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A Different View of Atomic Fission
The reasons for the suicidal madness of present methods of obtaining energy are as follows: In the media of air and water there are two stores of inherent basic elements, which are distinct both in nature and kind. The chemist calls them hydrogen and oxygen. As they do everywhere, they also play a major role in the generation of atomic energy. The difference between them resides in the fact that hydrogen becomes active with coolness, whereas oxygen becomes active and reacts aggressively under the influence of heat.
If water and air are made to move techno-academically — in a pressure, friction and heat-increasing manner — then oxygen becomes active and binds
(emulsifies) hydrogen, which under the influence of these fever-temperatures becomes passive (inactive). In this case water movement follows an axial -> radial, or centrifugal and exploding path. The product of this molecular restructuring — a decentrating, decomposive energy — can be determined with precision.
On the other hand, if water and/or air are moved in exactly the opposite way, then as a result of cooling, the hydrogen component becomes highly active and binds (emulsifies) the oxygen, which becomes increasingly passive and inactive as the temperature drops. This process involves a centripetal movement from the outside inwards. The product of this emulsion or urprocreation, which again can be determined precisely, is a concentrating, formative and levitational energy . It is exactly the opposite of what is today called electricity .

Order & Disorder: The Story of Information - Maxwells' Demon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11QkX4u6RJg

Two advances would be crucial to solving Maxwell’s demon.

The first was by the American mathematician Claude Shannon, regarded as the founder of information theory. In 1948, Shannon showed that the information content of a message could be quantified with what he called the information entropy. “In the 19th century, no one knew about information,” said Takahiro Sagawa, a physicist at the University of Tokyo. “The modern understanding of Maxwell’s demon was established by Shannon’s work.”

Order & Disorder: The Story of Information - Maxwells' Demon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11QkX4u6RJg

Two advances would be crucial to solving Maxwell’s demon.

The first was by the American mathematician Claude Shannon, regarded as the founder of information theory. In 1948, Shannon showed that the information content of a message could be quantified with what he called the information entropy. “In the 19th century, no one knew about information,” said Takahiro Sagawa, a physicist at the University of Tokyo. “The modern understanding of Maxwell’s demon was established by Shannon’s work.”

In 1982, the American physicist Charles Bennett put the pieces of the puzzle together. He realized that Maxwell’s demon was at core an information-processing machine: It needed to record and store information about individual particles in order to decide when to open and close the door. Periodically it would need to erase this information. According to Landauer’s erasure principle, the rise in entropy from the erasure would more than compensate for the decrease in entropy caused by the sorting of the particles. “You need to pay,” said Gonzalo Manzano, a physicist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Vienna. The demon’s need to make room for more information inexorably led to a net increase in disorder.

Then in the 21st century, with the thought experiment solved, the real experiments began. “The most important development is we can now realize Maxwell’s demon in laboratories,” said Sagawa.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-maxwells-demon-continues-to-startle-scientists-20210422/

The Anti-Demonic Rebuttal:
Those that would argue against the existence of Maxwell's Demon will be quick to point out that examples cited while appearing to break the second law locally, do indeed obey the law globally. They will say yes, entropy is lowered locally by the photovoltaic cell, but this is more than offset by the increase of entropy in the Sun, created by nuclear fusion.

In other words, they would redraw the boundary of the experiment to include the Sun, thereby avoiding any paradox between their view point and the experimental result.

In the case of the laser, a similar redrawing of the boundary to include the power plant supplying the laser alleviates the paradox.

All fine and good, however… Why not adopt the same redefinition of boundary with respect to Maxwell's original demon hypothesis? Where did the kinetic (thermal) energy of the air molecules residing in the container come from in the first place, if not from the Sun?

Class dismissed

Go build one we dare you too.

This has been #WizardoftheDay
Wizard James C. Maxwell

#LearningToFly Chapter 12, Part 4
#Electrogravitics101
#Magneto_Thermodynamics101

Click link below to start class from the top
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Thank you French Wizard 🧙‍♂️🟦🇫🇷

Link 🔗 to first class. ⬇️
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See Pinned messages for each lesson that's been posted.

This is #WizardoftheDay
Wizard James C. Maxwell

#LearningToFly Chapter 12,, Part 4
#Electrogravitics101
#Magneto_Thermodynamics101

https://t.me/AzazelNews/240356

Be sure to catch up with last week's class

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#WizardoftheDay
Ludwig Boltzmann

#LearningToFly Chapter 12, Part 5
#Electrogravitics101
#Magneto_Thermodynamics101


Last week, we covered the scientific and societal controversy surrounding Maxwell's demon, and briefly touched on two devices that exhibit anti-entropic behavior.

In part 2 we shall take an in-depth look at the mechanism responsible for anti-entropic behavior in the laser. This mechanism is called a population inversion, and until the mid twentieth century, was considered little more than a quaint mathematical curiosity, with no basis in physical reality.

In order to lay a proper foundation for discussion of inverted populations, a short review of classical thermodynamics is included.

https://t.me/AzazelNews/243711

Degrees of Freedom:

At it's most basic level, the science of thermodynamics is a statistical study of vibration and movement in populations of atoms or molecules. In order to numerically quantify a population, it is necessary to understand how many different ways or modes of vibration and/or movement are available to the population. For instance, a population of molecules that have magnetic properties, when under the influence of a magnetic field, may be constrained to movement in a single direction, and yet in the absence of a magnetic field, this same population may have nearly unlimited directions of movement. In thermodynamics we use the term "degrees of freedom" to describe the number of available modes of vibration and/or directions of movement. Alternately, degrees of freedom can be viewed as the set of locations available to a population of atoms or molecules when it moves or vibrates. This set of available locations is called the population's "phase space".

Temperature, energy, and entropy:

The concept of temperature arose from a need to quantify the human perception of hot and cold. However at the beginning of the 19th century, no scientist was sure what temperature was really measuring. It was well known that expending energy (doing work), such as drilling a hole, or bending sheet metal caused the material to get hot, so heat was related to energy in some manner. But what was heat? Some believed it was a discrete substance, separate from matter (they called it caloric), while others believed it was an inherent property of matter, like mass or volume.



Boltzmann and the Bridge Between Two Worlds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJGyTcehW18

Boltzmann's controversial equation, Eq. 1 relates the entropy of an atomic or molecular population to it's phase space (disorder). As a side note, this equation was engraved on his tombstone...

The utility of Eq. 1 is that it defines entropy (disorder) as the ratio of energy to temperature.

Looked at another way, given a population with a constant energy content, as entropy declines, temperature rises.

In other words, as the degrees of freedom available to a population diminish, those few degrees of freedom still available, MUST contain the entire energy content of the population, and this causes the temperature of the population to rise.

Eq. 2a