2025-10-01
1518. Water Bottles

Topic: Math, Simulation
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
There are numBottles water bottles that are initially full of water. You can exchange numExchange empty water bottles from the market with one full water bottle.

The operation of drinking a full water bottle turns it into an empty bottle.

Given the two integers numBottles and numExchange, return the maximum number of water bottles you can drink.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/07/01/sample_1_1875.png

Input: numBottles = 9, numExchange = 3
Output: 13
Explanation: You can exchange 3 empty bottles to get 1 full water bottle.
Number of water bottles you can drink: 9 + 3 + 1 = 13.

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/07/01/sample_2_1875.png

Input: numBottles = 15, numExchange = 4
Output: 19
Explanation: You can exchange 4 empty bottles to get 1 full water bottle. 
Number of water bottles you can drink: 15 + 3 + 1 = 19.

Constraints:

• 1 <= numBottles <= 100
• 2 <= numExchange <= 100

2025-10-02
3100. Water Bottles II

Topic: Math, Simulation
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given two integers numBottles and numExchange.

numBottles represents the number of full water bottles that you initially have. In one operation, you can perform one of the following operations:

• Drink any number of full water bottles turning them into empty bottles.
• Exchange numExchange empty bottles with one full water bottle. Then, increase numExchange by one.

Note that you cannot exchange multiple batches of empty bottles for the same value of numExchange. For example, if numBottles == 3 and numExchange == 1, you cannot exchange 3 empty water bottles for 3 full bottles.

Return the maximum number of water bottles you can drink.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2024/01/28/exampleone1.png

Input: numBottles = 13, numExchange = 6
Output: 15
Explanation: The table above shows the number of full water bottles, empty water bottles, the value of numExchange, and the number of bottles drunk.

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2024/01/28/example231.png

Input: numBottles = 10, numExchange = 3
Output: 13
Explanation: The table above shows the number of full water bottles, empty water bottles, the value of numExchange, and the number of bottles drunk.

Constraints:

• 1 <= numBottles <= 100
• 1 <= numExchange <= 100

2025-10-03
407. Trapping Rain Water II

Topic: Array, Breadth-First Search, Heap (Priority Queue), Matrix
Difficulty: Hard

Problem:
Given an m x n integer matrix heightMap representing the height of each unit cell in a 2D elevation map, return the volume of water it can trap after raining.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/04/08/trap1-3d.jpg

Input: heightMap = [[1,4,3,1,3,2],[3,2,1,3,2,4],[2,3,3,2,3,1]]
Output: 4
Explanation: After the rain, water is trapped between the blocks.
We have two small ponds 1 and 3 units trapped.
The total volume of water trapped is 4.

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/04/08/trap2-3d.jpg

Input: heightMap = [[3,3,3,3,3],[3,2,2,2,3],[3,2,1,2,3],[3,2,2,2,3],[3,3,3,3,3]]
Output: 10

Constraints:

• m == heightMap.length
• n == heightMap[i].length
• 1 <= m, n <= 200
• 0 <= heightMap[i][j] <= 2 * 10^4

2025-10-04
11. Container With Most Water

Topic: Array, Two Pointers, Greedy
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given an integer array height of length n. There are n vertical lines drawn such that the two endpoints of the i^th line are (i, 0) and (i, height[i]).

Find two lines that together with the x-axis form a container, such that the container contains the most water.

Return the maximum amount of water a container can store.

Notice that you may not slant the container.

Example 1:

Image: https://s3-lc-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2018/07/17/question_11.jpg

Input: height = [1,8,6,2,5,4,8,3,7]
Output: 49
Explanation: The above vertical lines are represented by array [1,8,6,2,5,4,8,3,7]. In this case, the max area of water (blue section) the container can contain is 49.

Example 2:

Input: height = [1,1]
Output: 1

Constraints:

• n == height.length
• 2 <= n <= 10^5
• 0 <= height[i] <= 10^4

2025-10-05
417. Pacific Atlantic Water Flow

Topic: Array, Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Matrix
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
There is an m x n rectangular island that borders both the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean touches the island's left and top edges, and the Atlantic Ocean touches the island's right and bottom edges.

The island is partitioned into a grid of square cells. You are given an m x n integer matrix heights where heights[r][c] represents the height above sea level of the cell at coordinate (r, c).

The island receives a lot of rain, and the rain water can flow to neighboring cells directly north, south, east, and west if the neighboring cell's height is less than or equal to the current cell's height. Water can flow from any cell adjacent to an ocean into the ocean.

Return a 2D list of grid coordinates result where result[i] = [r_i, c_i] denotes that rain water can flow from cell (r_i, c_i) to both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/06/08/waterflow-grid.jpg

Input: heights = [[1,2,2,3,5],[3,2,3,4,4],[2,4,5,3,1],[6,7,1,4,5],[5,1,1,2,4]]
Output: [[0,4],[1,3],[1,4],[2,2],[3,0],[3,1],[4,0]]
Explanation: The following cells can flow to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, as shown below:
[0,4]: [0,4] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [0,4] -> Atlantic Ocean
[1,3]: [1,3] -> [0,3] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [1,3] -> [1,4] -> Atlantic Ocean
[1,4]: [1,4] -> [1,3] -> [0,3] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [1,4] -> Atlantic Ocean
[2,2]: [2,2] -> [1,2] -> [0,2] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [2,2] -> [2,3] -> [2,4] -> Atlantic Ocean
[3,0]: [3,0] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [3,0] -> [4,0] -> Atlantic Ocean
[3,1]: [3,1] -> [3,0] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [3,1] -> [4,1] -> Atlantic Ocean
[4,0]: [4,0] -> Pacific Ocean 
       [4,0] -> Atlantic Ocean
Note that there are other possible paths for these cells to flow to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Example 2:

Input: heights = [[1]]
Output: [[0,0]]
Explanation: The water can flow from the only cell to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Constraints:

• m == heights.length
• n == heights[r].length
• 1 <= m, n <= 200
• 0 <= heights[r][c] <= 10^5

2025-10-06
778. Swim in Rising Water

Topic: Array, Binary Search, Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Union Find, Heap (Priority Queue), Matrix
Difficulty: Hard

Problem:
You are given an n x n integer matrix grid where each value grid[i][j] represents the elevation at that point (i, j).

It starts raining, and water gradually rises over time. At time t, the water level is t, meaning any cell with elevation less than equal to t is submerged or reachable.

You can swim from a square to another 4-directionally adjacent square if and only if the elevation of both squares individually are at most t. You can swim infinite distances in zero time. Of course, you must stay within the boundaries of the grid during your swim.

Return the minimum time until you can reach the bottom right square (n - 1, n - 1) if you start at the top left square (0, 0).

Example 1:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/06/29/swim1-grid.jpg

Input: grid = [[0,2],[1,3]]
Output: 3
Explanation:
At time 0, you are in grid location (0, 0).
You cannot go anywhere else because 4-directionally adjacent neighbors have a higher elevation than t = 0.
You cannot reach point (1, 1) until time 3.
When the depth of water is 3, we can swim anywhere inside the grid.

Example 2:

Image: https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/06/29/swim2-grid-1.jpg

Input: grid = [[0,1,2,3,4],[24,23,22,21,5],[12,13,14,15,16],[11,17,18,19,20],[10,9,8,7,6]]
Output: 16
Explanation: The final route is shown.
We need to wait until time 16 so that (0, 0) and (4, 4) are connected.

Constraints:

• n == grid.length
• n == grid[i].length
• 1 <= n <= 50
• 0 <= grid[i][j] < n^2
• Each value grid[i][j] is unique.

2025-10-07
1488. Avoid Flood in The City

Topic: Array, Hash Table, Binary Search, Greedy, Heap (Priority Queue)
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Your country has an infinite number of lakes. Initially, all the lakes are empty, but when it rains over the nth lake, the nth lake becomes full of water. If it rains over a lake that is full of water, there will be a flood. Your goal is to avoid floods in any lake.

Given an integer array rains where:

• rains[i] > 0 means there will be rains over the rains[i] lake.
• rains[i] == 0 means there are no rains this day and you can choose one lake this day and dry it.

Return an array ans where:

• ans.length == rains.length
• ans[i] == -1 if rains[i] > 0.
• ans[i] is the lake you choose to dry in the ith day if rains[i] == 0.

If there are multiple valid answers return any of them. If it is impossible to avoid flood return an empty array.

Notice that if you chose to dry a full lake, it becomes empty, but if you chose to dry an empty lake, nothing changes.

Example 1:

Input: rains = [1,2,3,4]
Output: [-1,-1,-1,-1]
Explanation: After the first day full lakes are [1]
After the second day full lakes are [1,2]
After the third day full lakes are [1,2,3]
After the fourth day full lakes are [1,2,3,4]
There's no day to dry any lake and there is no flood in any lake.

Example 2:

Input: rains = [1,2,0,0,2,1]
Output: [-1,-1,2,1,-1,-1]
Explanation: After the first day full lakes are [1]
After the second day full lakes are [1,2]
After the third day, we dry lake 2. Full lakes are [1]
After the fourth day, we dry lake 1. There is no full lakes.
After the fifth day, full lakes are [2].
After the sixth day, full lakes are [1,2].
It is easy that this scenario is flood-free. [-1,-1,1,2,-1,-1] is another acceptable scenario.

Example 3:

Input: rains = [1,2,0,1,2]
Output: []
Explanation: After the second day, full lakes are  [1,2]. We have to dry one lake in the third day.
After that, it will rain over lakes [1,2]. It's easy to prove that no matter which lake you choose to dry in the 3rd day, the other one will flood.

Constraints:

• 1 <= rains.length <= 10^5
• 0 <= rains[i] <= 10^9

2025-10-08
2300. Successful Pairs of Spells and Potions

Topic: Array, Two Pointers, Binary Search, Sorting
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given two positive integer arrays spells and potions, of length n and m respectively, where spells[i] represents the strength of the i^th spell and potions[j] represents the strength of the j^th potion.

You are also given an integer success. A spell and potion pair is considered successful if the product of their strengths is at least success.

Return an integer array pairs of length n where pairs[i] is the number of potions that will form a successful pair with the i^th spell.

Example 1:

Input: spells = [5,1,3], potions = [1,2,3,4,5], success = 7
Output: [4,0,3]
Explanation:
- 0^th spell: 5 * [1,2,3,4,5] = [5,10,15,20,25]. 4 pairs are successful.
- 1^st spell: 1 * [1,2,3,4,5] = [1,2,3,4,5]. 0 pairs are successful.
- 2^nd spell: 3 * [1,2,3,4,5] = [3,6,9,12,15]. 3 pairs are successful.
Thus, [4,0,3] is returned.

Example 2:

Input: spells = [3,1,2], potions = [8,5,8], success = 16
Output: [2,0,2]
Explanation:
- 0^th spell: 3 * [8,5,8] = [24,15,24]. 2 pairs are successful.
- 1^st spell: 1 * [8,5,8] = [8,5,8]. 0 pairs are successful. 
- 2^nd spell: 2 * [8,5,8] = [16,10,16]. 2 pairs are successful. 
Thus, [2,0,2] is returned.

Constraints:

• n == spells.length
• m == potions.length
• 1 <= n, m <= 10^5
• 1 <= spells[i], potions[i] <= 10^5
• 1 <= success <= 10^10

2025-10-09
3494. Find the Minimum Amount of Time to Brew Potions

Topic: Array, Simulation, Prefix Sum
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given two integer arrays, skill and mana, of length n and m, respectively.

In a laboratory, n wizards must brew m potions in order. Each potion has a mana capacity mana[j] and must pass through all the wizards sequentially to be brewed properly. The time taken by the i^th wizard on the j^th potion is time_ij = skill[i] * mana[j].

Since the brewing process is delicate, a potion must be passed to the next wizard immediately after the current wizard completes their work. This means the timing must be synchronized so that each wizard begins working on a potion exactly when it arrives. ​

Return the minimum amount of time required for the potions to be brewed properly.

Example 1:

Input: skill = 1,5,2,4, mana = 5,1,4,2

Output: 110

Explanation:

Potion NumberStart timeWizard 0 done byWizard 1 done byWizard 2 done byWizard 3 done by005304060152535860642545878861023868898102110
As an example for why wizard 0 cannot start working on the 1^st potion before time t = 52, consider the case where the wizards started preparing the 1^st potion at time t = 50. At time t = 58, wizard 2 is done with the 1^st potion, but wizard 3 will still be working on the 0^th potion till time t = 60.

Example 2:

Input: skill = 1,1,1, mana = 1,1,1

Output: 5

Explanation:

1. Preparation of the 0^th potion begins at time t = 0, and is completed by time t = 3.
2. Preparation of the 1^st potion begins at time t = 1, and is completed by time t = 4.
3. Preparation of the 2^nd potion begins at time t = 2, and is completed by time t = 5.

Example 3:

Input: skill = 1,2,3,4, mana = 1,2

Output: 21

Constraints:

• n == skill.length
• m == mana.length
• 1 <= n, m <= 5000
• 1 <= mana[i], skill[i] <= 5000

2025-10-10
3147. Taking Maximum Energy From the Mystic Dungeon

Topic: Array, Prefix Sum
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
In a mystic dungeon, n magicians are standing in a line. Each magician has an attribute that gives you energy. Some magicians can give you negative energy, which means taking energy from you.

You have been cursed in such a way that after absorbing energy from magician i, you will be instantly transported to magician (i + k). This process will be repeated until you reach the magician where (i + k) does not exist.

In other words, you will choose a starting point and then teleport with k jumps until you reach the end of the magicians' sequence, absorbing all the energy during the journey.

You are given an array energy and an integer k. Return the maximum possible energy you can gain.

Note that when you are reach a magician, you must take energy from them, whether it is negative or positive energy.

Example 1:

Input: energy = 5,2,-10,-5,1, k = 3

Output: 3

Explanation: We can gain a total energy of 3 by starting from magician 1 absorbing 2 + 1 = 3.

Example 2:

Input: energy = -2,-3,-1, k = 2

Output: -1

Explanation: We can gain a total energy of -1 by starting from magician 2.

Constraints:

• 1 <= energy.length <= 10^5
• -1000 <= energy[i] <= 1000
• 1 <= k <= energy.length - 1

​​​​​​

2025-10-11
3186. Maximum Total Damage With Spell Casting

Topic: Array, Hash Table, Two Pointers, Binary Search, Dynamic Programming, Sorting, Counting
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
A magician has various spells.

You are given an array power, where each element represents the damage of a spell. Multiple spells can have the same damage value.

It is a known fact that if a magician decides to cast a spell with a damage of power[i], they cannot cast any spell with a damage of power[i] - 2, power[i] - 1, power[i] + 1, or power[i] + 2.

Each spell can be cast only once.

Return the maximum possible total damage that a magician can cast.

Example 1:

Input: power = 1,1,3,4

Output: 6

Explanation:

The maximum possible damage of 6 is produced by casting spells 0, 1, 3 with damage 1, 1, 4.

Example 2:

Input: power = 7,1,6,6

Output: 13

Explanation:

The maximum possible damage of 13 is produced by casting spells 1, 2, 3 with damage 1, 6, 6.

Constraints:

• 1 <= power.length <= 10^5
• 1 <= power[i] <= 10^9

2025-10-12
3539. Find Sum of Array Product of Magical Sequences

Topic: Array, Math, Dynamic Programming, Bit Manipulation, Combinatorics, Bitmask
Difficulty: Hard

Problem:
You are given two integers, m and k, and an integer array nums.

A sequence of integers seq is called magical if:

• seq has a size of m.
• 0 <= seq[i] < nums.length
• The binary representation of 2^seq[0] + 2^seq[1] + ... + 2^seq[m - 1] has k set bits.

The array product of this sequence is defined as prod(seq) = (nums[seq[0]] * nums[seq[1]] * ... * nums[seq[m - 1]]).

Return the sum of the array products for all valid magical sequences.

Since the answer may be large, return it modulo 10^9 + 7.

A set bit refers to a bit in the binary representation of a number that has a value of 1.

Example 1:

Input: m = 5, k = 5, nums = 1,10,100,10000,1000000

Output: 991600007

Explanation:

All permutations of [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] are magical sequences, each with an array product of 10^13.

Example 2:

Input: m = 2, k = 2, nums = 5,4,3,2,1

Output: 170

Explanation:

The magical sequences are [0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3], [0, 4], [1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 0], [3, 1], [3, 2], [3, 4], [4, 0], [4, 1], [4, 2], and [4, 3].

Example 3:

Input: m = 1, k = 1, nums = 28

Output: 28

Explanation:

The only magical sequence is [0].

Constraints:

• 1 <= k <= m <= 30
• 1 <= nums.length <= 50
• 1 <= nums[i] <= 10^8

2025-10-13
2273. Find Resultant Array After Removing Anagrams

Topic: Array, Hash Table, String, Sorting
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
You are given a 0-indexed string array words, where words[i] consists of lowercase English letters.

In one operation, select any index i such that 0 < i < words.length and words[i - 1] and words[i] are anagrams, and delete words[i] from words. Keep performing this operation as long as you can select an index that satisfies the conditions.

Return words after performing all operations. It can be shown that selecting the indices for each operation in any arbitrary order will lead to the same result.

An Anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase using all the original letters exactly once. For example, "dacb" is an anagram of "abdc".

Example 1:

Input: words = ["abba","baba","bbaa","cd","cd"]
Output: ["abba","cd"]
Explanation:
One of the ways we can obtain the resultant array is by using the following operations:
- Since words[2] = "bbaa" and words[1] = "baba" are anagrams, we choose index 2 and delete words[2].
  Now words = ["abba","baba","cd","cd"].
- Since words[1] = "baba" and words[0] = "abba" are anagrams, we choose index 1 and delete words[1].
  Now words = ["abba","cd","cd"].
- Since words[2] = "cd" and words[1] = "cd" are anagrams, we choose index 2 and delete words[2].
  Now words = ["abba","cd"].
We can no longer perform any operations, so ["abba","cd"] is the final answer.

Example 2:

Input: words = ["a","b","c","d","e"]
Output: ["a","b","c","d","e"]
Explanation:
No two adjacent strings in words are anagrams of each other, so no operations are performed.

Constraints:

• 1 <= words.length <= 100
• 1 <= words[i].length <= 10
• words[i] consists of lowercase English letters.

2025-10-14
3349. Adjacent Increasing Subarrays Detection I

Topic: Array
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
Given an array nums of n integers and an integer k, determine whether there exist two adjacent subarrays of length k such that both subarrays are strictly increasing. Specifically, check if there are two subarrays starting at indices a and b (a < b), where:

• Both subarrays nums[a..a + k - 1] and nums[b..b + k - 1] are strictly increasing.
• The subarrays must be adjacent, meaning b = a + k.

Return true if it is possible to find two such subarrays, and false otherwise.

Example 1:

Input: nums = 2,5,7,8,9,2,3,4,3,1, k = 3

Output: true

Explanation:

• The subarray starting at index 2 is [7, 8, 9], which is strictly increasing.
• The subarray starting at index 5 is [2, 3, 4], which is also strictly increasing.
• These two subarrays are adjacent, so the result is true.

Example 2:

Input: nums = 1,2,3,4,4,4,4,5,6,7, k = 5

Output: false

Constraints:

• 2 <= nums.length <= 100
• 1 < 2 * k <= nums.length
• -1000 <= nums[i] <= 1000

2025-10-15
3350. Adjacent Increasing Subarrays Detection II

Topic: Array, Binary Search
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
Given an array nums of n integers, your task is to find the maximum value of k for which there exist two adjacent subarrays of length k each, such that both subarrays are strictly increasing. Specifically, check if there are two subarrays of length k starting at indices a and b (a < b), where:

• Both subarrays nums[a..a + k - 1] and nums[b..b + k - 1] are strictly increasing.
• The subarrays must be adjacent, meaning b = a + k.

Return the maximum possible value of k.

A subarray is a contiguous non-empty sequence of elements within an array.

Example 1:

Input: nums = 2,5,7,8,9,2,3,4,3,1

Output: 3

Explanation:

• The subarray starting at index 2 is [7, 8, 9], which is strictly increasing.
• The subarray starting at index 5 is [2, 3, 4], which is also strictly increasing.
• These two subarrays are adjacent, and 3 is the maximum possible value of k for which two such adjacent strictly increasing subarrays exist.

Example 2:

Input: nums = 1,2,3,4,4,4,4,5,6,7

Output: 2

Explanation:

• The subarray starting at index 0 is [1, 2], which is strictly increasing.
• The subarray starting at index 2 is [3, 4], which is also strictly increasing.
• These two subarrays are adjacent, and 2 is the maximum possible value of k for which two such adjacent strictly increasing subarrays exist.

Constraints:

• 2 <= nums.length <= 2 * 10^5
• -10^9 <= nums[i] <= 10^9

2025-10-16
2598. Smallest Missing Non-negative Integer After Operations

Topic: Array, Hash Table, Math, Greedy
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums and an integer value.

In one operation, you can add or subtract value from any element of nums.

• For example, if nums = [1,2,3] and value = 2, you can choose to subtract value from nums[0] to make nums = [-1,2,3].

The MEX (minimum excluded) of an array is the smallest missing non-negative integer in it.

• For example, the MEX of [-1,2,3] is 0 while the MEX of [1,0,3] is 2.

Return the maximum MEX of nums after applying the mentioned operation any number of times.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [1,-10,7,13,6,8], value = 5
Output: 4
Explanation: One can achieve this result by applying the following operations:
- Add value to nums[1] twice to make nums = [1,0,7,13,6,8]
- Subtract value from nums[2] once to make nums = [1,0,2,13,6,8]
- Subtract value from nums[3] twice to make nums = [1,0,2,3,6,8]
The MEX of nums is 4. It can be shown that 4 is the maximum MEX we can achieve.

Example 2:

Input: nums = [1,-10,7,13,6,8], value = 7
Output: 2
Explanation: One can achieve this result by applying the following operation:
- subtract value from nums[2] once to make nums = [1,-10,0,13,6,8]
The MEX of nums is 2. It can be shown that 2 is the maximum MEX we can achieve.

Constraints:

• 1 <= nums.length, value <= 10^5
• -10^9 <= nums[i] <= 10^9

2025-10-17
3003. Maximize the Number of Partitions After Operations

Topic: String, Dynamic Programming, Bit Manipulation, Bitmask
Difficulty: Hard

Problem:
You are given a string s and an integer k.

First, you are allowed to change at most one index in s to another lowercase English letter.

After that, do the following partitioning operation until s is empty:

• Choose the longest prefix of s containing at most k distinct characters.
• Delete the prefix from s and increase the number of partitions by one. The remaining characters (if any) in s maintain their initial order.

Return an integer denoting the maximum number of resulting partitions after the operations by optimally choosing at most one index to change.

Example 1:

Input: s = "accca", k = 2

Output: 3

Explanation:

The optimal way is to change s[2] to something other than a and c, for example, b. then it becomes "acbca".

Then we perform the operations:

1. The longest prefix containing at most 2 distinct characters is "ac", we remove it and s becomes "bca".
2. Now The longest prefix containing at most 2 distinct characters is "bc", so we remove it and s becomes "a".
3. Finally, we remove "a" and s becomes empty, so the procedure ends.

Doing the operations, the string is divided into 3 partitions, so the answer is 3.

Example 2:

Input: s = "aabaab", k = 3

Output: 1

Explanation:

Initially s contains 2 distinct characters, so whichever character we change, it will contain at most 3 distinct characters, so the longest prefix with at most 3 distinct characters would always be all of it, therefore the answer is 1.

Example 3:

Input: s = "xxyz", k = 1

Output: 4

Explanation:

The optimal way is to change s[0] or s[1] to something other than characters in s, for example, to change s[0] to w.

Then s becomes "wxyz", which consists of 4 distinct characters, so as k is 1, it will divide into 4 partitions.

Constraints:

• 1 <= s.length <= 10^4
• s consists only of lowercase English letters.
• 1 <= k <= 26

2025-10-18
3397. Maximum Number of Distinct Elements After Operations

Topic: Array, Greedy, Sorting
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given an integer array nums and an integer k.

You are allowed to perform the following operation on each element of the array at most once:

• Add an integer in the range [-k, k] to the element.

Return the maximum possible number of distinct elements in nums after performing the operations.

Example 1:

Input: nums = 1,2,2,3,3,4, k = 2

Output: 6

Explanation:

nums changes to [-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4] after performing operations on the first four elements.

Example 2:

Input: nums = 4,4,4,4, k = 1

Output: 3

Explanation:

By adding -1 to nums[0] and 1 to nums[1], nums changes to [3, 5, 4, 4].

Constraints:

• 1 <= nums.length <= 10^5
• 1 <= nums[i] <= 10^9
• 0 <= k <= 10^9

2025-10-19
1625. Lexicographically Smallest String After Applying Operations

Topic: String, Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Enumeration
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given a string s of even length consisting of digits from 0 to 9, and two integers a and b.

You can apply either of the following two operations any number of times and in any order on s:

• Add a to all odd indices of s (0-indexed). Digits post 9 are cycled back to 0. For example, if s = "3456" and a = 5, s becomes "3951".
• Rotate s to the right by b positions. For example, if s = "3456" and b = 1, s becomes "6345".

Return the lexicographically smallest string you can obtain by applying the above operations any number of times on s.

A string a is lexicographically smaller than a string b (of the same length) if in the first position where a and b differ, string a has a letter that appears earlier in the alphabet than the corresponding letter in b. For example, "0158" is lexicographically smaller than "0190" because the first position they differ is at the third letter, and '5' comes before '9'.

Example 1:

Input: s = "5525", a = 9, b = 2
Output: "2050"
Explanation: We can apply the following operations:
Start:  "5525"
Rotate: "2555"
Add:    "2454"
Add:    "2353"
Rotate: "5323"
Add:    "5222"
Add:    "5121"
Rotate: "2151"
Add:    "2050"​​​​​
There is no way to obtain a string that is lexicographically smaller than "2050".

Example 2:

Input: s = "74", a = 5, b = 1
Output: "24"
Explanation: We can apply the following operations:
Start:  "74"
Rotate: "47"
​​​​​​​Add:    "42"
​​​​​​​Rotate: "24"​​​​​​​​​​​​
There is no way to obtain a string that is lexicographically smaller than "24".

Example 3:

Input: s = "0011", a = 4, b = 2
Output: "0011"
Explanation: There are no sequence of operations that will give us a lexicographically smaller string than "0011".

Constraints:

• 2 <= s.length <= 100
• s.length is even.
• s consists of digits from 0 to 9 only.
• 1 <= a <= 9
• 1 <= b <= s.length - 1

2025-10-20
2011. Final Value of Variable After Performing Operations

Topic: Array, String, Simulation
Difficulty: Easy

Problem:
There is a programming language with only four operations and one variable X:

• ++X and X++ increments the value of the variable X by 1.
• --X and X-- decrements the value of the variable X by 1.

Initially, the value of X is 0.

Given an array of strings operations containing a list of operations, return the final value of X after performing all the operations.

Example 1:

Input: operations = ["--X","X++","X++"]
Output: 1
Explanation: The operations are performed as follows:
Initially, X = 0.
--X: X is decremented by 1, X =  0 - 1 = -1.
X++: X is incremented by 1, X = -1 + 1 =  0.
X++: X is incremented by 1, X =  0 + 1 =  1.

Example 2:

Input: operations = ["++X","++X","X++"]
Output: 3
Explanation: The operations are performed as follows:
Initially, X = 0.
++X: X is incremented by 1, X = 0 + 1 = 1.
++X: X is incremented by 1, X = 1 + 1 = 2.
X++: X is incremented by 1, X = 2 + 1 = 3.

Example 3:

Input: operations = ["X++","++X","--X","X--"]
Output: 0
Explanation: The operations are performed as follows:
Initially, X = 0.
X++: X is incremented by 1, X = 0 + 1 = 1.
++X: X is incremented by 1, X = 1 + 1 = 2.
--X: X is decremented by 1, X = 2 - 1 = 1.
X--: X is decremented by 1, X = 1 - 1 = 0.

Constraints:

• 1 <= operations.length <= 100
• operations[i] will be either "++X", "X++", "--X", or "X--".

2025-10-21
3346. Maximum Frequency of an Element After Performing Operations I

Topic: Array, Binary Search, Sliding Window, Sorting, Prefix Sum
Difficulty: Medium

Problem:
You are given an integer array nums and two integers k and numOperations.

You must perform an operation numOperations times on nums, where in each operation you:

• Select an index i that was not selected in any previous operations.
• Add an integer in the range [-k, k] to nums[i].

Return the maximum possible frequency of any element in nums after performing the operations.

Example 1:

Input: nums = 1,4,5, k = 1, numOperations = 2

Output: 2

Explanation:

We can achieve a maximum frequency of two by:

• Adding 0 to nums[1]. nums becomes [1, 4, 5].
• Adding -1 to nums[2]. nums becomes [1, 4, 4].

Example 2:

Input: nums = 5,11,20,20, k = 5, numOperations = 1

Output: 2

Explanation:

We can achieve a maximum frequency of two by:

• Adding 0 to nums[1].

Constraints:

• 1 <= nums.length <= 10^5
• 1 <= nums[i] <= 10^5
• 0 <= k <= 10^5
• 0 <= numOperations <= nums.length