INDIA & WORLD MAP GEOGRAPHY UPSC
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โ–ช๏ธBiosphere Reserve of India

โ–ช๏ธBiosphere Reserve (BR) is an international designation by UNESCO for representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of terrestrial or coastal/ marine ecosystems or a combination thereof.

โ–ช๏ธThere are 18 Biosphere Reserves in the country.

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โ–ช๏ธ Tiger Reserves in India

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#Straits
#Isthmus

Straits and Isthmus

A strait lies between two land masses and connects two larger bodies of water,

an isthmus lies between two bodies of water and connects two larger land masses.

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Strait of Hormuz


โ–ช๏ธ It is a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

โ–ช๏ธ It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points.

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Bosphorus Strait

โ–ช๏ธ It is a natural strait connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara.

โ–ช๏ธIt has huge strategic significance.

โ–ช๏ธ Bosphorus strait separates the European part from the Asian part of Istanbul (Turkey).

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Strait of Malacca


โ–ช๏ธ Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).

โ–ช๏ธIt runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia  to the east.

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Sunda Strait


โ–ช๏ธ The Sunda Strait is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra.

โ–ช๏ธ It connects the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean.

โ–ช๏ธ Anak Krakatau, volcano which erupted recently is located on this strait.

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Bass Strait


โ–ช๏ธ Bass Strait, channel separating Victoria, Australia, from the island of Tasmania on the south.

โ–ช๏ธ Connecting Tasman sea on the west and Indian Ocean in the east.

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Cook Strait

โ–ช๏ธ Cook Strait is a strait that separates the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

โ–ช๏ธ It connects the Tasman Sea on the northwest with the South Pacific Ocean on the southeast, and runs next to the capital city, Wellington and Picton.

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Mozambique Channel


โ–ช๏ธ In the Indian Ocean
โ–ช๏ธ Between Mozambique and Madagascar
โ–ช๏ธ Dubbed as Forgotten Choke point

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#Straits

Bab - el - Mandeb Strait


โ–ช๏ธ Joins Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and Indian ocean

โ–ช๏ธ Between Yemen and Djibouti, one of the important choke points

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Tsugaru Strait

โ–ช๏ธJoins : Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean

โ–ช๏ธ Location: Japan (Between Hokkaido and Honshu Island)

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Strait of Otranto (Otranto Strait)

โ–ช๏ธ It links Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea

โ–ช๏ธ It seperates Italy and Albania

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Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait)


โ–ช๏ธ Joins: South China Sea & East China Sea

โ–ช๏ธ Location: Between China-Taiwan

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Strait of Messina


โ–ช๏ธ Strait of Messina, Italian Stretto di Messina, is a channel in the Mediterranean Sea.

โ–ช๏ธ separating Sicily and Italy  and linking the Tyrrhenian and Ionian seas.

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Tatar Strait (Strait of Tartary)

โ–ช๏ธ Joins : Japan Sea & Okhotsk Sea

โ–ช๏ธ Location: Russia (East Russia-Sakhalin Islands)

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#straits

Strait of hormuz


When a body of water such as a strait is capable of being blocked or even closed in order to control transportation routes, the body is called a โ€œchoke point.โ€

The Strait of Hormuz has become an important choke point in recent years because of increasing Middle East tensions.

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#Hills_Mountains_Peaks

Siwalik Hills


โ–ช๏ธAlso known as Churia Hills

โ–ช๏ธIn some Sanskrit texts, the region is called Manak Parbat.

โ–ช๏ธSivalik region is home to the Soanian archaeological culture

โ–ช๏ธThey have many subranges and extend west from Arunachal Pradesh through Bhutan to West Bengal, and further westward through Nepal (here known as Churia Hills) and Uttarakhand, continuing into Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir. 

โ–ช๏ธPeople of the Lepcha tribe inhabit the Sikkim and Darjeeling areas.

โ–ช๏ธ The Indian Navy's Shivalik-class frigate is named after these ranges.

Learn Important rivers passing through the siwalik Hills

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