#Apathy in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal #dementia predicts cognitive decline and is driven by structural brain changes
https://2medical.news/2020/12/17/apathy-in-presymptomatic-genetic-frontotemporal-dementia-predicts-cognitive-decline-and-is-driven-by-structural-brain-changes/
Apathy adversely affects prognosis and survival of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We test whether apathy develops in presymptomatic genetic FTD, and is associated with cognitive decline and brain atrophy.. ..Results Apathy severity increased over time in presymptomatic carriers, but not in non‐carriers. In presymptomatic carriers, baseline apathy predicted cognitive decline over two years, but not vice versa. Apathy progression was associated with baseline low …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/17/apathy-in-presymptomatic-genetic-frontotemporal-dementia-predicts-cognitive-decline-and-is-driven-by-structural-brain-changes/
Apathy adversely affects prognosis and survival of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We test whether apathy develops in presymptomatic genetic FTD, and is associated with cognitive decline and brain atrophy.. ..Results Apathy severity increased over time in presymptomatic carriers, but not in non‐carriers. In presymptomatic carriers, baseline apathy predicted cognitive decline over two years, but not vice versa. Apathy progression was associated with baseline low …
Association Between #Depressive Symptoms and Incident #Cardiovascular Diseases
https://2medical.news/2020/12/18/association-between-depressive-symptoms-and-incident-cardiovascular-diseases/
It is uncertain whether depressive symptoms are independently associated with subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).. ..Primary outcomes were incident fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and CVD (composite of the 2). Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher log CES-D or PHQ-2 adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and diabetes were reported. Results Among 162 036 participants from the ERFC (73%, women; mean age at …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/18/association-between-depressive-symptoms-and-incident-cardiovascular-diseases/
It is uncertain whether depressive symptoms are independently associated with subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).. ..Primary outcomes were incident fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and CVD (composite of the 2). Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher log CES-D or PHQ-2 adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and diabetes were reported. Results Among 162 036 participants from the ERFC (73%, women; mean age at …
A global survey of potential acceptance of a #COVID-19 vaccine
https://2medical.news/2020/12/18/a-global-survey-of-potential-acceptance-of-a-covid-19-vaccine/
Several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently in human trials. In June 2020, we surveyed 13,426 people in 19 countries to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of these, 71.5% of participants reported that they would be very or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.4% reported that they would accept their employer’s recommendation to do …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/18/a-global-survey-of-potential-acceptance-of-a-covid-19-vaccine/
Several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently in human trials. In June 2020, we surveyed 13,426 people in 19 countries to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of these, 71.5% of participants reported that they would be very or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.4% reported that they would accept their employer’s recommendation to do …
Trial of #Dexamethasone for Chronic Subdural #Hematoma
https://2medical.news/2020/12/19/trial-of-dexamethasone-for-chronic-subdural-hematoma/
Chronic subdural hematoma is a common neurologic disorder that is especially prevalent among older people. The effect of dexamethasone on outcomes in patients with chronic subdural hematoma has not been well studied.. ..From August 2015 through November 2019, a total of 748 patients were included in the trial after randomization — 375 were assigned to the dexamethasone group and 373 to the placebo group. The …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/19/trial-of-dexamethasone-for-chronic-subdural-hematoma/
Chronic subdural hematoma is a common neurologic disorder that is especially prevalent among older people. The effect of dexamethasone on outcomes in patients with chronic subdural hematoma has not been well studied.. ..From August 2015 through November 2019, a total of 748 patients were included in the trial after randomization — 375 were assigned to the dexamethasone group and 373 to the placebo group. The …
Evaluation of Cloth #Masks and Modified Procedure Masks as Personal Protective Equipment for the Public During the #COVID-19 Pandemic
https://2medical.news/2020/12/19/evaluation-of-cloth-masks-and-modified-procedure-masks-as-personal-protective-equipment-for-the-public-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
..To evaluate the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of various consumer-grade and improvised face masks, as well as several popular modifications of medical procedure masks that are intended to improve mask fit or comfort. Design, Setting, and Participants For this study conducted in a research laboratory between June and August 2020, 7 consumer-grade masks and 5 medical procedure mask modifications were fitted on an adult male …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/19/evaluation-of-cloth-masks-and-modified-procedure-masks-as-personal-protective-equipment-for-the-public-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
..To evaluate the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of various consumer-grade and improvised face masks, as well as several popular modifications of medical procedure masks that are intended to improve mask fit or comfort. Design, Setting, and Participants For this study conducted in a research laboratory between June and August 2020, 7 consumer-grade masks and 5 medical procedure mask modifications were fitted on an adult male …
Effectiveness of #Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Intensive Care Unit Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by #Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://2medical.news/2020/12/20/effectiveness-of-prone-positioning-in-nonintubated-intensive-care-unit-patients-with-moderate-to-severe-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-by-coronavirus-disease-2019/
In the treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prone positioning (PP) during mechanical ventilation for periods of 12–16 h/d to potentially improve oxygenation and survival. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the ability of long PP sessions to improve oxygenation in awake intensive care unit (ICU) patients with moderate or severe …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/20/effectiveness-of-prone-positioning-in-nonintubated-intensive-care-unit-patients-with-moderate-to-severe-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-by-coronavirus-disease-2019/
In the treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prone positioning (PP) during mechanical ventilation for periods of 12–16 h/d to potentially improve oxygenation and survival. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the ability of long PP sessions to improve oxygenation in awake intensive care unit (ICU) patients with moderate or severe …
Prefrontal– #amygdala circuits in #social decision-making
https://2medical.news/2020/12/20/prefrontal-amygdala-circuits-in-social-decision-making/
An increasing amount of research effort is being directed toward investigating the neural bases of social cognition from a systems neuroscience perspective. Evidence from multiple animal species is beginning to provide a mechanistic understanding of the substrates of social behaviors at multiple levels of neurobiology, ranging from those underlying high-level social constructs in humans and their more rudimentary underpinnings in monkeys to circuit-level and cell-type-specific …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/20/prefrontal-amygdala-circuits-in-social-decision-making/
An increasing amount of research effort is being directed toward investigating the neural bases of social cognition from a systems neuroscience perspective. Evidence from multiple animal species is beginning to provide a mechanistic understanding of the substrates of social behaviors at multiple levels of neurobiology, ranging from those underlying high-level social constructs in humans and their more rudimentary underpinnings in monkeys to circuit-level and cell-type-specific …
Elevated #Coronary Artery Calcium scores are associated with #tooth loss
https://2medical.news/2020/12/21/elevated-coronary-artery-calcium-scores-are-associated-with-tooth-loss/
This study explores the association between Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scores and dental pathology such as missing teeth, the (peri-apical) health status and restoration grade of the teeth, and the grade of alveolar bone loss seen on a dental panoramic radiograph (Orthopantomograph–OPG).. ..212 patients were included. We found a statistically significant association between the number of missing teeth and the CAC score. When modeling age, …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/21/elevated-coronary-artery-calcium-scores-are-associated-with-tooth-loss/
This study explores the association between Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scores and dental pathology such as missing teeth, the (peri-apical) health status and restoration grade of the teeth, and the grade of alveolar bone loss seen on a dental panoramic radiograph (Orthopantomograph–OPG).. ..212 patients were included. We found a statistically significant association between the number of missing teeth and the CAC score. When modeling age, …
Dynamic changes in DICER levels in #adipose tissue control metabolic adaptations to #exercise
https://2medical.news/2020/12/21/dynamic-changes-in-dicer-levels-in-adipose-tissue-control-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise/
DICER is a key enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Here we show that aerobic exercise training up-regulates DICER in adipose tissue of mice and humans. This can be mimicked by infusion of serum from exercised mice into sedentary mice and depends on AMPK-mediated signaling in both muscle and adipocytes. Adipocyte DICER is required for whole-body metabolic adaptations to aerobic exercise training, in part, by allowing …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/21/dynamic-changes-in-dicer-levels-in-adipose-tissue-control-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise/
DICER is a key enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Here we show that aerobic exercise training up-regulates DICER in adipose tissue of mice and humans. This can be mimicked by infusion of serum from exercised mice into sedentary mice and depends on AMPK-mediated signaling in both muscle and adipocytes. Adipocyte DICER is required for whole-body metabolic adaptations to aerobic exercise training, in part, by allowing …
#UV-LED disinfection of #Coronavirus: Wavelength effect
https://2medical.news/2020/12/22/uv-led-disinfection-of-coronavirus-wavelength-effect/
UV light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) are an emerging technology and a UV source for pathogen inactivation, however low UV-LED wavelengths are costly and have low fluence rate. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of human Coronavirus (HCoV-OC43 used as SARS-CoV-2 surrogate) was wavelength dependent with 267 nm ~ 279 nm > 286 nm > 297 nm. Other viruses showed similar results, suggesting UV LED with …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/22/uv-led-disinfection-of-coronavirus-wavelength-effect/
UV light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) are an emerging technology and a UV source for pathogen inactivation, however low UV-LED wavelengths are costly and have low fluence rate. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of human Coronavirus (HCoV-OC43 used as SARS-CoV-2 surrogate) was wavelength dependent with 267 nm ~ 279 nm > 286 nm > 297 nm. Other viruses showed similar results, suggesting UV LED with …
#Neutrophil more than #platelet activation associates with #thrombotic complications in #COVID-19 patients
https://2medical.news/2020/12/22/neutrophil-more-than-platelet-activation-associates-with-thrombotic-complications-in-covid-19-patients/
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with hypercoagulability which predisposes to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We analyzed platelet and neutrophil activation in COVID-19 patients and their association with VTE. Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Platelet and leukocyte activation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a neutrophil-released enzyme, were measured. Four patients were re-studied after recovery. The activating effect of …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/22/neutrophil-more-than-platelet-activation-associates-with-thrombotic-complications-in-covid-19-patients/
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with hypercoagulability which predisposes to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We analyzed platelet and neutrophil activation in COVID-19 patients and their association with VTE. Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Platelet and leukocyte activation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a neutrophil-released enzyme, were measured. Four patients were re-studied after recovery. The activating effect of …
The influence of #proton pump inhibitor therapy on the outcome of #infliximab therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies
https://2medical.news/2020/12/23/the-influence-of-proton-pump-inhibitor-therapy-on-the-outcome-of-infliximab-therapy-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease-a-patient-level-meta-analysis-of-randomised-controlled-studies/
In treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), how concomitant medications influence the response to infliximab is largely unexplored. We aim to evaluate whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) affect the response to infliximab therapy in patients with IBD.. Among the five randomised controlled studies, there were 889 and 147 patients on infliximab with and without PPI therapy, respectively. Patients on PPI were older, more likely …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/23/the-influence-of-proton-pump-inhibitor-therapy-on-the-outcome-of-infliximab-therapy-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease-a-patient-level-meta-analysis-of-randomised-controlled-studies/
In treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), how concomitant medications influence the response to infliximab is largely unexplored. We aim to evaluate whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) affect the response to infliximab therapy in patients with IBD.. Among the five randomised controlled studies, there were 889 and 147 patients on infliximab with and without PPI therapy, respectively. Patients on PPI were older, more likely …
The #Coronavirus Is Mutating. What Does That Mean for Us?
https://2medical.news/2020/12/23/the-coronavirus-is-mutating-what-does-that-mean-for-us/
By Apoorva Mandavilli – NYT Just as vaccines begin to offer hope for a path out of the pandemic, officials in Britain this past weekend sounded an urgent alarm about what they called a highly contagious new variant of the coronavirus circulating in England. Citing the rapid spread of the virus through London and surrounding areas, Prime Minister Boris Johnson imposed the country’s most stringent …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/23/the-coronavirus-is-mutating-what-does-that-mean-for-us/
By Apoorva Mandavilli – NYT Just as vaccines begin to offer hope for a path out of the pandemic, officials in Britain this past weekend sounded an urgent alarm about what they called a highly contagious new variant of the coronavirus circulating in England. Citing the rapid spread of the virus through London and surrounding areas, Prime Minister Boris Johnson imposed the country’s most stringent …
Identification and Management of #Eating Disorders in Children and #Adolescents
https://2medical.news/2020/12/24/identification-and-management-of-eating-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents/
Eating disorders are serious, potentially life-threatening illnesses afflicting individuals through the life span, with a particular impact on both the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents. Because care for children and adolescents with eating disorders can be complex and resources for the treatment of eating disorders are often limited, pediatricians may be called on to not only provide medical supervision for their patients …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/24/identification-and-management-of-eating-disorders-in-children-and-adolescents/
Eating disorders are serious, potentially life-threatening illnesses afflicting individuals through the life span, with a particular impact on both the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents. Because care for children and adolescents with eating disorders can be complex and resources for the treatment of eating disorders are often limited, pediatricians may be called on to not only provide medical supervision for their patients …
Characterizing #COVID-19 and #Influenza Illnesses in the Real World via Person-Generated Health Data
https://2medical.news/2020/12/24/characterizing-covid-19-and-influenza-illnesses-in-the-real-world-via-person-generated-health-data/
The fight against COVID-19 is hindered by similarly presenting viral infections that may confound detection and monitoring. We examined Person-generated Health Data (PGHD), consisting of survey and commercial wearable data from individuals’ everyday lives, for 230 people who reported a COVID-19 diagnosis between 2020-03-30 and 2020-04-27 (N=41 with wearable data). Compared to self-reported diagnosed flu cases from the same timeframe (N=426, 85 with wearable data) …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/24/characterizing-covid-19-and-influenza-illnesses-in-the-real-world-via-person-generated-health-data/
The fight against COVID-19 is hindered by similarly presenting viral infections that may confound detection and monitoring. We examined Person-generated Health Data (PGHD), consisting of survey and commercial wearable data from individuals’ everyday lives, for 230 people who reported a COVID-19 diagnosis between 2020-03-30 and 2020-04-27 (N=41 with wearable data). Compared to self-reported diagnosed flu cases from the same timeframe (N=426, 85 with wearable data) …
#Cardiovascular health metrics from mid- to late-life and risk of #dementia: A population-based cohort study in Finland
https://2medical.news/2020/12/25/cardiovascular-health-metrics-from-mid-to-late-life-and-risk-of-dementia-a-population-based-cohort-study-in-finland/
Very few studies have explored the patterns of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in midlife and late life in relation to risk of dementia. We examined the associations of composite CVH metrics from midlife to late life with risk of incident dementia. This cohort study included 1,449 participants from the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study, who were followed from midlife (baseline from1972 …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/25/cardiovascular-health-metrics-from-mid-to-late-life-and-risk-of-dementia-a-population-based-cohort-study-in-finland/
Very few studies have explored the patterns of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in midlife and late life in relation to risk of dementia. We examined the associations of composite CVH metrics from midlife to late life with risk of incident dementia. This cohort study included 1,449 participants from the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study, who were followed from midlife (baseline from1972 …
RANK links #thymic regulatory T cells to fetal loss and gestational #diabetes in pregnancy
https://2medical.news/2020/12/25/rank-links-thymic-regulatory-t-cells-to-fetal-loss-and-gestational-diabetes-in-pregnancy/
Successful pregnancies rely on adaptations within the mother1, including marked changes within the immune system2. It has long been known that the thymus, the central lymphoid organ, changes markedly during pregnancy3. However, the molecular basis and importance of this process remain largely obscure. Here we show that the osteoclast differentiation receptor RANK4,5 couples female sex hormones to the rewiring of the thymus during pregnancy. Genetic …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/25/rank-links-thymic-regulatory-t-cells-to-fetal-loss-and-gestational-diabetes-in-pregnancy/
Successful pregnancies rely on adaptations within the mother1, including marked changes within the immune system2. It has long been known that the thymus, the central lymphoid organ, changes markedly during pregnancy3. However, the molecular basis and importance of this process remain largely obscure. Here we show that the osteoclast differentiation receptor RANK4,5 couples female sex hormones to the rewiring of the thymus during pregnancy. Genetic …
Gut #microbiota depletion by chronic #antibiotic treatment alters the sleep/wake architecture and #sleep EEG power spectra in mice
https://2medical.news/2020/12/26/gut-microbiota-depletion-by-chronic-antibiotic-treatment-alters-the-sleep-wake-architecture-and-sleep-eeg-power-spectra-in-mice-2/
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota. Metabolome profiling of cecal contents in antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (AIMD) and control mice showed significant variations in the metabolism of amino acids …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/26/gut-microbiota-depletion-by-chronic-antibiotic-treatment-alters-the-sleep-wake-architecture-and-sleep-eeg-power-spectra-in-mice-2/
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota. Metabolome profiling of cecal contents in antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (AIMD) and control mice showed significant variations in the metabolism of amino acids …
Poor outcome of #SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe #asthma on biologic therapy
https://2medical.news/2020/12/26/poor-outcome-of-sars-cov-2-infection-in-patients-with-severe-asthma-on-biologic-therapy/
It is unclear whether asthma and asthma medications increase or decrease the risk of severe COVID-19, and this is particularly true for patients with severe asthma receiving biologics. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess incidence and disease course of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma on biologic therapy (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab), as compared with COVID-19 data from the general Dutch …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/26/poor-outcome-of-sars-cov-2-infection-in-patients-with-severe-asthma-on-biologic-therapy/
It is unclear whether asthma and asthma medications increase or decrease the risk of severe COVID-19, and this is particularly true for patients with severe asthma receiving biologics. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess incidence and disease course of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma on biologic therapy (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab), as compared with COVID-19 data from the general Dutch …
Association between Pre-Existing #Coronary Artery Disease and 5-Year Mortality in #Stroke Patients with High-Grade Carotid Artery Stenosis
https://2medical.news/2020/12/27/association-between-pre-existing-coronary-artery-disease-and-5-year-mortality-in-stroke-patients-with-high-grade-carotid-artery-stenosis/
The coincidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS) was observed. However, the association between pre-existing CAD and ischemic stroke (IS) outcome in patients with high-grade CAS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-existing CAD and outcomes of acute IS patients with high-grade CAS. Methods: From January 1, 2007, to April 30, 2012, we enrolled 372 acute IS patients …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/27/association-between-pre-existing-coronary-artery-disease-and-5-year-mortality-in-stroke-patients-with-high-grade-carotid-artery-stenosis/
The coincidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS) was observed. However, the association between pre-existing CAD and ischemic stroke (IS) outcome in patients with high-grade CAS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between pre-existing CAD and outcomes of acute IS patients with high-grade CAS. Methods: From January 1, 2007, to April 30, 2012, we enrolled 372 acute IS patients …
Diagnosis-wide analysis of #COVID-19 complications: an exposure-crossover study
https://2medical.news/2020/12/27/diagnosis-wide-analysis-of-covid-19-complications-an-exposure-crossover-study/
Many studies reporting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications have involved case series or small cohorts that could not establish a causal association with COVID-19 or provide risk estimates in different care settings. We sought to study all possible complications of COVID-19 to confirm previously reported complications and to identify potential complications not yet known.. ..Among 70 288 patients with COVID-19, 69 of 1724 analyzed ICD-10-CM …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/27/diagnosis-wide-analysis-of-covid-19-complications-an-exposure-crossover-study/
Many studies reporting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications have involved case series or small cohorts that could not establish a causal association with COVID-19 or provide risk estimates in different care settings. We sought to study all possible complications of COVID-19 to confirm previously reported complications and to identify potential complications not yet known.. ..Among 70 288 patients with COVID-19, 69 of 1724 analyzed ICD-10-CM …