#Places_in_news
#Lakes_series
🔆The Great Lakes
✅Group of five freshwater lakes Mark the Natural boundary between the United States and Canada.
✅Lake Superior is the world's largest freshwater lake
✅The Great Lakes contain about 21% of the world's fresh surface water and about 84% of the United States' fresh surface water
✅Water in the Great Lakes flows from Lake Superior, into Lake Huron, into Lake Michigan, into Lake Erie, into Lake Ontario, and into the Atlantic 0cean through the Saint Lawrence River.
✅The Canadian province of Ontario and eight U.S. states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) have shorelines on the lakes.
✅All of the lakes except Erie are deep enough that their bottoms are below sea level.
✅West to East Direction - L. Superior , L. Michigan, L. Huron ,L. Erie and Ontario
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#Lakes_series
🔆The Great Lakes
✅Group of five freshwater lakes Mark the Natural boundary between the United States and Canada.
✅Lake Superior is the world's largest freshwater lake
✅The Great Lakes contain about 21% of the world's fresh surface water and about 84% of the United States' fresh surface water
✅Water in the Great Lakes flows from Lake Superior, into Lake Huron, into Lake Michigan, into Lake Erie, into Lake Ontario, and into the Atlantic 0cean through the Saint Lawrence River.
✅The Canadian province of Ontario and eight U.S. states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) have shorelines on the lakes.
✅All of the lakes except Erie are deep enough that their bottoms are below sea level.
✅West to East Direction - L. Superior , L. Michigan, L. Huron ,L. Erie and Ontario
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🔆EASTERN SWAMP DEER
✅The population of the vulnerable eastern swamp deer, extinct elsewhere in South Asia, has dipped in the Kaziranga National Park.
✅The barasingha, also called swamp deer, is a deer species distributed in the Indian subcontinent.
✅It differs from all other Indian deer species in that the antlers carry more than three tines.
✅ Threats: Poaching for antlers and meat habitat
loss.
✅ Barasingha is the state animal of the Indian states of MP & UP
✅3 subspecies of swamp deer are
🔸 Western swamp deer is adapted to the flooded tall grassland habitat in the Indo-Gangetic plain & are found in the Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve of Nepal.
🔸 Southern swamp deer has hard hooves and is adapted to hard ground in open sal forest with a grass understorey survives only in the Kanha National Park.
🔸 Eastern swamp deer is only found in Assam, endemic to Assam.
▪️Protection Status
✅IUCN Red list: Vulnerable
✅CITES: Appendix I
✅Wildlife Protection Act of 1972: Schedule I
#prelims
#environment
✅The population of the vulnerable eastern swamp deer, extinct elsewhere in South Asia, has dipped in the Kaziranga National Park.
✅The barasingha, also called swamp deer, is a deer species distributed in the Indian subcontinent.
✅It differs from all other Indian deer species in that the antlers carry more than three tines.
✅ Threats: Poaching for antlers and meat habitat
loss.
✅ Barasingha is the state animal of the Indian states of MP & UP
✅3 subspecies of swamp deer are
🔸 Western swamp deer is adapted to the flooded tall grassland habitat in the Indo-Gangetic plain & are found in the Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve of Nepal.
🔸 Southern swamp deer has hard hooves and is adapted to hard ground in open sal forest with a grass understorey survives only in the Kanha National Park.
🔸 Eastern swamp deer is only found in Assam, endemic to Assam.
▪️Protection Status
✅IUCN Red list: Vulnerable
✅CITES: Appendix I
✅Wildlife Protection Act of 1972: Schedule I
#prelims
#environment
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🔆Lithuania
✅ Why in news : The European Union launched action against China at the World Trade Organization (WTO) for targeting Lithuania over its stance on Taiwan.
✅ Lithuania, country of northeastern Europe, the southernmost and largest of the three Baltic states.
✅ Lithuania is bounded by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland and the detached Russian oblast of Kaliningrad to the southwest, and the Baltic Sea to the west.
✅ Lithuania was admitted into the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2004.
✅The capital is Vilnius.
#Places_in_news
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✅ Why in news : The European Union launched action against China at the World Trade Organization (WTO) for targeting Lithuania over its stance on Taiwan.
✅ Lithuania, country of northeastern Europe, the southernmost and largest of the three Baltic states.
✅ Lithuania is bounded by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland and the detached Russian oblast of Kaliningrad to the southwest, and the Baltic Sea to the west.
✅ Lithuania was admitted into the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2004.
✅The capital is Vilnius.
#Places_in_news
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🔆India's First Geological Park
✅the approval for first geological park was given by Geological Survey of India, under Ministry of Mining.
✅The park will be built at Lamheta village on the banks of Narmada River in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
✅It is a unified area that advances the protection and use of geological heritage in a sustainable way and promotes the economic well-being of the people who live there.
✅ It promotes awareness of geological hazards, including
volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis and many help prepare disaster mitigation strategies with local communities.
✅It embodies records of past climate changes and are indicators of current climate changes.
▪️Why Will Park Be Built In Lamheta
✅ From geological point of view, Lamheta of Jabalpur is one of the most significant places in the world.
✅ Several dinosaur fossils had been found in the Narmada valley, particularly in the Bhedaghat-Lameta Ghat area of Jabalpur.
✅ In 1828, the first dinosaur fossil was collected from the Lameta Bed by William Sleeman.
✅ UNESCO has also recognised Lamheta as geo heritage site.
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✅the approval for first geological park was given by Geological Survey of India, under Ministry of Mining.
✅The park will be built at Lamheta village on the banks of Narmada River in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
✅It is a unified area that advances the protection and use of geological heritage in a sustainable way and promotes the economic well-being of the people who live there.
✅ It promotes awareness of geological hazards, including
volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis and many help prepare disaster mitigation strategies with local communities.
✅It embodies records of past climate changes and are indicators of current climate changes.
▪️Why Will Park Be Built In Lamheta
✅ From geological point of view, Lamheta of Jabalpur is one of the most significant places in the world.
✅ Several dinosaur fossils had been found in the Narmada valley, particularly in the Bhedaghat-Lameta Ghat area of Jabalpur.
✅ In 1828, the first dinosaur fossil was collected from the Lameta Bed by William Sleeman.
✅ UNESCO has also recognised Lamheta as geo heritage site.
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🔆Kaziranga Become Net Carbon Emitter
✅Why in news : According to the latest research, Kaziranga national park is releasing more carbon than it is absorbing.
▪️How Kaziranga National Park Become Net Emitter
✅The soil of Kaziranga is home to a large population of bacteria that release carbon dioxide as they breathe, which adds to the carbon dioxide being emanated by other organisms.
✅The photosynthetic activity of trees during monsoon decreases due to increased cloud cover. Hence, the ability of the forest to absorb carbon dioxide also decreases.
✅ The situation remains the same during the post-monsoon and winter months, making the forest a net carbon emitter.
✅ There is a decreasing trend in the rainfall coming from the transpired water in the pre-monsoon months which are responsible for the highest carbon absorption.
✅ Transpiration is a process that involves loss of water vapour through the stomata of plants.
✅ Stomatal openings are necessary to admit carbon dioxide to the leaf interior and to allow oxygen to escape during photosynthesis
✅As the planet warms further, the ability of the park to absorb carbon would further decrease.
▪️About Kaziranga National Park
✅ It is spread across the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River, in the state of Assam.
✅ It has been declared as national park in 1974 and was a UNESCO world heritage site in 1985.
✅ It has been also declared as a tiger reserve in 2007.
✅It also recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.
✅ It is inhabited by the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as many mammals, including tigers, elephants, panthers and bears, and thousands of birds.
✅ Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary has the highest density of one-horned rhinos in the world and second highest number of Rhinos in Assam after Kaziranga National Park.
#environment
#Places_in_news
#National_park_series
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@UPSC_4_ENVIRONMENT
✅Why in news : According to the latest research, Kaziranga national park is releasing more carbon than it is absorbing.
▪️How Kaziranga National Park Become Net Emitter
✅The soil of Kaziranga is home to a large population of bacteria that release carbon dioxide as they breathe, which adds to the carbon dioxide being emanated by other organisms.
✅The photosynthetic activity of trees during monsoon decreases due to increased cloud cover. Hence, the ability of the forest to absorb carbon dioxide also decreases.
✅ The situation remains the same during the post-monsoon and winter months, making the forest a net carbon emitter.
✅ There is a decreasing trend in the rainfall coming from the transpired water in the pre-monsoon months which are responsible for the highest carbon absorption.
✅ Transpiration is a process that involves loss of water vapour through the stomata of plants.
✅ Stomatal openings are necessary to admit carbon dioxide to the leaf interior and to allow oxygen to escape during photosynthesis
✅As the planet warms further, the ability of the park to absorb carbon would further decrease.
▪️About Kaziranga National Park
✅ It is spread across the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River, in the state of Assam.
✅ It has been declared as national park in 1974 and was a UNESCO world heritage site in 1985.
✅ It has been also declared as a tiger reserve in 2007.
✅It also recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.
✅ It is inhabited by the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as many mammals, including tigers, elephants, panthers and bears, and thousands of birds.
✅ Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary has the highest density of one-horned rhinos in the world and second highest number of Rhinos in Assam after Kaziranga National Park.
#environment
#Places_in_news
#National_park_series
Join @mapping_prelims_mains
@UPSC_4_ENVIRONMENT
🔆BELARUS
✅Belarus, the largest landlocked European country bordering the two warring nations has found itself in a precarious position amid its political proximity with Russia.
✅The country is now at the receiving end of the West’s economic sanctions, meant to deter the Russian assault on Ukraine. The Belarusian border serves as the site for dialogue between Russia and Ukraine to possibly end the war.
✅Historically, Belarus has acted as the site of negotiations between the two nations – two sets of agreements were signed in the Belarusian capital of Minsk in 2014 and 2015 to end the conflict in eastern Ukraine.
✅It is bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
✅Its capital is Minsk.
✅After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus became a sovereign nation, and its first presidential elections were held in 1994.
#Places_in_news
#Landlocked_country
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✅Belarus, the largest landlocked European country bordering the two warring nations has found itself in a precarious position amid its political proximity with Russia.
✅The country is now at the receiving end of the West’s economic sanctions, meant to deter the Russian assault on Ukraine. The Belarusian border serves as the site for dialogue between Russia and Ukraine to possibly end the war.
✅Historically, Belarus has acted as the site of negotiations between the two nations – two sets of agreements were signed in the Belarusian capital of Minsk in 2014 and 2015 to end the conflict in eastern Ukraine.
✅It is bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
✅Its capital is Minsk.
✅After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus became a sovereign nation, and its first presidential elections were held in 1994.
#Places_in_news
#Landlocked_country
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🔆Five river linking projects announced in Union Budget:
✅Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has proposed a project to link five rivers in India in her budget
speech.
✅The rivers identified for linking are:
🔸Godavari-Krishna,
🔸Krishna-Pennar,
🔸Pennar-Cauvery,
🔸Damanganga-Pinjal and
🔸Par-Tapi-Narmada.
▪️A brief overview of these rivers:
✅Krishna, the fourth largest river in India, originates in Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra and flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
✅Cauvery originates in Kodagu and flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
✅Penna originates in Chikkaballapura and flows through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
✅Godavari which is the third largest river in India originates in Nashik and flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa.
✅The Damanganga-Pinjal river linking aims to divert surplus water from the Damanganga basin to provide domestic water for Mumbai city.
✅The Par-Tapi-Narmada project proposes to provide water to doubt-prone regions of Kutch and Saurashtra by diverting excess water from seven reservoirs in the Western Ghats in North Maharashtra
and south Gujarat.
Details click here
▪️Benefits of interlinking: background click here
✅Enhances water and food security.
✅ Proper utilisation of water.
✅ Boost to agriculture.
✅ Disaster mitigation.
✅ Boost to transportation.
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✅Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has proposed a project to link five rivers in India in her budget
speech.
✅The rivers identified for linking are:
🔸Godavari-Krishna,
🔸Krishna-Pennar,
🔸Pennar-Cauvery,
🔸Damanganga-Pinjal and
🔸Par-Tapi-Narmada.
▪️A brief overview of these rivers:
✅Krishna, the fourth largest river in India, originates in Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra and flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
✅Cauvery originates in Kodagu and flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
✅Penna originates in Chikkaballapura and flows through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
✅Godavari which is the third largest river in India originates in Nashik and flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa.
✅The Damanganga-Pinjal river linking aims to divert surplus water from the Damanganga basin to provide domestic water for Mumbai city.
✅The Par-Tapi-Narmada project proposes to provide water to doubt-prone regions of Kutch and Saurashtra by diverting excess water from seven reservoirs in the Western Ghats in North Maharashtra
and south Gujarat.
Details click here
▪️Benefits of interlinking: background click here
✅Enhances water and food security.
✅ Proper utilisation of water.
✅ Boost to agriculture.
✅ Disaster mitigation.
✅ Boost to transportation.
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆Major lakes of Asia
✅ Lake Baikal is situated in Russia;
✅Lake Akanis situated in Japan;
✅ Qinghai Lake or Lake Khanka are situated in China;
✅ Dal Lake, Chilka, Vembanada, Pullicat and Sukhnaare situated in India;
✅Lake Matano is situated in Indonesia.
#lakes_series
#quick_revision
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✅ Lake Baikal is situated in Russia;
✅Lake Akanis situated in Japan;
✅ Qinghai Lake or Lake Khanka are situated in China;
✅ Dal Lake, Chilka, Vembanada, Pullicat and Sukhnaare situated in India;
✅Lake Matano is situated in Indonesia.
#lakes_series
#quick_revision
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🔆A.K. SIKRI COMMITTEE
✅The Supreme Court appointed its ex-judge A.K. Sikri as Chairperson of the High Powered Committee, which would consider the cumulative and independent impact of the Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway Development Project) on the entire Himalayan valley”.
✅The project envisages construction of 900-km roads to provide all-weather connectivity to four holy towns — Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath — in Uttarakhand.
✅A bench of Justices DY Chandrachud and Surya Kant accepted the resignation of Professor Ravi Chopra as Chairperson of the Committee after he wrote a letter in January wishing to relinquish his post.
✅Chopra had earlier opposed the Centre’s demand for a 10-metre carriage way and insisted that it be limited to 5.5 metre keeping in mind environmental concerns.
✅He also sought to link the broadening of the roads with last year’s flash floods on Dhauliganga river, which damaged Tapovan hydro project and led to loss of lives.
✅The Supreme Court appointed its ex-judge A.K. Sikri as Chairperson of the High Powered Committee, which would consider the cumulative and independent impact of the Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway Development Project) on the entire Himalayan valley”.
✅The project envisages construction of 900-km roads to provide all-weather connectivity to four holy towns — Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath — in Uttarakhand.
✅A bench of Justices DY Chandrachud and Surya Kant accepted the resignation of Professor Ravi Chopra as Chairperson of the Committee after he wrote a letter in January wishing to relinquish his post.
✅Chopra had earlier opposed the Centre’s demand for a 10-metre carriage way and insisted that it be limited to 5.5 metre keeping in mind environmental concerns.
✅He also sought to link the broadening of the roads with last year’s flash floods on Dhauliganga river, which damaged Tapovan hydro project and led to loss of lives.
🔆Weddell Sea
✅why in News: Scientists say they have found the sunken wreck of polar explorer Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance, more than a century after it was lost to the Antarctic ice.
✅The vessel lies 3,000 meters below the surface of the Weddell Sea.
▪️About Weddell Sea
✅Weddell Sea is part of the Southern Ocean and contains the Weddell Gyre. Its land boundaries are defined by the bay formed from the coasts of Coats Land and the Antarctic Peninsula.
✅Various ice shelves, including the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, fringe the Weddell sea.
✅Some of the ice shelves on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula had completely disappeared by 2002.
✅The Weddell Sea has been deemed by scientists to have the clearest water of any sea.
#Places_in_news
#sea_series
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✅why in News: Scientists say they have found the sunken wreck of polar explorer Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance, more than a century after it was lost to the Antarctic ice.
✅The vessel lies 3,000 meters below the surface of the Weddell Sea.
▪️About Weddell Sea
✅Weddell Sea is part of the Southern Ocean and contains the Weddell Gyre. Its land boundaries are defined by the bay formed from the coasts of Coats Land and the Antarctic Peninsula.
✅Various ice shelves, including the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, fringe the Weddell sea.
✅Some of the ice shelves on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula had completely disappeared by 2002.
✅The Weddell Sea has been deemed by scientists to have the clearest water of any sea.
#Places_in_news
#sea_series
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🔆Sela Tunnel
✅ Why in News: BRO conducted final blast concluding all excavation on Sela Tunnel Project.
✅About: Sela is a strategic tunnel under construction in located in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
✅ Connectivity: It will ensure all-weather connectivity between Guwahati in Assam and Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh. The tunnel will provide access to Tawang by an all-weather road in the western region of Arunachal Pradesh throughout the year.
✅ Strategic importance: It will permit swifter and soldierto forward areas near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Tawang sector in all-weather conditions.
✅Length:Sela will be the longest twin-lane tunnel above 13,000 feet in the world, and will cut down travel time to Tawang by at least one hour as well as provide all-weather connectivity,
✅ Umbrella Project: The Sela tunnel is a part of the Balipara-Charduar-Tawang road, one of the key strategic projects near the Chinese border.
#Places_in_news
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✅ Why in News: BRO conducted final blast concluding all excavation on Sela Tunnel Project.
✅About: Sela is a strategic tunnel under construction in located in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
✅ Connectivity: It will ensure all-weather connectivity between Guwahati in Assam and Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh. The tunnel will provide access to Tawang by an all-weather road in the western region of Arunachal Pradesh throughout the year.
✅ Strategic importance: It will permit swifter and soldierto forward areas near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Tawang sector in all-weather conditions.
✅Length:Sela will be the longest twin-lane tunnel above 13,000 feet in the world, and will cut down travel time to Tawang by at least one hour as well as provide all-weather connectivity,
✅ Umbrella Project: The Sela tunnel is a part of the Balipara-Charduar-Tawang road, one of the key strategic projects near the Chinese border.
#Places_in_news
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🔆Mali
✅Why in News: France and its allies in a European force have announced they will begin withdrawing troops from Mali after nearly 10 years fighting armed unrest.
✅Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa. capital - Bamako.
✅Mali borders Algeria to the north-northeast, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso to the south-east, Ivory Coast to the south, Guinea to the south-west, and Senegal to the west and Mauritania to the north-west.
✅Most of the country lies in the southern Sahara Desert.
✅Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent and salt.
▪️What’s happening in Mali?
✅Since 1960, when Mali gained independence from France, there have been five coups — and only one peaceful transition from one democratically elected president to another.
✅ Recent coup: In 2021, President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita was overthrown in the wake of mass anti-government protests.
#Places_in_news
#Landlocked_country
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✅Why in News: France and its allies in a European force have announced they will begin withdrawing troops from Mali after nearly 10 years fighting armed unrest.
✅Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa. capital - Bamako.
✅Mali borders Algeria to the north-northeast, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso to the south-east, Ivory Coast to the south, Guinea to the south-west, and Senegal to the west and Mauritania to the north-west.
✅Most of the country lies in the southern Sahara Desert.
✅Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent and salt.
▪️What’s happening in Mali?
✅Since 1960, when Mali gained independence from France, there have been five coups — and only one peaceful transition from one democratically elected president to another.
✅ Recent coup: In 2021, President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita was overthrown in the wake of mass anti-government protests.
#Places_in_news
#Landlocked_country
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🔆Burkina Faso
✅ Why in News: Burkina Faso‘s army said it had ousted President Roch Kabore, suspended the constitution, dissolved the government and the national assembly, and closed the country‘s borders
✅Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in western Africa.
✅ Location è It is bounded by Mali to the north and west, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, and Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo to
the south.
✅It is a low-income Sahelian country with limited natural resources.
✅Its economy is largely based on agriculture, which employs 80% of the workforce, although gold exports have increased.
✅ The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south.
#Places_in_news
#Landlocked_country
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✅ Why in News: Burkina Faso‘s army said it had ousted President Roch Kabore, suspended the constitution, dissolved the government and the national assembly, and closed the country‘s borders
✅Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in western Africa.
✅ Location è It is bounded by Mali to the north and west, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, and Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo to
the south.
✅It is a low-income Sahelian country with limited natural resources.
✅Its economy is largely based on agriculture, which employs 80% of the workforce, although gold exports have increased.
✅ The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south.
#Places_in_news
#Landlocked_country
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🔆PAR TAPI NARMADA River-linking Project
✅On March 21, 2022, the tribals in Gujarat will hold a public meeting in Kaprada in Valsad district to protest against the Centre’s Par Tapi Narmada river-linking project.
✅The Par Tapi Narmada link project was envisioned under the 1980 National Perspective Plan under the former Union Ministry of Irrigation and the Central Water Commission (CWC).
✅The project proposes to transfer river water from the surplus regions of the Western Ghats to the deficit regions of Saurashtra and Kutch.
✅The excess water in the interlinked Par, Tapi and Narmada rivers which flow into the sea in the monsoon would be diverted to Saurashtra and Kutch for irrigation.
✅It proposes to link three rivers : Par, originating from Nashik in Maharashtra and flowing through Valsad, Tapi from Saputara that flows through Maharashtra and Surat in Gujarat, and Narmada originating in Madhya Pradesh and flowing through Maharashtra and Bharuch and Narmada districts in Gujarat.
✅The link mainly includes the construction of :
🔸seven dams (Jheri, Mohankavchali, Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan),
🔸three diversion weirs (Paikhed, Chasmandva, and Chikkar dams),
🔸two tunnels (5.0 kilometers and 0.5 kilometers length),
🔸the 395-kilometre long canal (205 kilometre in Par-Tapi portion including the length of feeder canals and 190 km in Tapi-Narmada portion), and
🔸six powerhouses.
✅Of these, the Jheri dam falls in Nashik, while the remaining dams are in Valsad and Dang districts of South Gujarat.
#Geography
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✅On March 21, 2022, the tribals in Gujarat will hold a public meeting in Kaprada in Valsad district to protest against the Centre’s Par Tapi Narmada river-linking project.
✅The Par Tapi Narmada link project was envisioned under the 1980 National Perspective Plan under the former Union Ministry of Irrigation and the Central Water Commission (CWC).
✅The project proposes to transfer river water from the surplus regions of the Western Ghats to the deficit regions of Saurashtra and Kutch.
✅The excess water in the interlinked Par, Tapi and Narmada rivers which flow into the sea in the monsoon would be diverted to Saurashtra and Kutch for irrigation.
✅It proposes to link three rivers : Par, originating from Nashik in Maharashtra and flowing through Valsad, Tapi from Saputara that flows through Maharashtra and Surat in Gujarat, and Narmada originating in Madhya Pradesh and flowing through Maharashtra and Bharuch and Narmada districts in Gujarat.
✅The link mainly includes the construction of :
🔸seven dams (Jheri, Mohankavchali, Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan),
🔸three diversion weirs (Paikhed, Chasmandva, and Chikkar dams),
🔸two tunnels (5.0 kilometers and 0.5 kilometers length),
🔸the 395-kilometre long canal (205 kilometre in Par-Tapi portion including the length of feeder canals and 190 km in Tapi-Narmada portion), and
🔸six powerhouses.
✅Of these, the Jheri dam falls in Nashik, while the remaining dams are in Valsad and Dang districts of South Gujarat.
#Geography
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🔆CHEETAH INTRODUCTION PLAN
✅The cheetah, which became extinct in India after Independence, is all set to return with the Union Government launching an action plan.
✅According to the plan, about 50 of these big cats will be introduced in the next five years, from the Africa savannas, home to cheetahs, an endangered species.
✅According to the Government, Kuno national park in Madhya Pradesh is ready to receive the cheetahs.
✅The cheetahs are to be provided by the Cheetah Conservation Fund, an NGO, and not the Namibian government. Three to five cheetahs are expected to be part of the first group of cats and these are expected to arrive as early as May 2022 and released in the wild by August 15.
✅It is recorded that the last cheetahs were shot in India in 1947, but there are credible reports of sightings of the cat till about 1967.
✅ Background CLICK HERE
#environment
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✅The cheetah, which became extinct in India after Independence, is all set to return with the Union Government launching an action plan.
✅According to the plan, about 50 of these big cats will be introduced in the next five years, from the Africa savannas, home to cheetahs, an endangered species.
✅According to the Government, Kuno national park in Madhya Pradesh is ready to receive the cheetahs.
✅The cheetahs are to be provided by the Cheetah Conservation Fund, an NGO, and not the Namibian government. Three to five cheetahs are expected to be part of the first group of cats and these are expected to arrive as early as May 2022 and released in the wild by August 15.
✅It is recorded that the last cheetahs were shot in India in 1947, but there are credible reports of sightings of the cat till about 1967.
✅ Background CLICK HERE
#environment
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆PONG DAM LAKE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
✅ Why In News: Over a lakh migratory water birds arrived at the Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh in Winter 2020-21.
✅Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary also known as Pong Dam Reservoir or Pong Dam Lake is located in Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh.
✅ The dam was created in 1975 and was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 1983. The lake was declared as a Ramsar Site in 2002.
✅ Vegetation: The sanctuary area is covered with tropical and subtropical forests. It shelters a great number of Indian Wildlife animals.
✅Rivers: The lake is fed by the Beas River. Its numerous perennial tributaries are Gaj, Neogal, Binwa, Uhl, Bangana and Baner.
✅ Fauna: The sanctuary is a host to around 220 species of birds belonging to 54 families. Migratory birds from all over Hindukush Himalayas and also as far as Siberia come here during winter.
✅ The flagship species of the lake are Bar Headed Geese. Other species having a high population at the sanctuary include Eurasian Coot, Northern Pintail, Common Teal, Great Cormorant, Grey Lag Goose, etc.
#Wildlife_Sanctuary_series
#Places_in_news
#environment
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
✅ Why In News: Over a lakh migratory water birds arrived at the Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh in Winter 2020-21.
✅Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary also known as Pong Dam Reservoir or Pong Dam Lake is located in Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh.
✅ The dam was created in 1975 and was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 1983. The lake was declared as a Ramsar Site in 2002.
✅ Vegetation: The sanctuary area is covered with tropical and subtropical forests. It shelters a great number of Indian Wildlife animals.
✅Rivers: The lake is fed by the Beas River. Its numerous perennial tributaries are Gaj, Neogal, Binwa, Uhl, Bangana and Baner.
✅ Fauna: The sanctuary is a host to around 220 species of birds belonging to 54 families. Migratory birds from all over Hindukush Himalayas and also as far as Siberia come here during winter.
✅ The flagship species of the lake are Bar Headed Geese. Other species having a high population at the sanctuary include Eurasian Coot, Northern Pintail, Common Teal, Great Cormorant, Grey Lag Goose, etc.
#Wildlife_Sanctuary_series
#Places_in_news
#environment
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains