the leader of the jews in York, asked the warden of York Castle to receive them with their wives and children, and they were accepted into Clifford's Tower. However, the tower was besieged by the mob of crusaders, demanding that the jews convert to Christianity and be baptized. Trapped in the castle, the jews were advised by their religious leader, Rabbi Yomtov of Joigney, to kill themselves rather than convert. The father of each family killed his wife and children, before Yomtov and Josce set fire to the wooden keep, killing themselves. The handful of jews who did not kill themselves died in the fire. Around 150 people are thought to have been killed in the incident.

1160: Hamza ibn Asad abu Ya’la ibn al-Qalanisi, an Arab politician and chronicler passed away in Damascus. His writings provide one of the few contemporary accounts of the First Crusade from the Moslem point of view including a description of the sacking of Jerusalem. The jews had fought alongside the Muslims to defend the city.  At the end, according Ibn al-Qalnisi, “The jews assembled in their synagogue, and the Crusaders burned it over their heads.

1190: Crusaders killed 750 jews in Bury St Edmonds Suffolk, England.
During the rule of Abbot Hugh (1173–80) the monastery fell deeply into debt to a group of Norwich jews. His successor, Abbot Samson, set about freeing it from its debts. In 1181 the jews were accused of ritual murder and on Palm Sunday 1190, some jews were killed in a massacre. Shortly afterward, Samson procured a royal writ to expel the survivors.

1191: In Bray, France after the execution of a Christian who had unlawfully killed a jew, news spread that the jews had crucified the murderer in order to mock the death of Jesus. The king of France, Philip Augustus, dispatched an armed force to the town, and ordered the entire jewish community be burned at the stake. 

1227: Election of Pope Gregory IX who is a prominent opponent of Judaism during his life, condemning it as containing every kind of vileness and blasphemy.
In the 1234 Decretals, he invested the doctrine of perpetua servitus iudaeorum – perpetual servitude of the jews – with the force of canonical law. According to this, jews would have to remain in a condition of political servitude and abject humiliation until Judgment Day. The doctrine then found its way into the doctrine of servitus camerae imperialis, or servitude immediately subject to the Emperor's authority, promulgated by Frederick II.
The second-class status of jews thereby established would last until well into the 19th century with the rise of liberalism.

1369: King Pedro (Peter the Cruel) of Castile was beheaded by his rival and brother, Henry of Trastamara marking the end of their civil war for control of the kingdom. Henry was as hostile to the jews as Pedro had been friendly. His hatred of his brother burst forth when a jew named Jacob, an intimate of Pedro, praised the latter excessively to Henry. In his fury he stabbed the jew with a dagger. 
During their struggle for control, Henry continuously depicted Peter as “King of the jews". Henry of Trastámara instigated pogroms,
beginning a period of anti-jew riots and forced conversions in Castile that lasted approximately from 1370 to 1390. He ordered jews to wear the humiliating badge, and forbade them to use Christian names. He further ordered that for short loans Christian debtors should repay only two-thirds of the principal. Shortly before his death, Henry declared that jews should no longer hold public office.
Henry was the first anti-jew ruler the Iberian Peninsula since the King Ergica in 701.

1475: Trent (Italy) was the scene of one of the more notorious ritual murders. A Franciscan monk, Bernardinus of Feltre, had recently arrived and began preaching Lent sermons against the jews. A week before Easter a boy by the name of Simon drowned in the river Adige. The monk charged the jews with using his body for its blood. The body washed up a few days later near the house of a jew who brought it to Bishop Honderbach. Seventeen jews were tortured for over two weeks. Some confessed while being tortured and 6 jews were burnt. Two more were strangled. A temporary hiatus was called by Pope Sixtus IV, but after five years the trial was reopened and 5 more jews were executed. The papal inquest agreed with the trial, Simon was beatified, and all jews were expelled for 300 years.

Whence the Gospel says: "Two women shall be grinding at the mill; one shall be taken and the other left" (Matthew xxiv.42). The Holy Church shall be taken up into eternal rest: she who has ground the food of holiness unto the Lord. The Synagogue, stained with blood, shall be left at the mill, to endure its own unfaithfulness forever.

~ St. Maximus of Turin

1267: King Louis IX, after having burned, at the request of Pope Gregory, 24 cartloads of jewish books and ordered them to wear a jew’s badge, now made plans to confiscate their property and expel the jews.

The Stigmatization Of
St. Francis

~Peter Paul Rubens 1616

@ImperivmRenaissance

Francis right for once

Had a discussion with someone about Mary supposedly being co-redemptrix yesterday so I thought I’d post my thoughts on here too:

You cannot hold this position without saying that although the Apostles merely played a role in distributing the graces of redemption, in helping the work of redemption flourish, and so forth, had nothing to do with the act itself. This also goes for the Apostolic Fathers and Church Fathers in general. Whilst they did not have anything to do with the formal, specific act of redemption itself like Mary, they helped in that sense, and Mary in the sense that she played a crucial role in the mission of redemption and the events leading up to the redemption. In order to be consistent you have to put Mary in the left column before Christ or being in Union with Christ in the act itself, or put her on the right with the Apostles and Fathers.

The Mother of God played a stronger role than the Apostles, of course. I do not deny that. However, she is not to be put on the left side with Christ or instead of Christ. Since Christ alone is the redeemer. The Council of Trent and the Council of Florence are very clear on this. Hence why the title of Mary being the New Eve is actually sufficient, unlike co-redemptrix since it’s a giant loophole in which you have to either: A, address these things, or B, keep arguing in circles and ignoring them.

You can’t can’t give her—not the apostles— that title and ignore the fact that she had nothing to do with the act of redemption itself. The title would cease to be necessary or accurate in any sense, it’s self-contradictory. You can’t argue it without ignoring this. So it just ends up becoming loopy and circular. Redeemer is a word which is synonymous with saviour, Mary had nothing to do with the actual act of Christ redeeming the entire human species. And this title implies that she did help with that, when in reality she only played a crucial role in the events prior; the mission. Not in the ACT. You can’t give her this title and say she didn’t help act in union with Christ to redeem, the title would cease to be itself, so would Mary. She was a helper, as were the apostles. Not a co-‘redeemer.’

It’s exactly like how Eve played a crucial role in the events leading up to the fall, but had nothing to do with the actual act of Adam bringing physical death, suffering, concupiscence, and the absence of sanctifying Grace in infants into the world. Hence the need for Infant Baptism. Romans 5:12 states very clearly that it was directly because of Adam that sin entered into the world, not Eve.