🔬Predisposing Factors🤦‍♂
🤧Antecedent influenza or measles infection🦵
🥴Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
❤️Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Alcoholism
🩸🦠Asplenia predisposes to septicemia🩸🦠
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Pathogenesis
🕳Polysaccharide capsule is the major virulence factor
🕳IgA protease
🕳Teichoic acid
🩹Pneumolysin O: hemolysin/
cytolysin: damages respiratory epithelium inhibits
leukocyte respiratory burst and inhibits classical complement fixation
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السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته
الاعضاء الكرام كلا باسمه وصفته
راح اضح حالتين للنقاش والتصويت والاجابه وقت عودتي اليكم مده غير محدوده قد تزيد عن يومين او تكون يومين

الحــــــــــــــالة الاولى
A 30-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with complaints of vaginal itching
and a frothy, yellow discharge. She also complains of painful urination. She admits to
being sexually active with several men in the past two weeks. Cultures are negative
for bacterial growth, but organisms are visible via a wet prep on low power. The most likely causal agent is
118.

(A) Candida albicans
(B) Trichophyton rubrum
(C) Chlamydia trachomatis
(D) Trichomonas vaginalis
(E) Giardia lamblia

الحـــــــــ الثانية ـــــــــالة
Four weeks after his arrival from Egypt, a 24-year-old graduate student presents with
blood in his urine. Microscopic examination of his urine reveals the presence of eggs with terminal spines. In the interview he admits that he has been working on his
family’s rice field occasionally since his early childhood. The most likely etiologic
agent of his complaint is
(A) Entamoeba histolytica
(B) Fasciolopsis buski
(C) Schistosoma haematobium
(D) Schistosoma japonicum
(E) Schistosoma mansoni

🔝Answer: D. The clues are frothy yellow discharge, itching, organisms identified on wet mount, bacterial cultures were negative
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Answer Q2: C. The clues are Egypt
blood in urine eggs with terminal spines working in rice field (indicates his possible exposure to contaminated water)
Also be aware that in Africa S.haematobium is associated with bladder cancer Entamoeba histolytica
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Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook
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📘Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook.pdf
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🔝Horse fly
Genus chrysops
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🔝Female of horse fly
Due to presence septa "dichoptic "we note the compound eye position near to the top of head capaule
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🔝Horse fly
Genus chrysops
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🔝Horse fly
Genus Tabanus
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🔝Larva of horse fly
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Larva of horse fly
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🔝antenna and wing structure of Tabanus
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🔝Wing of Tabanus
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🔝Pupa of horse fly
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✺Bacillus anthracis

➢Gram (+) rods with spores
➢non-hemolytic
➢Catalase (+)
✸Anthrax
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