أطباء من جامعة بنسلفانيا قامو بحقن طفلة مريضة بسرطان الدم بفيروس الإيدز ليقضي الفيروس على السرطان... شوفو النتيجة!!!

داوها بالتي كانت هي الداء

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6SzI2ZfPd4
@trqziz

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─━B A T E R I A L C U L T U R E ─━

⏺ Ear / Eye / Skin / Wound

🔴 Negative: no growth of pathogens.

🔵 Speciment: Sterile fluid or swab from affected area placed in transport media tube provided by laboratory.
─━ @MicroMLS ─━

⚫️ Method: Culture aerobic and/or anaerobic on selected media; DNA probe assays are available for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAD-9_z56fB6h3kDmTA

⏺ Throat (Nasal Pharyngeal)
culture

🔴Negative: No growth of pathogens.

🔵Speciment: Throat or nasal pharyngeal swab.

Contamination with oral flora may invalidate results.

Specimen collection after antibiotic therapy has been initiated may result in inhibited or nongrowth of organisms.

⚫Method: Aerobic culture.

No growth. The routine throat culture is a commonly ordered test to screen or the presence of Group A
β-hemolytic Streptococci.

S. pyogenes is the organism that most commonly causes acute pharyngitis.

The more dangerous sequelae of scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, and glomerulonephritis are less frequently seen because of the early treatment of infection at the pharyngitis stage.

💢There are a number of other bacterial agents responsible for pharyngitis.

Specific cultures can be set up to detect other pathogens such as Bordetella, Corynebacteria, Haemophilus, or Neisseria if they are suspected or by special request from the health care practitioner.
─━ @MicroMLS ─━
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a sexually transmitted pathogen. In children, a positive throat culture for Neisseria usually indicates sexual abuse.

💢The laboratory will initiate antibiotic sensitivity testing if indicated by test results. Sensitivity testing identifies the antibiotics to which the organisms are susceptible to ensure an effective treatment plan.

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⏹Routine culture of sputum

🔴The presence of normal upper respiratory flora should be expected

🔵Speciment: Sputum (10 to 15 mL)
─━ @MicroMLS ━─
⚫Method: Aerobic culture on selective and enriched media; microscopic examination of sputum by Gram stain.) Tracheal aspirates and bronchoscopy samples can be contaminated with normal flora, but transtracheal aspiration specimens should show no growth.

💢 Normal respiratory flora include Neisseria catarrhalis, Candida albicans, diphtheroids, α-hemolytic Streptococcus, and some staphylococci. The presence of normal flora does not rule out infection.

💢 A normal Gram stain of sputum contains polymorphonuclear leukocytes, alveolar macrophages, and a few squamous epithelial cells.

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⏺ Blood Culture

🔴Negative: no growth of pathogens.

🔵Speciment: Whole blood collected in bottles containing standard aerobic and anaerobic culture media; 10 to 20 mL for adult patients or 1 to 5 mL for pediatric patients.
─━ @MicroMLS ━─

⚫Method: Growth of organisms in standard culture media identified by radiometric or infrared automation, or by manual reading of subculture.

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⏺ Urine culture

🔴Negative: No growth of pathogens.

🔵Speciment: Urine (5 mL) collected in a sterile plastic collection container.

⚫Method: Culture on selective and enriched media.

No growth. Positive findings in UTIs.

Commonly detected organisms are those normally found in the genitourinary tract, including enterococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas.
─━ @MicroMLS ━─
A culture showing multiple organisms indicates a contaminated specimen.

💢Colony counts of 100,000/mL or more indicate urinary tract infection (UTI). Colony counts of 1000/mL or less suggest contamination resulting from poor collection technique.
─━ @MicroMLS ━─
💢Colony counts between 1000 and 10,000/mL may be significant depending on a variety of factors including patient’s age, gender, number of types of organisms present, method of specimen collection, and presence of antibiotics.

https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAD-9_z56fB6h3kDmTA

⏺Syphilis Serology

Nonreactive or absence of treponemal organisms.

🔴Speciment: Serum (1 mL) collected in a red- or tiger-top tube.

⚫Method: Darkfield microscopy, rapid plasma reagin, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microhemagglutination, fluorescence.
─━ @MicroMLS ━─
💢There are numerous methods for detecting Treponema pallidum, the organism known to cause syphilis.

Syphilis serology is routinely ordered as part of a prenatal workup and is required for evaluating donated blood units before release for transfusion. Selection of the proper testing method is important.
─━ @MicroMLS ━─
Automated reagin testing (ART), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing should be used for screening purposes.

💢Fluorescent treponemal antibody testing (FTAABS) and microhemagglutination- Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP) are confirmatory methods for samples that screen positive or reactive.
─━ @MicroMLS ━─
💢Cerebrospinal fluid should be tested only by the FTA-ABS method. Cord blood should not be submitted for testing by any of the aforementioned methods; instead, the mother's serum should be tested to establish whether the infant should be treated.

https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAD-9_z56fB6h3kDmTA
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📋الكوليسترول المنخفض يساعد في مكافحة الامراض المعدية مثل التيفويد والاصابة بالفيروسات ،
لان هذه الميكروبات تستخدم الكوليسترول في الدخول للخلايا .
https://telegram.me/joinchat/Cfk6YTvWj9IjjybM4eFBjA

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@MicroMLS ☜
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Levinson'Review of Medical Microbiology
الطبعة 13
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@MicroMLS ☜
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Gram negative diplococci; coffee bean shape; oxidase positive, catalase positive......... Neisseria
@MicroMLS

Leishmania Promastigotes .

@MicroMLS

🔝Acanthamoeba .

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🔝Acanthamoebae cysts (Gram stain / culture)
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Nematodes, also known as Roundworms, are a very common phyla of animals of which there are many parasitic forms.

https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAD-9_z56fB6h3kDmTA

Levinson'Review of Medical Microbiology
الطبعة 13
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@MicroMLS ☜
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🎐Strept. Antibodies Profile

💢Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.

🎐Streptococcus Antibodies Profile: -
This profile screens for the two most common antibodies against streptococcus:
➢DNase antibodies in serum (ADB)
➢Antistreptolysin O titer (ASO)

@MicroMLS

💢These antibodies may cross-react with brain tissue causing abnormal behaviors.
Both of these tests are performed to identify a previous infection of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

These infections cause rheumatic fever or a kidney disease called glomerulonephritis, poststreptococcal versions of these diseases, as well as scarlet fever.
@LabMed2016
Recently, high titers of these antibodies have been associated with PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infections) and with autism, Tourette syndrome, tic disorder, and OCD.

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🔮What are PANDAS?
Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) infections can cause several immune-mediated diseases.
@LabMed2016

➢Rheumatic fever (RF), primarily a childhood disease, is a classic example of a complication resulting from a GABHS infection.

➢RF is an inflammatory disease of the heart, joints, and central nervous system that occurs two to three weeks after a GABHS infection. Antibodies that formed against the GABHS organisms cross-react with normal human tissues, causing heart valve damage, inflamed joints and neurological disorders.

➢Sydenham's Chorea, characterized by uncontrolled movements of the face, hands, and feet is a common neurological disorder seen in rheumatic fever caused by the cross reactivity of antibodies with brain tissue.

➢These movements are strikingly similar to motor tics, and many patients also display phonic tics, OCD, and ADHD. This observation, along with reports of sudden-onset tics and psychiatric disorders following an outbreak of GABHS in Rhode Island in the early 1990's, lead to a new diagnostic subcategory of Tourette's syndrome called PANDAs.
@LabMed2016
➢Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, or PANDAs, display episodic symptoms of Tourette's syndrome following streptococcal infections. There is often a recovery period as the GABHS antibodies reduce to normal.

➢Helping the brain recover with nutrients may reduce vulnerability to further damage by the strep antibodies.
@LabMed2016

🔮Antibody Reactivity: -
➢During a streptococcal infection, the immune system elicits the production of antibodies.

➢These antibodies attach to the streptococcus cell wall, identifying the organism as foreign.
➢ This organism is then destroyed. Antibodies attach to the cell wall by recognizing a certain molecule that is on the surface of the streptococcus organism. In some cases, these antibodies also react with molecules found on neuronal cells of the basal ganglia.

➢ When antibodies target normal human tissue cells for destruction, they are called autoantibodies.
@LabMed2016

PANDAS are thought to be caused by autoantibodies targeting the basal ganglia, an area of the brain associated with movement and behavior.

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🔮 Streptococcal Antibodies Panel: -
▫Test: -Streptococcal DNase B
▪Range in UnitsAnti- < 200.00 (U/mL)

▫Test :- Anti- Streptolysin O
▪Range in UnitsAnti- < 200.00 (IU/mL) 

💢Specimen Requirements:-
1 mL of serum in a gold-topped SST or royal blue-topped no additive tube.

🆔 @MicroMLS