Ex:
- I have lost my passport.
انا أضعت جوازي.
في هذا المثال نفهم ان الجواز لازال ضائعا الى حد الآن ولم يتم العثور عليه.
- Where is Rebecca ? اين ريبيكا ؟
She's gone to bed هي ذهبت للنوم

في هذا المثال نلاحظ ان ريبيكا ذهبت للنوم..
الفعل هنا هو الذهاب، والذي لازال أثره موجود، حيث أن ريبيكا لازالت على السرير نائمة.
- We have bought a new car.
نحن اشترينا سيارة جديدة.
أي لازالت موجودة معنا الى الان..لازلنا نملكها الان..
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- It's Rechel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present.
غداً انه عيد ميلاد ريتشيلز وانا لم اشتري لها هدية بعد ( لا املك هدية لها الان)
- Bob is away on holiday. Oh where has he gone?
بوب بعيداً في عطلة.
اوه اين هو ذهب؟ = أين هو الآن؟
- Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it ?
هل بامكاني ان آخذ هذه الجريدة؟ هل انتهيت منها؟
-------------------------------
صيغة زمن المضارع التام present perfect
Subject + has / have + past participle

أفعال يأتي بعدها to :
Verbs + to :

🔻Ex :
1) What do you want to do this evening?
ماذا تريد أن تعمل الليلة؟
2) It's not very late. We don't need to go home yet.
الوقت ليس متأخراً.نحن لانحتاج أن نذهب الى البيت .
3) Tina has decided to sell her car.
تينا قررت ان تبيع سيارتها.
4) You forgot to switch off the light when you went out.
انت نسيت ان تطفئ الأضواء عندما خرجت.
5) My brother is learning to drive.
أخي يتعلم القيادة ( قيادة السيارة)
6) I tried to read my book, but I was too tired
انا حاولت ان اقرأ كتابي، لكن أنا كنت متعب جداً

🔻Ex :
1) I enjoy dancing. (not enjoy to dance)
انا استمتع بالرقص.
2) I don't mind getting up early.
انا لا أمانع ان استيقظ باكراً.
3) Has it stopped raining?
هل توقف المطر ؟
4)Sonia suggested going to the cinema.
سونيا اقترحت ان نذهب الى السينماء.

🔻Ex :
1) Do you like getting up early?✔️
or Do you like to get up early? ✔️
هل تحب ان تستيقظ باكراً ؟
2) I prefer travelling by car.✔️
or I prefer to travel by car.✔️
انا افضل السفر بالسياره.
3) Anna loves dancing, ✔️
or Anna loves to dance.✔️
آنا تحب الرقص.
4) I hate being late, ✔️
or I hate to be late.✔️
أنا أكره أكون متأخراً.
5) It started raining, ✔️
or It started to rain.✔️
انها بدأت تمطر.

نعود الى نقطة البداية ونتكلم عن الأفعال المساعدة :
(  am  /  is  /  are   )
#انظر_للصورة واقرأ الجمل
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My name is Lisa
اسمي ليزا


I'm 22
عمري ٢٢

I'm American. I'm from Chicago
انا امريكيه من تشيكاقو

I'm a student.
انا طالبة.

My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist
ابي دكتور وامي صحفية.

My favourite colour is blue
لوني المفضل الازرق

My favourite sports are football and swimming
رياضتي المفضلة كرة القدم والسباحة.


I'm interested in art
انا مهتمه بالفن.

I'm not interested in politics
انا لست مهتمه بالسياسه
-------------------------------------

الفرق بين there is و there are :
تستخدم there is مع الأسماء التي تكون في صيغة المفرد.
Ex:
- There is a book on the table.
(هناك كتاب على الطاولة)
- There is a cat in the garden.
(هناك قطة في الحديقة)

تستخدم there are مع الأسماء التي تكون في صيغة الجمع.
Ex:
- There are books on the table.
(هناك كتب على الطاولة)
- There are cats in the garden.
(هناك قطط في الحديقة)

باختصار، there is تُستخدم مع الأسماء في المفرد،
بينما there are تُستخدم مع الأسماء في الجمع.
--------------------------------------------

الفرق بين there is و there was :
تستخدم there is للإشارة إلى وجود شيء ما في الوقت الحالي.
Ex:
- There is a book on the table.
(هناك كتاب على الطاولة)
- There is a cat in the garden.
(هناك قطة في الحديقة)

تستخدم there was للإشارة إلى وجود شيء ما في الماضي.
Ex:
- There was a party at my friend's house last night.
(كان هناك حفلة في منزل صديقي الليلة الماضية)
- There was a car accident on the highway this morning.
(كان هناك حادث سيارة على الطريق السريع هذا الصباح)

باختصار الفرق بين there is و there was هو الزمن الذي يشيران إليه:
- There is :
تشير إلى الوقت الحالي والوجود الحالي .
- There was :
تشير إلى الزمن الماضي والوجود السابق.
-------------------------------------------

الفرق بين there are و there were :
تستخدم there are للإشارة إلى وجود أشياء متعددة في المكان الحالي وفي اللحظة الحالية وتستخدم مع الأسماء في صيغة الجمع.
Ex:
- There are books on the shelf.
(هناك كتب على الرف)
- There are cars in the parking lot.
(هناك سيارات في موقف السيارات)

تستخدم  there were للإشارة إلى وجود أشياء متعددة في المكان في الماضي وتستخدم مع الأسماء في صيغة الجمع.
Ex:
- There were many people at the party last night.
(كان هناك العديد من الأشخاص في الحفلة الليلة الماضية)
- There were trees along the street before they cut them down.
(كانت هناك أشجار على طول الشارع قبل أن يقطعوها)

باختصار there are تستخدم للإشارة إلى الوجود الحالي في الجمع
بينما there were تستخدم للإشارة إلى الوجود في الماضي في الجمع.
-------------------------------------------

Blast Off!
     Seth adjusted the straps of his homemade astronaut suit and climbed up the stairs to the treehouse. Seth was an avid astronomer and loved to explore the outer worlds. He had convinced his friend Tim to help him build a spacecraft that would make it to the moon. The boys had spent weeks on the project, but Seth was sure it could be done. Tim wasn’t so sure.
     The boys had heard about the space race in school. They didn’t think that the United States government was doing enough to win the space race, and they were determined to do their part. Tim was upset about the number of days it was taking to put the manifold together.          The boys were competitive, and they could feel the intensity of the situation gaining on them.
Just then, Seth’s mother called from the house. “Seth Stewart, come here! You have got to see this!” Seth and Tim hurried down the makeshift ladder and through the door.
Blaring on television was the announcement that Neil Armstrong had just been the first person ever to walk on the moon. Seth and Tim said simultaneously, “Oh, man!”
“It’s no use, Seth. It’s been done. Someone else beat us to the moon,” said Tim.
     Seth didn’t skip a beat and said, “Come on, Tim. We’ve got work to do. Let’s go try to be the first on Mars.”
#reading
----------------------------------------

🔻 I want you to + (verb)
Ex:
- I want you to clean the dishes.
- I want you to come home right after school.
- I want you to call once you get there.
- I want you to explain yourself to me.
- I want you to educate me.

🔻 I need you to +verb
Ex:
- I need you to study harder in school.
- I need you to stop and listen to me.
- I need you to greet our guests.
- I need you to introduce me to your family.
- I need to request a refund.
-------------------------------------------

prefixes البادئات

Prefixes ( at the beginning of the words) can help you to understand what a new word means.

1) ex +( noun )

meaning : was but not now

examples :

ex-wife / ex-husband / ex-president


2) half + ( noun or adjective)
meaning : 50% of something

examples :
half-price / half-hour


3) in , im + ( adjective)
meaning : not

examples :
informal / impossible

4) non + ( adjective or noun)
meaning : not

examples :
non-smoking

5) pre
meaning : before

examples : pre-school


6) re + ( verb )
meaning : again

examples : redo / rewrite

7) un + ( adjective or noun )
meaning : not

examples : unhappy / unsafe
-----------------------------------

Examples :

- An ex-wife is a wife who is now divorced
الزوجة السابقة هي الزوجة التي أصبحت منفصلة الآن.

- President Gorbachev is an ex-president of Russia.


- A half-hour journey is a journey of 30 minutes.

- something that cost 10 $ yesterday and costs 5$ today is half-price.

- Informal clothes are clothes like jeans and trainers.

Formal clothes are things like a suit.

- If something is impossible, you can't do it. It's impossible to read with your eyes closed.

- A non-smoking room is a room where people may not smoke.


- Pre-school children are children who are still too young to go to school.

- To redo something is to do it a second time and to rewrite something is to write it a second time.

@Tdd190