🔮What are PANDAS?
Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) infections can cause several immune-mediated diseases.
@LabMed2016

➢Rheumatic fever (RF), primarily a childhood disease, is a classic example of a complication resulting from a GABHS infection.

➢RF is an inflammatory disease of the heart, joints, and central nervous system that occurs two to three weeks after a GABHS infection. Antibodies that formed against the GABHS organisms cross-react with normal human tissues, causing heart valve damage, inflamed joints and neurological disorders.

➢Sydenham's Chorea, characterized by uncontrolled movements of the face, hands, and feet is a common neurological disorder seen in rheumatic fever caused by the cross reactivity of antibodies with brain tissue.

➢These movements are strikingly similar to motor tics, and many patients also display phonic tics, OCD, and ADHD. This observation, along with reports of sudden-onset tics and psychiatric disorders following an outbreak of GABHS in Rhode Island in the early 1990's, lead to a new diagnostic subcategory of Tourette's syndrome called PANDAs.
@LabMed2016
➢Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, or PANDAs, display episodic symptoms of Tourette's syndrome following streptococcal infections. There is often a recovery period as the GABHS antibodies reduce to normal.

➢Helping the brain recover with nutrients may reduce vulnerability to further damage by the strep antibodies.
@LabMed2016

🔮Antibody Reactivity: -
➢During a streptococcal infection, the immune system elicits the production of antibodies.

➢These antibodies attach to the streptococcus cell wall, identifying the organism as foreign.
➢ This organism is then destroyed. Antibodies attach to the cell wall by recognizing a certain molecule that is on the surface of the streptococcus organism. In some cases, these antibodies also react with molecules found on neuronal cells of the basal ganglia.

➢ When antibodies target normal human tissue cells for destruction, they are called autoantibodies.
@LabMed2016

PANDAS are thought to be caused by autoantibodies targeting the basal ganglia, an area of the brain associated with movement and behavior.

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🔮 Streptococcal Antibodies Panel: -
▫Test: -Streptococcal DNase B
▪Range in UnitsAnti- < 200.00 (U/mL)

▫Test :- Anti- Streptolysin O
▪Range in UnitsAnti- < 200.00 (IU/mL) 

💢Specimen Requirements:-
1 mL of serum in a gold-topped SST or royal blue-topped no additive tube.

🆔 @MicroMLS

✺Streptococcus spp.
✧colonies: alpha hemolytic (right), beta hemolytic (left), and non hemolytic (below)

🆔 @MicroMLS

A butterfly, a beautiful photo on Agar 😍 .

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Great drawing on Agar .

@MicroMLS

ما تشاهده في الصورة 🔝ليس مزهرية 💐🌷🌻 ،او صورة لبستان اخذت من الاعلى ،لكنها عبارة عن مستعمرات نامية من مسحات اخذت من التربة ،

فا المستعمرات ذات اللون الاخضر الفاتح هي Aspergillus flavus

بينما الازرق المخضر هي فطر الpenicillium ،

بينما المستعمرات الورديه والحمراء هي خمائر وبكتيريا yeast/bacteria
والطبق المزرع عليه MDRB agar .

✅ للانضمام لنا:👇
🔻✨🔻✨🔻✨🔻✨🔻
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Klebsiella on Endo agar (also called Endo's medium) .

┏━━━📚━━━┓
☞ @MicroMLS ☜
┗━━━🔬━━━┛

Essential Microbiology, Second Edition - Hogg, Stuart

Microbiology. A Human Perspective (6th ed.)

Prescott’s Principles of MICROBIOLOGY

Manual of Clinical Microbiology - 11th Edition (2 Volume set) (2015)

Microbiology & Immunology by Promila Parihar

Microbiology - A Systems Approach 5e

~لعشــــــــ الميكروبيولوحي ــــــــــــــــاق~

🔝تعلمنا الفن بالـ بالطبق البكتيري والفطري والجمال بعد التزريع
🔝مع جمال الكون وجمال الفن الذي لم تشاهد عيناك سابقا
🔝تعال معنا وشاهد اجمل مناضر الفن المخبري البكتيرولوجي
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