2023-05-24
2542. Maximum Subsequence Score

Topic: Array, Greedy, Sorting, Heap (Priority Queue)
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given two 0-indexed integer arrays nums1 and nums2 of equal length n and a positive integer k. You must choose a subsequence of indices from nums1 of length k.

For chosen indices i_0, i_1, ..., i_k - 1, your score is defined as:

• The sum of the selected elements from nums1 multiplied with the minimum of the selected elements from nums2.
• It can defined simply as: (nums1[i_0] + nums1[i_1] +...+ nums1[i_k - 1]) * min(nums2[i_0] , nums2[i_1], ... ,nums2[i_k - 1]).

Return the maximum possible score.

A subsequence of indices of an array is a set that can be derived from the set {0, 1, ..., n-1} by deleting some or no elements.

Example 1:

Input: nums1 = [1,3,3,2], nums2 = [2,1,3,4], k = 3
Output: 12
Explanation: 
The four possible subsequence scores are:
- We choose the indices 0, 1, and 2 with score = (1+3+3) * min(2,1,3) = 7.
- We choose the indices 0, 1, and 3 with score = (1+3+2) * min(2,1,4) = 6. 
- We choose the indices 0, 2, and 3 with score = (1+3+2) * min(2,3,4) = 12. 
- We choose the indices 1, 2, and 3 with score = (3+3+2) * min(1,3,4) = 8.
Therefore, we return the max score, which is 12.

Example 2:

Input: nums1 = [4,2,3,1,1], nums2 = [7,5,10,9,6], k = 1
Output: 30
Explanation: 
Choosing index 2 is optimal: nums1[2] * nums2[2] = 3 * 10 = 30 is the maximum possible score.

Constraints:

• n == nums1.length == nums2.length
• 1 <= n <= 10^5
• 0 <= nums1[i], nums2[j] <= 10^5
• 1 <= k <= n

2023-05-25
837. New 21 Game

Topic: Math, Dynamic Programming, Sliding Window, Probability and Statistics
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Alice plays the following game, loosely based on the card game "21".

Alice starts with 0 points and draws numbers while she has less than k points. During each draw, she gains an integer number of points randomly from the range [1, maxPts], where maxPts is an integer. Each draw is independent and the outcomes have equal probabilities.

Alice stops drawing numbers when she gets k or more points.

Return the probability that Alice has n or fewer points.

Answers within 10^-5 of the actual answer are considered accepted.

Example 1:

Input: n = 10, k = 1, maxPts = 10
Output: 1.00000
Explanation: Alice gets a single card, then stops.

Example 2:

Input: n = 6, k = 1, maxPts = 10
Output: 0.60000
Explanation: Alice gets a single card, then stops.
In 6 out of 10 possibilities, she is at or below 6 points.

Example 3:

Input: n = 21, k = 17, maxPts = 10
Output: 0.73278

Constraints:

• 0 <= k <= n <= 10^4
• 1 <= maxPts <= 10^4

2023-05-26
1140. Stone Game II

Topic: Array, Math, Dynamic Programming, Game Theory
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Alice and Bob continue their games with piles of stones.  There are a number of piles arranged in a row, and each pile has a positive integer number of stones piles[i].  The objective of the game is to end with the most stones. 

Alice and Bob take turns, with Alice starting first.  Initially, M = 1.

On each player's turn, that player can take all the stones in the first X remaining piles, where 1 <= X <= 2M.  Then, we set M = max(M, X).

The game continues until all the stones have been taken.

Assuming Alice and Bob play optimally, return the maximum number of stones Alice can get.

Example 1:

Input: piles = [2,7,9,4,4]
Output: 10
Explanation:  If Alice takes one pile at the beginning, Bob takes two piles, then Alice takes 2 piles again. Alice can get 2 + 4 + 4 = 10 piles in total. If Alice takes two piles at the beginning, then Bob can take all three piles left. In this case, Alice get 2 + 7 = 9 piles in total. So we return 10 since it's larger.

Example 2:

Input: piles = [1,2,3,4,5,100]
Output: 104

Constraints:

• 1 <= piles.length <= 100
• 1 <= piles[i] <= 10^4

2023-05-27
1406. Stone Game III

Topic: Array, Math, Dynamic Programming, Game Theory
Difficulty: Hard

Problem:
Alice and Bob continue their games with piles of stones. There are several stones arranged in a row, and each stone has an associated value which is an integer given in the array stoneValue.

Alice and Bob take turns, with Alice starting first. On each player's turn, that player can take 1, 2, or 3 stones from the first remaining stones in the row.

The score of each player is the sum of the values of the stones taken. The score of each player is 0 initially.

The objective of the game is to end with the highest score, and the winner is the player with the highest score and there could be a tie. The game continues until all the stones have been taken.

Assume Alice and Bob play optimally.

Return "Alice" if Alice will win, "Bob" if Bob will win, or "Tie" if they will end the game with the same score.

Example 1:

Input: values = [1,2,3,7]
Output: "Bob"
Explanation: Alice will always lose. Her best move will be to take three piles and the score become 6. Now the score of Bob is 7 and Bob wins.

Example 2:

Input: values = [1,2,3,-9]
Output: "Alice"
Explanation: Alice must choose all the three piles at the first move to win and leave Bob with negative score.
If Alice chooses one pile her score will be 1 and the next move Bob's score becomes 5. In the next move, Alice will take the pile with value = -9 and lose.
If Alice chooses two piles her score will be 3 and the next move Bob's score becomes 3. In the next move, Alice will take the pile with value = -9 and also lose.
Remember that both play optimally so here Alice will choose the scenario that makes her win.

Example 3:

Input: values = [1,2,3,6]
Output: "Tie"
Explanation: Alice cannot win this game. She can end the game in a draw if she decided to choose all the first three piles, otherwise she will lose.

Constraints:

• 1 <= stoneValue.length <= 5 * 10^4
• -1000 <= stoneValue[i] <= 1000

2023-05-28
1547. Minimum Cost to Cut a Stick

Topic: Array, Dynamic Programming, Sorting
Difficulty: Hard

Problem:
Given a wooden stick of length n units. The stick is labelled from 0 to n. For example, a stick of length 6 is labelled as follows:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/07/21/statement.jpg

Given an integer array cuts where cuts[i] denotes a position you should perform a cut at.

You should perform the cuts in order, you can change the order of the cuts as you wish.

The cost of one cut is the length of the stick to be cut, the total cost is the sum of costs of all cuts. When you cut a stick, it will be split into two smaller sticks (i.e. the sum of their lengths is the length of the stick before the cut). Please refer to the first example for a better explanation.

Return the minimum total cost of the cuts.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/07/23/e1.jpg

Input: n = 7, cuts = [1,3,4,5]
Output: 16
Explanation: Using cuts order = [1, 3, 4, 5] as in the input leads to the following scenario:

Image: [https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/07/21/e11.jpg](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/07/21/e11.jpg)

The first cut is done to a rod of length 7 so the cost is 7. The second cut is done to a rod of length 6 (i.e. the second part of the first cut), the third is done to a rod of length 4 and the last cut is to a rod of length 3. The total cost is 7 + 6 + 4 + 3 = 20.
Rearranging the cuts to be [3, 5, 1, 4] for example will lead to a scenario with total cost = 16 (as shown in the example photo 7 + 4 + 3 + 2 = 16).

Example 2:

Input: n = 9, cuts = [5,6,1,4,2]
Output: 22
Explanation: If you try the given cuts ordering the cost will be 25.
There are much ordering with total cost <= 25, for example, the order [4, 6, 5, 2, 1] has total cost = 22 which is the minimum possible.

Constraints:

• 2 <= n <= 10^6
• 1 <= cuts.length <= min(n - 1, 100)
• 1 <= cuts[i] <= n - 1
• All the integers in cuts array are distinct.

2023-05-29
1603. Design Parking System

Topic: Design, Simulation, Counting
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
Design a parking system for a parking lot. The parking lot has three kinds of parking spaces: big, medium, and small, with a fixed number of slots for each size.

Implement the ParkingSystem class:

• ParkingSystem(int big, int medium, int small) Initializes object of the ParkingSystem class. The number of slots for each parking space are given as part of the constructor.
• bool addCar(int carType) Checks whether there is a parking space of carType for the car that wants to get into the parking lot. carType can be of three kinds: big, medium, or small, which are represented by 1, 2, and 3 respectively. A car can only park in a parking space of its carType. If there is no space available, return false, else park the car in that size space and return true.

Example 1:

Input
["ParkingSystem", "addCar", "addCar", "addCar", "addCar"]
[[1, 1, 0], [1], [2], [3], [1]]
Output
[null, true, true, false, false]

Explanation
ParkingSystem parkingSystem = new ParkingSystem(1, 1, 0);
parkingSystem.addCar(1); // return true because there is 1 available slot for a big car
parkingSystem.addCar(2); // return true because there is 1 available slot for a medium car
parkingSystem.addCar(3); // return false because there is no available slot for a small car
parkingSystem.addCar(1); // return false because there is no available slot for a big car. It is already occupied.

Constraints:

• 0 <= big, medium, small <= 1000
• carType is 1, 2, or 3
• At most 1000 calls will be made to addCar

2023-05-30
705. Design HashSet

Topic: Array, Hash Table, Linked List, Design, Hash Function
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
Design a HashSet without using any built-in hash table libraries.

Implement MyHashSet class:

• void add(key) Inserts the value key into the HashSet.
• bool contains(key) Returns whether the value key exists in the HashSet or not.
• void remove(key) Removes the value key in the HashSet. If key does not exist in the HashSet, do nothing.

Example 1:

Input
["MyHashSet", "add", "add", "contains", "contains", "add", "contains", "remove", "contains"]
[[], [1], [2], [1], [3], [2], [2], [2], [2]]
Output
[null, null, null, true, false, null, true, null, false]

Explanation
MyHashSet myHashSet = new MyHashSet();
myHashSet.add(1);      // set = [1]
myHashSet.add(2);      // set = [1, 2]
myHashSet.contains(1); // return True
myHashSet.contains(3); // return False, (not found)
myHashSet.add(2);      // set = [1, 2]
myHashSet.contains(2); // return True
myHashSet.remove(2);   // set = [1]
myHashSet.contains(2); // return False, (already removed)

Constraints:

• 0 <= key <= 10^6
• At most 10^4 calls will be made to add, remove, and contains.

2023-06-01
1091. Shortest Path in Binary Matrix

Topic: Array, Breadth-First Search, Matrix
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Given an n x n binary matrix grid, return the length of the shortest clear path in the matrix. If there is no clear path, return -1.

A clear path in a binary matrix is a path from the top-left cell (i.e., (0, 0)) to the bottom-right cell (i.e., (n - 1, n - 1)) such that:

• All the visited cells of the path are 0.
• All the adjacent cells of the path are 8-directionally connected (i.e., they are different and they share an edge or a corner).

The length of a clear path is the number of visited cells of this path.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/02/18/example1_1.png

Input: grid = [[0,1],[1,0]]
Output: 2

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/02/18/example2_1.png

Input: grid = [[0,0,0],[1,1,0],[1,1,0]]
Output: 4

Example 3:

Input: grid = [[1,0,0],[1,1,0],[1,1,0]]
Output: -1

Constraints:

• n == grid.length
• n == grid[i].length
• 1 <= n <= 100
• grid[i][j] is 0 or 1

2023-06-02
2101. Detonate the Maximum Bombs

Topic: Array, Math, Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Graph, Geometry
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given a list of bombs. The range of a bomb is defined as the area where its effect can be felt. This area is in the shape of a circle with the center as the location of the bomb.

The bombs are represented by a 0-indexed 2D integer array bombs where bombs[i] = [x_i, y_i, r_i]. x_i and y_i denote the X-coordinate and Y-coordinate of the location of the i^th bomb, whereas r_i denotes the radius of its range.

You may choose to detonate a single bomb. When a bomb is detonated, it will detonate all bombs that lie in its range. These bombs will further detonate the bombs that lie in their ranges.

Given the list of bombs, return the maximum number of bombs that can be detonated if you are allowed to detonate only one bomb.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/11/06/desmos-eg-3.png

Input: bombs = [[2,1,3],[6,1,4]]
Output: 2
Explanation:
The above figure shows the positions and ranges of the 2 bombs.
If we detonate the left bomb, the right bomb will not be affected.
But if we detonate the right bomb, both bombs will be detonated.
So the maximum bombs that can be detonated is max(1, 2) = 2.

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/11/06/desmos-eg-2.png

Input: bombs = [[1,1,5],[10,10,5]]
Output: 1
Explanation:
Detonating either bomb will not detonate the other bomb, so the maximum number of bombs that can be detonated is 1.

Example 3:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/11/07/desmos-eg1.png

Input: bombs = [[1,2,3],[2,3,1],[3,4,2],[4,5,3],[5,6,4]]
Output: 5
Explanation:
The best bomb to detonate is bomb 0 because:
- Bomb 0 detonates bombs 1 and 2. The red circle denotes the range of bomb 0.
- Bomb 2 detonates bomb 3. The blue circle denotes the range of bomb 2.
- Bomb 3 detonates bomb 4. The green circle denotes the range of bomb 3.
Thus all 5 bombs are detonated.

Constraints:

• 1 <= bombs.length <= 100
• bombs[i].length == 3
• 1 <= x_i, y_i, r_i <= 10^5

2023-06-03
1376. Time Needed to Inform All Employees

Topic: Tree, Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
A company has n employees with a unique ID for each employee from 0 to n - 1. The head of the company is the one with headID.

Each employee has one direct manager given in the manager array where manager[i] is the direct manager of the i-th employee, manager[headID] = -1. Also, it is guaranteed that the subordination relationships have a tree structure.

The head of the company wants to inform all the company employees of an urgent piece of news. He will inform his direct subordinates, and they will inform their subordinates, and so on until all employees know about the urgent news.

The i-th employee needs informTime[i] minutes to inform all of his direct subordinates (i.e., After informTimei minutes, all his direct subordinates can start spreading the news).

Return the number of minutes needed to inform all the employees about the urgent news.

Example 1:

Input: n = 1, headID = 0, manager = [-1], informTime = [0]
Output: 0
Explanation: The head of the company is the only employee in the company.

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/02/27/graph.png

Input: n = 6, headID = 2, manager = [2,2,-1,2,2,2], informTime = [0,0,1,0,0,0]
Output: 1
Explanation: The head of the company with id = 2 is the direct manager of all the employees in the company and needs 1 minute to inform them all.
The tree structure of the employees in the company is shown.

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= 10^5
• 0 <= headID < n
• manager.length == n
• 0 <= manager[i] < n
• manager[headID] == -1
• informTime.length == n
• 0 <= informTime[i] <= 1000
• informTime[i] == 0 if employee i has no subordinates.
• It is guaranteed that all the employees can be informed.

2023-06-04
547. Number of Provinces

Topic: Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Union Find, Graph
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
There are n cities. Some of them are connected, while some are not. If city a is connected directly with city b, and city b is connected directly with city c, then city a is connected indirectly with city c.

A province is a group of directly or indirectly connected cities and no other cities outside of the group.

You are given an n x n matrix isConnected where isConnected[i][j] = 1 if the i^th city and the j^th city are directly connected, and isConnected[i][j] = 0 otherwise.

Return the total number of provinces.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/12/24/graph1.jpg

Input: isConnected = [[1,1,0],[1,1,0],[0,0,1]]
Output: 2

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/12/24/graph2.jpg

Input: isConnected = [[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]]
Output: 3

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= 200
• n == isConnected.length
• n == isConnected[i].length
• isConnected[i][j] is 1 or 0.
• isConnected[i][i] == 1
• isConnected[i][j] == isConnected[j][i]

2023-06-05
1232. Check If It Is a Straight Line

Topic: Array, Math, Geometry
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
You are given an array coordinates, coordinates[i] = [x, y], where [x, y] represents the coordinate of a point. Check if these points make a straight line in the XY plane.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2019/10/15/untitled-diagram-2.jpg

Input: coordinates = [[1,2],[2,3],[3,4],[4,5],[5,6],[6,7]]
Output: true

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2019/10/09/untitled-diagram-1.jpg

Input: coordinates = [[1,1],[2,2],[3,4],[4,5],[5,6],[7,7]]
Output: false

Constraints:

• 2 <= coordinates.length <= 1000
• coordinates[i].length == 2
• -10^4 <= coordinates[i][0], coordinates[i][1] <= 10^4
• coordinates contains no duplicate point.

2023-06-06
1502. Can Make Arithmetic Progression From Sequence

Topic: Array, Sorting
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
A sequence of numbers is called an arithmetic progression if the difference between any two consecutive elements is the same.

Given an array of numbers arr, return true if the array can be rearranged to form an arithmetic progression. Otherwise, return false.

Example 1:

Input: arr = [3,5,1]
Output: true
Explanation: We can reorder the elements as [1,3,5] or [5,3,1] with differences 2 and -2 respectively, between each consecutive elements.

Example 2:

Input: arr = [1,2,4]
Output: false
Explanation: There is no way to reorder the elements to obtain an arithmetic progression.

Constraints:

• 2 <= arr.length <= 1000
• -10^6 <= arr[i] <= 10^6

2023-06-07
1318. Minimum Flips to Make a OR b Equal to c

Topic: Bit Manipulation
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Given 3 positives numbers a, b and c. Return the minimum flips required in some bits of a and b to make ( a OR b == c ). (bitwise OR operation).

Flip operation consists of change any single bit 1 to 0 or change the bit 0 to 1 in their binary representation.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/01/06/sample_3_1676.png

Input: a = 2, b = 6, c = 5
Output: 3
Explanation: After flips a = 1 , b = 4 , c = 5 such that (a OR b == c)

Example 2:

Input: a = 4, b = 2, c = 7
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
Output: 0

Constraints:

• 1 <= a <= 10^9
• 1 <= b <= 10^9
• 1 <= c <= 10^9

2023-06-08
1351. Count Negative Numbers in a Sorted Matrix

Topic: Array, Binary Search, Matrix
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
Given a m x n matrix grid which is sorted in non-increasing order both row-wise and column-wise, return the number of negative numbers in grid.

Example 1:

Input: grid = [[4,3,2,-1],[3,2,1,-1],[1,1,-1,-2],[-1,-1,-2,-3]]
Output: 8
Explanation: There are 8 negatives number in the matrix.

Example 2:

Input: grid = [[3,2],[1,0]]
Output: 0

Constraints:

• m == grid.length
• n == grid[i].length
• 1 <= m, n <= 100
• -100 <= grid[i][j] <= 100

Follow up: Could you find an O(n + m) solution?

2023-06-09
744. Find Smallest Letter Greater Than Target

Topic: Array, Binary Search
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
You are given an array of characters letters that is sorted in non-decreasing order, and a character target. There are at least two different characters in letters.

Return the smallest character in letters that is lexicographically greater than target. If such a character does not exist, return the first character in letters.

Example 1:

Input: letters = ["c","f","j"], target = "a"
Output: "c"
Explanation: The smallest character that is lexicographically greater than 'a' in letters is 'c'.

Example 2:

Input: letters = ["c","f","j"], target = "c"
Output: "f"
Explanation: The smallest character that is lexicographically greater than 'c' in letters is 'f'.

Example 3:

Input: letters = ["x","x","y","y"], target = "z"
Output: "x"
Explanation: There are no characters in letters that is lexicographically greater than 'z' so we return letters[0].

Constraints:

• 2 <= letters.length <= 10^4
• letters[i] is a lowercase English letter.
• letters is sorted in non-decreasing order.
• letters contains at least two different characters.
• target is a lowercase English letter.

2023-06-10
1802. Maximum Value at a Given Index in a Bounded Array

Topic: Binary Search, Greedy
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given three positive integers: n, index, and maxSum. You want to construct an array nums (0-indexed) that satisfies the following conditions:

• nums.length == n
• nums[i] is a positive integer where 0 <= i < n.
• abs(nums[i] - nums[i+1]) <= 1 where 0 <= i < n-1.
• The sum of all the elements of nums does not exceed maxSum.
• nums[index] is maximized.

Return nums[index] of the constructed array.

Note that abs(x) equals x if x >= 0, and -x otherwise.

Example 1:

Input: n = 4, index = 2,  maxSum = 6
Output: 2
Explanation: nums = [1,2,2,1] is one array that satisfies all the conditions.
There are no arrays that satisfy all the conditions and have nums[2] == 3, so 2 is the maximum nums[2].

Example 2:

Input: n = 6, index = 1,  maxSum = 10
Output: 3

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= maxSum <= 10^9
• 0 <= index < n

2023-06-11
1146. Snapshot Array

Topic: Array, Hash Table, Binary Search, Design
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Implement a SnapshotArray that supports the following interface:

• SnapshotArray(int length) initializes an array-like data structure with the given length. Initially, each element equals 0.
• void set(index, val) sets the element at the given index to be equal to val.
• int snap() takes a snapshot of the array and returns the snap_id: the total number of times we called snap() minus 1.
• int get(index, snap_id) returns the value at the given index, at the time we took the snapshot with the given snap_id

Example 1:

Input: ["SnapshotArray","set","snap","set","get"]
[[3],[0,5],[],[0,6],[0,0]]
Output: [null,null,0,null,5]
Explanation: 
SnapshotArray snapshotArr = new SnapshotArray(3); // set the length to be 3
snapshotArr.set(0,5);  // Set array[0] = 5
snapshotArr.snap();  // Take a snapshot, return snap_id = 0
snapshotArr.set(0,6);
snapshotArr.get(0,0);  // Get the value of array[0] with snap_id = 0, return 5

Constraints:

• 1 <= length <= 5 * 10^4
• 0 <= index < length
• 0 <= val <= 10^9
• 0 <= snap_id < (the total number of times we call snap())
• At most 5 * 10^4 calls will be made to set, snap, and get.

2023-06-12
228. Summary Ranges

Topic: Array
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
You are given a sorted unique integer array nums.

A range [a,b] is the set of all integers from a to b (inclusive).

Return the smallest sorted list of ranges that cover all the numbers in the array exactly. That is, each element of nums is covered by exactly one of the ranges, and there is no integer x such that x is in one of the ranges but not in nums.

Each range [a,b] in the list should be output as:

• "a->b" if a != b
• "a" if a == b

Example 1:

Input: nums = [0,1,2,4,5,7]
Output: ["0->2","4->5","7"]
Explanation: The ranges are:
[0,2] --> "0->2"
[4,5] --> "4->5"
[7,7] --> "7"

Example 2:

Input: nums = [0,2,3,4,6,8,9]
Output: ["0","2->4","6","8->9"]
Explanation: The ranges are:
[0,0] --> "0"
[2,4] --> "2->4"
[6,6] --> "6"
[8,9] --> "8->9"

Constraints:

• 0 <= nums.length <= 20
• -2^31 <= nums[i] <= 2^31 - 1
• All the values of nums are unique.
• nums is sorted in ascending order.

2023-06-13
2352. Equal Row and Column Pairs

Topic: Array, Hash Table, Matrix, Simulation
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Given a 0-indexed n x n integer matrix grid, return the number of pairs (r_i, c_j) such that row r_i and column c_j are equal.

A row and column pair is considered equal if they contain the same elements in the same order (i.e., an equal array).

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2022/06/01/ex1.jpg

Input: grid = [[3,2,1],[1,7,6],[2,7,7]]
Output: 1
Explanation: There is 1 equal row and column pair:
- (Row 2, Column 1): [2,7,7]

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2022/06/01/ex2.jpg

Input: grid = [[3,1,2,2],[1,4,4,5],[2,4,2,2],[2,4,2,2]]
Output: 3
Explanation: There are 3 equal row and column pairs:
- (Row 0, Column 0): [3,1,2,2]
- (Row 2, Column 2): [2,4,2,2]
- (Row 3, Column 2): [2,4,2,2]

Constraints:

• n == grid.length == grid[i].length
• 1 <= n <= 200
• 1 <= grid[i][j] <= 10^5