Fusion is the energy source of the Sun and stars. In the tremendous heat and gravity at the core of these stellar bodies, hydrogen nuclei collide, fuse into heavier helium atoms and release tremendous amounts of energy in the process.

Twentieth-century fusion science identified the most efficient fusion reaction in the laboratory setting to be the reaction between two hydrogen isotopes, deuterium (D) and tritium (T). The DT fusion reaction produces the highest energy gain at the "lowest" temperatures.

Three conditions must be fulfilled to achieve fusion in a laboratory: very high temperature (on the order of 150,000,000° Celsius); sufficient plasma particle density (to increase the likelihood that collisions do occur); and sufficient confinement time (to hold the plasma, which has a propensity to expand, within a defined volume).

At extreme temperatures, electrons are separated from nuclei and a gas becomes a plasma—often referred to as the fourth state of matter. Fusion plasmas provide the environment in which light elements can fuse and yield energy.

In a tokamak device, powerful magnetic fields are used to confine and control the plasma.

ITER will include one of the hottest places in the universe—the vacuum vessel housing the 150-million-degree- Celsius plasma—as well as one of the coldest places in the universe; the magnets that will confine and control that plasma must be kept at about four kelvins (–269 degrees C). Separating the two will be a beryllium-coated steel “blanket” to shield the sections from each other, which will attach to the vacuum vessel’s interior wall via stub keys, currently covered by yellow caps to keep off dust.

ITER’s tokamak will be the biggest ever built, twice the size of the largest currently operating. The base of the machine was lowered into the chamber in July 2020, marking the beginning of the project’s assembly at the site in the south of France. The site is funded by Europe, which is paying for nearly half of the total cost of the project; Europe’s contribution is managed by Fusion for Energy.

The superconducting magnets in the reactor can work only at supercold temperatures near absolute zero, which will be maintained by liquid helium circulating through cryogenic pumps. Operators control the system via a complex set of hand valves (top) based on local readings of pressure, temperature and flow. The finished cryogenic plant, built by contractor Air Liquide (bottom), will be the world’s largest helium-refrigeration unit.

ITER’s fusion plasma will be encased and contained by a nest of magnets, including six ring-shaped superconducting poloidal magnets (shown here) that will pile on top of one another horizontally to surround the plasma. In addition, 18 toroidal field coils will encircle the machine vertically, and one large central solenoid will sit in the middle, forming the largest superconducting magnet system ever built. Superconductors allow electric current to flow without resistance, enabling electrons to move freely to create intense magnetic fields.

The fundament currency of our universe is energy.

ITER Problems & Vulnerabilities

Some potential failures seen by astrophysicst Mr. Jean-Pierre Petit

1. "All the tokamaks in the world including Tore Supra and JET have become ungovernable under the effect of extremely varying causes "
2. "the disruptions …spawn forces that are capable of distorting the parietal structures into wisps of straw"
3. :" lightening produced there will inevitably reach 15 million Amperes (150 million amperes on its successor DEMO). Impacts of such power will perforate the vacuum vessel. The Beryllium layer …will vanish and disperse the materials it is made of--- along with the tritium at the same time--- which is radiotoxic and confined in the chamber"
4: "the hope that one day a tokamak can operate with no disruption is as senseless as imagining the sun with no solar disruptions, a weather report exempt of any wind or snow or cooking oneself a casserole filled with boiling water that produces no flurry"

The Illusion

The US Department of Energy has nearly tripled its cost estimate for ITER, the fusion test reactor in France that’s being constructed by a seven-party international collaboration, to $65 billion.

Paul Dabbar, DOE undersecretary for science, provided the estimate to the Senate Appropriations subcommittee on energy and water development on 11 April 2017. The $65 billion covers construction alone, he said; annual operating costs once experimental operations begin in 2025 aren’t included.

The Reality In the Black World

We’ve perfected this technology since the 70s

For those who wish to learn more about ITER and tokamaks:

https://www.iter.org/proj/inafewlines