السؤال الجاي مزعج
بس يثبت افكار مهمة
بقوا 5 اسئلة ونثبت اهم الافكار بالendocrine حتى نعبر على غير سيستم
بس يثبت افكار مهمة
بقوا 5 اسئلة ونثبت اهم الافكار بالendocrine حتى نعبر على غير سيستم
❤4
📌 Case 6: باطنية - أهم أفكار الغدد الصماء
👦 حالة سريرية:
A 11-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and nausea for the past 5 hours. Over the past 2 weeks, he has experienced excessive thirst, a 4-kg weight loss, and increased urination, including three episodes of bedwetting despite being fully toilet-trained.
🔎 Examination Findings:
✅ Lethargic and dehydrated
✅ Deep, labored (Kussmaul) breathing
✅ Pulse: 128/min, Respirations: 30/min, Blood pressure: 95/55 mmHg
🧪 Lab & Imaging Results:
🔹 Na+ = 133 mEq/L
🔹 K+ = 5.9 mEq/L
🔹 HCO3- = 13 mEq/L (Metabolic acidosis)
🔹 Urine dipstick: Positive for ketones and glucose
شرح السؤال
👦 حالة سريرية:
A 11-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and nausea for the past 5 hours. Over the past 2 weeks, he has experienced excessive thirst, a 4-kg weight loss, and increased urination, including three episodes of bedwetting despite being fully toilet-trained.
🔎 Examination Findings:
✅ Lethargic and dehydrated
✅ Deep, labored (Kussmaul) breathing
✅ Pulse: 128/min, Respirations: 30/min, Blood pressure: 95/55 mmHg
🧪 Lab & Imaging Results:
🔹 Na+ = 133 mEq/L
🔹 K+ = 5.9 mEq/L
🔹 HCO3- = 13 mEq/L (Metabolic acidosis)
🔹 Urine dipstick: Positive for ketones and glucose
شرح السؤال
Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following findings?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Increased arterial pCO2
24%
Decreased total body potassium
41%
Serum glucose concentration of 650 mg/dL
6%
Increased arterial blood pH
0%
Hypervolemia
6%
Increased total body sodium
📌 Case 7: باطنية - أهم أفكار الغدد الصماء
👩⚕️ حالة سريرية:
A 62-year-old woman presents for a routine check-up. She has hypertension and a history of smoking (½ pack/day for 18 years) and heavy alcohol use (4–5 glasses of wine/day). Her father died of an MI at age 50.
🔎 On examination: BMI 18 kg/m², soft S4 gallop, otherwise unremarkable.
🩺 Previous screenings: Normal mammogram (1 year ago), Pap smear & colonoscopy (2 years ago).
💉 Vaccination: Influenza (6 months ago)
شرح السؤال
👩⚕️ حالة سريرية:
A 62-year-old woman presents for a routine check-up. She has hypertension and a history of smoking (½ pack/day for 18 years) and heavy alcohol use (4–5 glasses of wine/day). Her father died of an MI at age 50.
🔎 On examination: BMI 18 kg/m², soft S4 gallop, otherwise unremarkable.
🩺 Previous screenings: Normal mammogram (1 year ago), Pap smear & colonoscopy (2 years ago).
💉 Vaccination: Influenza (6 months ago)
شرح السؤال
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Colonoscopy
36%
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
0%
Pap smear
0%
CT scan of the chest
50%
Transesophageal echocardiography
📌 Case 8: باطنية - أهم أفكار الغدد الصماء
👩⚕️ حالة سريرية:
A 67-year-old man presents for an annual health maintenance visit. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He follows a high-fiber diet, quit smoking 15 years ago (32 pack-year history), and does not drink alcohol.
💊 العلاجات:
(Metformin, Lisinopril, Atorvastatin & Tamsulosin)
🔎 On examination:
BMI: 27 kg/m²
BP: 128/77 mmHg
Extremities: Decreased vibration sensation
Ophthalmologic: Microaneurysms on fundoscopic exam
🧪 Lab results:
HbA1c: 6.8%
Serum glucose: 128 mg/dL
Creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio: 350 mg/g (N < 30)
شرح السؤال
👩⚕️ حالة سريرية:
A 67-year-old man presents for an annual health maintenance visit. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He follows a high-fiber diet, quit smoking 15 years ago (32 pack-year history), and does not drink alcohol.
💊 العلاجات:
(Metformin, Lisinopril, Atorvastatin & Tamsulosin)
🔎 On examination:
BMI: 27 kg/m²
BP: 128/77 mmHg
Extremities: Decreased vibration sensation
Ophthalmologic: Microaneurysms on fundoscopic exam
🧪 Lab results:
HbA1c: 6.8%
Serum glucose: 128 mg/dL
Creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio: 350 mg/g (N < 30)
شرح السؤال
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
Losartan therapy
8%
Amlodipine therapy
33%
Canagliflozin therapy
33%
No change in management is indicated at this time
25%
Basal insulin therapy
📌 Case 9: باطنية - أهم أفكار الغدد الصماء
👩⚕️ حالة سريرية:
A 32-year-old primigravid woman at 15 weeks' gestation presents with a painless neck swelling noticed 2 weeks ago. She has had occasional nausea and decreased appetite but otherwise feels well. Her medical history includes recurrent cystitis.
🔎 Physical Examination:
1.5-cm firm, nodular mass on the left side of the neck
No skin changes or cervical lymphadenopathy
Normal cardiopulmonary examination
Uterine fundus palpable midway between the symphysis and umbilicus
🧪 Laboratory Results:
TSH = 3.0 μU/mL (Normal)
Free T4 = 1.1 ng/dL (Normal)
Ultrasound: 1.6-cm solid mass in the left thyroid lobe with mixed echogenicity
👩⚕️ حالة سريرية:
A 32-year-old primigravid woman at 15 weeks' gestation presents with a painless neck swelling noticed 2 weeks ago. She has had occasional nausea and decreased appetite but otherwise feels well. Her medical history includes recurrent cystitis.
🔎 Physical Examination:
1.5-cm firm, nodular mass on the left side of the neck
No skin changes or cervical lymphadenopathy
Normal cardiopulmonary examination
Uterine fundus palpable midway between the symphysis and umbilicus
🧪 Laboratory Results:
TSH = 3.0 μU/mL (Normal)
Free T4 = 1.1 ng/dL (Normal)
Ultrasound: 1.6-cm solid mass in the left thyroid lobe with mixed echogenicity
What is the most appropriate next step in management ❓
Anonymous Quiz
21%
Observation and follow-up after delivery
50%
Fine-needle aspiration
7%
Serum calcitonin
0%
Thyroid scintigraphy
21%
Serum thyroglobulin concentration
📌 Case 10: باطنية - أهم أفكار الغدد الصماء
حالة سريرية:
A 28-year-old male surgical resident presents with a 2-month history of intermittent double vision, hand tremor, insomnia, frequent bowel movements, and unintentional 7-kg (15-lb) weight loss despite increased appetite.
On examination, he has moist palms, a fine tremor with arm extension, lid retraction, proptosis, restricted eye convergence, and hyperactive reflexes.
Laboratory tests reveal low TSH (0.03 μU/mL) and high T4 (19 μg/dL), with positive TSH receptor antibodies. Thyroid scan shows diffusely increased iodine uptake.
He has been started on propranolol for symptom relief.
حالة سريرية:
A 28-year-old male surgical resident presents with a 2-month history of intermittent double vision, hand tremor, insomnia, frequent bowel movements, and unintentional 7-kg (15-lb) weight loss despite increased appetite.
On examination, he has moist palms, a fine tremor with arm extension, lid retraction, proptosis, restricted eye convergence, and hyperactive reflexes.
Laboratory tests reveal low TSH (0.03 μU/mL) and high T4 (19 μg/dL), with positive TSH receptor antibodies. Thyroid scan shows diffusely increased iodine uptake.
He has been started on propranolol for symptom relief.
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in treatment?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Thyroid lobectomy
17%
Near-total thyroidectomy
33%
Oral Methimazole therapy
25%
Radioactive iodine ablation
0%
Tocilizumab therapy
📌 Case 11: باطنية - أهم أفكار الغدد الصماء
حالة سريرية:
A 64-year-old woman presents with a 4-week history of increased urinary frequency, nocturia, excessive thirst (drinking 5–6L/day), bone aches, nausea, and fatigue.
She has a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and major depressive disorder. Her current medications include lisinopril, escitalopram, and metformin. She drinks one beer per night.
On examination, her vital signs are within normal limits, but she has dry mucous membranes.
Lab Findings:
Na⁺ ↑ (151 mEq/L) - Ca²⁺ ↑ (13 mg/dL) - PTH ↑ (130 pg/mL)
Plasma osmolality ↑ (306 mOsm/kg)
Urine osmolality ↓ (255 mOsm/kg)
After water deprivation
Plasma osmolality (309 mOsm/kg)
Urine osmolality (256 mOsm/kg)
One hour after desmopressin administration, plasma osmolality is 305 mOsmol/kg H2O and urine osmolality is 259 mOsmol/kg H2O.
حالة سريرية:
A 64-year-old woman presents with a 4-week history of increased urinary frequency, nocturia, excessive thirst (drinking 5–6L/day), bone aches, nausea, and fatigue.
She has a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and major depressive disorder. Her current medications include lisinopril, escitalopram, and metformin. She drinks one beer per night.
On examination, her vital signs are within normal limits, but she has dry mucous membranes.
Lab Findings:
Na⁺ ↑ (151 mEq/L) - Ca²⁺ ↑ (13 mg/dL) - PTH ↑ (130 pg/mL)
Plasma osmolality ↑ (306 mOsm/kg)
Urine osmolality ↓ (255 mOsm/kg)
After water deprivation
Plasma osmolality (309 mOsm/kg)
Urine osmolality (256 mOsm/kg)
One hour after desmopressin administration, plasma osmolality is 305 mOsmol/kg H2O and urine osmolality is 259 mOsmol/kg H2O.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's increased urinary frequency?
Anonymous Quiz
30%
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
0%
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
30%
Primary Polydipsia
20%
Central diabetes insipidus
20%
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
🦋 Endocrine - MCQ Cases
🔹 Case 1: Palpitations + Tremor + Exophthalmos
🔹 Case 2: Diabetes + Chronic Kidney Disease
🔹 Case 3: Neck Swelling + Sweating + Headache
🔹 Case 4: Cushing شون تشخص الـ
🔹 Case 5: صداع + اضطراب بالدورة
🔹 Case 6: طفل 11 سنة + عطش + تبول مفرط
🔹 Case 7: HTN + Smoking + Alcohol + Low BMI
🔹 Case 8: Diabetes + Neuropathy + Nephropathy
🔹 Case 9: كتلة درقية خلال الحمل
🔹 Case 10: رعشة + جحوظ + فقدان وزن غير مقصود
🔹 Case 11: عطش شديد + Hypercalcemia + High PTH
🔹 Case 1: Palpitations + Tremor + Exophthalmos
🔹 Case 2: Diabetes + Chronic Kidney Disease
🔹 Case 3: Neck Swelling + Sweating + Headache
🔹 Case 4: Cushing شون تشخص الـ
🔹 Case 5: صداع + اضطراب بالدورة
🔹 Case 6: طفل 11 سنة + عطش + تبول مفرط
🔹 Case 7: HTN + Smoking + Alcohol + Low BMI
🔹 Case 8: Diabetes + Neuropathy + Nephropathy
🔹 Case 9: كتلة درقية خلال الحمل
🔹 Case 10: رعشة + جحوظ + فقدان وزن غير مقصود
🔹 Case 11: عطش شديد + Hypercalcemia + High PTH
راح اكمل كيسات تنفسيه ان شاء الله
بالنسبه للاندوكراين ممكن اضيف بالمستقبل لكن هذوله اهم الافكار تقريبا
بالنسبه لليوتيوب تقريبا انا مكمل اندو بقى ثلاث مواضيع جاهزة انشرهم بعدين
اي سؤال مو واضح اكتبو بالتعليقات مال السؤال احتى اخلي الشرح
واتمنى تشاركون الاسئله
بالنسبه للاندوكراين ممكن اضيف بالمستقبل لكن هذوله اهم الافكار تقريبا
بالنسبه لليوتيوب تقريبا انا مكمل اندو بقى ثلاث مواضيع جاهزة انشرهم بعدين
اي سؤال مو واضح اكتبو بالتعليقات مال السؤال احتى اخلي الشرح
واتمنى تشاركون الاسئله
❤5
Case 2: باطنية - أهم أفكار التنفسية
حالة سريرية:
A 67-year-old woman is brought in by her husband due to:
🔹 Memory loss & confusion (فقدان ذاكرة وارتباك) - 1 month
🔹 Mild left leg weakness (ضعف بسيط في الساق اليسرى)
التاريخ الطبي:
✔️ Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia (on enalapril & atorvastatin)
✔️ Smoker 🚬 (2 packs/day for 40 years)
Exam Findings:
📌 Vitals: BP 135/85 mmHg, Pulse 75/min, Temp 37°C
📌 Neurological:
Disoriented (only to person)
Poor recall (2/3 objects immediately, none after 5 mins)
Facial weakness 😶 (ماتقدر ترفع حاجبها او تبتسم)
Left leg weakness
MRI Findings | نتائج الرنين:
🛑T2-weighted MRI scan of the head shows several hyperintense round lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes at the border of the gray and white matter.
شرح الجواب
حالة سريرية:
A 67-year-old woman is brought in by her husband due to:
🔹 Memory loss & confusion (فقدان ذاكرة وارتباك) - 1 month
🔹 Mild left leg weakness (ضعف بسيط في الساق اليسرى)
التاريخ الطبي:
✔️ Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia (on enalapril & atorvastatin)
✔️ Smoker 🚬 (2 packs/day for 40 years)
Exam Findings:
📌 Vitals: BP 135/85 mmHg, Pulse 75/min, Temp 37°C
📌 Neurological:
Disoriented (only to person)
Poor recall (2/3 objects immediately, none after 5 mins)
Facial weakness 😶 (ماتقدر ترفع حاجبها او تبتسم)
Left leg weakness
MRI Findings | نتائج الرنين:
🛑T2-weighted MRI scan of the head shows several hyperintense round lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes at the border of the gray and white matter.
شرح الجواب
❤1
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
Melanoma
8%
Colorectal cancer
42%
Lung Cancer
17%
Meningioma
27%
Multiple sclerosis
Case 3: باطنية - أهم أفكار التنفسية
حالة سريرية:
👨⚕️ Patient: 30-year-old man
📌 يشتكي من :
Tingling & numbness in legs (10 days)
Fatigue
Dry, scaly lips + cracks at mouth corners
📜 Medical History:
Pulmonary TB (on anti-TB meds for 3 months)
📊 Findings:
Pale appearance
Neuro exam: Normal strength, ↓ sensation in lower limbs, reflexes normal
Labs:
Hb: 10.4 g/dL (قليل)
MCV: 76 μm³ (microcytic anemia)
شرح الحل
حالة سريرية:
👨⚕️ Patient: 30-year-old man
📌 يشتكي من :
Tingling & numbness in legs (10 days)
Fatigue
Dry, scaly lips + cracks at mouth corners
📜 Medical History:
Pulmonary TB (on anti-TB meds for 3 months)
📊 Findings:
Pale appearance
Neuro exam: Normal strength, ↓ sensation in lower limbs, reflexes normal
Labs:
Hb: 10.4 g/dL (قليل)
MCV: 76 μm³ (microcytic anemia)
شرح الحل
شنو العلاج الي كان ممكن يمنع الاعراض الي عند هل مريض
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Iron
6%
Intravenous immunoglobulins
34%
Pyridoxine
13%
Folic acid
2%
Vitamin E
29%
Vitamin B12
❤2🤔1
Case 4: باطنية - أهم أفكار التنفسية
حالة سريرية:
A 40-year-old man👨⚕️presents with progressive shortness of breath over 2 years. History of smoking (10 cigarettes/day for 10 years), quit 8 years ago.
🔍 Exam Findings:
- Barrel-shaped chest 🫁
- Diminished breath sounds 🩺
Chest X-ray 🩻: Hyperinflation (flattened diaphragm, widened intercostal spaces, bilateral basilar hyperlucency)
حالة سريرية:
A 40-year-old man👨⚕️presents with progressive shortness of breath over 2 years. History of smoking (10 cigarettes/day for 10 years), quit 8 years ago.
🔍 Exam Findings:
- Barrel-shaped chest 🫁
- Diminished breath sounds 🩺
Chest X-ray 🩻: Hyperinflation (flattened diaphragm, widened intercostal spaces, bilateral basilar hyperlucency)