Forwarded from Max Morris
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL No 7070 Volume 313: Page 1448, 7 December 1996.
Introduction The judgment by the war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg laid down 10 standards to which physicians must conform when carrying out experiments on human subjects in a new code that is now accepted worldwide.
This judgment established a new standard of ethical medical behaviour for the post World War II human rights era. Amongst other requirements, this document enunciates the requirement of voluntary informed consent of the human subject. The principle of voluntary informed consent protects the right of the individual to control his own body.
This code also recognizes that the risk must be weighed against the expected benefit, and that unnecessary pain and suffering must be avoided.
This code recognizes that doctors should avoid actions that injure human patients.
The principles established by this code for medical practice now have been extended into general codes of medical ethics.
The Nuremberg Code (1947) Permissible Medical Experiments The great weight of the evidence before us to effect that certain types of medical experiments on human beings, when kept within reasonably well-defined bounds, conform to the ethics of the medical profession generally. The protagonists of the practice of human experimentation justify their views on the basis that such experiments yield results for the good of society that are unprocurable by other methods or means of study. All agree, however, that certain basic principles must be observed in order to satisfy moral, ethical and legal concepts:
1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent;
should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected;
and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment.
The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs, or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity.
2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.
3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results justify the performance of the experiment.
4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
5. No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects.
6. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
7. Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability or death.
Introduction The judgment by the war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg laid down 10 standards to which physicians must conform when carrying out experiments on human subjects in a new code that is now accepted worldwide.
This judgment established a new standard of ethical medical behaviour for the post World War II human rights era. Amongst other requirements, this document enunciates the requirement of voluntary informed consent of the human subject. The principle of voluntary informed consent protects the right of the individual to control his own body.
This code also recognizes that the risk must be weighed against the expected benefit, and that unnecessary pain and suffering must be avoided.
This code recognizes that doctors should avoid actions that injure human patients.
The principles established by this code for medical practice now have been extended into general codes of medical ethics.
The Nuremberg Code (1947) Permissible Medical Experiments The great weight of the evidence before us to effect that certain types of medical experiments on human beings, when kept within reasonably well-defined bounds, conform to the ethics of the medical profession generally. The protagonists of the practice of human experimentation justify their views on the basis that such experiments yield results for the good of society that are unprocurable by other methods or means of study. All agree, however, that certain basic principles must be observed in order to satisfy moral, ethical and legal concepts:
1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent;
should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected;
and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment.
The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs, or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity.
2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.
3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results justify the performance of the experiment.
4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
5. No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects.
6. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
7. Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability or death.
Forwarded from Max Morris
8. The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons.
The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
9. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible.
10. During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him, that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.
For more information see Nuremberg Doctor's Trial, BMJ 1996;313(7070):1445-75.
The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
9. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible.
10. During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him, that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.
For more information see Nuremberg Doctor's Trial, BMJ 1996;313(7070):1445-75.
Audio
rec-20210515-202734 Her Voluntary Informed Consent, Intuitive Social Theater 306 • 20210515-203821 • https://t.me/s/IntuitiveSocialTheater/299 • https://t.me/s/IntuitiveSocialTheater/306 ••
I am feeling so much trauma things while I ask my body to read.
It is such a full body experience like singing opera is a full body experience and this encompasses so much more of my life and the lives of the people I care about, what has happened to our families through the generations and what is happening to us now.
Simultaneously it can relieve symptoms and bring up the very worst of physical debility through flashbacks and changes in physical matter related to emotion, memory, and the nature of experiencing.
If ever there was a theater piece to memorize and repeat over and over and over, perhaps with small adjustments, this is surely one.
Midrash.
---@maxmorris
It is such a full body experience like singing opera is a full body experience and this encompasses so much more of my life and the lives of the people I care about, what has happened to our families through the generations and what is happening to us now.
Simultaneously it can relieve symptoms and bring up the very worst of physical debility through flashbacks and changes in physical matter related to emotion, memory, and the nature of experiencing.
If ever there was a theater piece to memorize and repeat over and over and over, perhaps with small adjustments, this is surely one.
Midrash.
---@maxmorris
Forwarded from Max Morris
We're doing good. Let's keep going.
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#537 - MMIW Day 2021
5/5/21 by John Kane
https://youtu.be/FtpbJbTvHiI
Web player: https://podcastaddict.com/episode/122955186
Episode: http://feeds.soundcloud.com/stream/1043421040-letstalknative-537-mmiw-day-2021.mp3
May 5th has been designated as MMIW Day since 2017 but 2021 is ushering in "MMIW National Week of Action!"
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5/5/21 by John Kane
https://youtu.be/FtpbJbTvHiI
Web player: https://podcastaddict.com/episode/122955186
Episode: http://feeds.soundcloud.com/stream/1043421040-letstalknative-537-mmiw-day-2021.mp3
May 5th has been designated as MMIW Day since 2017 but 2021 is ushering in "MMIW National Week of Action!"
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MMIW Day 2021 - Let's Talk Native #537
May 5th has been designated as MMIW Day since 2017 but 2021 is ushering in "MMIW National Week of Action!"patreon! https://www.patreon.com/letstalknativemerc...
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May 16, 2021. •• IPR • Intuitive Public Recommends: TEMPLE OF HIP HOP WEEKLY STUDY • HHDOP 20TH ANNIVERSARY • 20210517-203411 • https://youtu.be/EaYntBPD9yw • https://t.me/s/IntuitivePublicRadio/7908 ••
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TEMPLE OF HIP HOP WEEKLY STUDY 5/16/21 HHDOP 20th ANNIVERSARY
PHILOSOPHER, TEACHER, & TEACHA KRS-ONE
ACRONOLOGIST MINISTA G. SIMONE
MINISTA SUN-ONE
ACRONOLOGIST MINISTA G. SIMONE
MINISTA SUN-ONE
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Best Adhan in the world - Muslim Call to Prayer
Azan - The Call For Prayers
In The Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Adhan is the first call to prayer. The Adhan is uttered in a loud, albeit sweet melodious, voice to announce to the faithful that it is time for the Obligatory Prayer and to invite…
In The Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Adhan is the first call to prayer. The Adhan is uttered in a loud, albeit sweet melodious, voice to announce to the faithful that it is time for the Obligatory Prayer and to invite…
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https://anchor.fm/agustin-motta/episodes/24-Krs-One-2-Temporada-elbu0j
Episode: https://anchor.fm/s/a3f35cc/podcast/play/21411283/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2020-9-21%2F120501794-44100-2-8ad82aba7725d.m4a
Y no podÃa faltar el filósofo del Hiphop, el Aristóteles de la cultura, que de forma incansable divulgó y enseño la materia. DALE PLAY y enterate mas de esta gran personalidad.
10/21/20 by Agustin Motta
https://anchor.fm/agustin-motta/episodes/24-Krs-One-2-Temporada-elbu0j
Episode: https://anchor.fm/s/a3f35cc/podcast/play/21411283/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2020-9-21%2F120501794-44100-2-8ad82aba7725d.m4a
Y no podÃa faltar el filósofo del Hiphop, el Aristóteles de la cultura, que de forma incansable divulgó y enseño la materia. DALE PLAY y enterate mas de esta gran personalidad.
Anchor
24.Krs One (2° Temporada) by Desde El Ghetto • A podcast on Anchor
Y no podÃa faltar el filósofo del Hiphop, el Aristóteles de la cultura, que de forma incansable divulgó y enseño la materia. DALE PLAY y enterate mas de esta gran personalidad.
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The classical music in the first 3 minutes of the introduction to this episode... The violins... What is this piece?
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Black cumin seed oil, cumin spice, curcumin, turmeric... What is the relationship between black cumin seeds and turmeric roots? There are some important commonalities here we are realizing
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Red radish greens, girasole sunchoke, broccoli, red radishes, wheatgrass, brussel sprouts 🥦🌳🥬🌿
The Red Deal: Decolonization or Extinction
4/26/21
Web player: https://podcastaddict.com/episode/122278822
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Red Media and Common Notions are pleased to announce the publication of The Red Deal: Indigenous Action to Save Our Earth. Authored by two dozen Indigenous revolutionaries, The Red Deal is a political program for liberation that emerges from the oldest class struggle in the Americas—the Indigenous fight for decolonization. Hosted by Making Worlds Bookstore and Social Center Sponsored by Common Notions Press and Red Media Order your copy here
https://www.commonnotions.org/the-red-deal Support https://www.patreon.com/redmediapr
4/26/21
Web player: https://podcastaddict.com/episode/122278822
Episode: https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/therednation/The_Red_Deal_Decolonization_or_Extinction.mp3?dest-id=1602425
Red Media and Common Notions are pleased to announce the publication of The Red Deal: Indigenous Action to Save Our Earth. Authored by two dozen Indigenous revolutionaries, The Red Deal is a political program for liberation that emerges from the oldest class struggle in the Americas—the Indigenous fight for decolonization. Hosted by Making Worlds Bookstore and Social Center Sponsored by Common Notions Press and Red Media Order your copy here
https://www.commonnotions.org/the-red-deal Support https://www.patreon.com/redmediapr
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The Red Deal: Decolonization or Extinction • The Red Nation Podcast - via Podcast Addict
Red Media and Common Notions are pleased to announce the publication of The Red Deal: Indigenous Action to Save Our Earth. Authored by two dozen Indigenous revolutionaries, The Red Deal is a political program for liberation that emerges from the oldest class…
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