A positive rK39 test indicates:
Anonymous Quiz
71%
A. Detection of host antibody against Leishmania
7%
B. Direct visualization of parasites
15%
C. Detection of Salmonella antigen
7%
D. Detection of ASO
A pregnant woman is positive for Toxoplasma IgG but negative for IgM. The most likely interpretation is:
Anonymous Quiz
75%
A. Past infection
20%
B. Definite acute infection
2%
C. No exposure ever
4%
D. Active malaria
β€2
ππ₯ NEW ACADEMIC YEAR IS COMING β GET READY, MLS STUDENTS! π§ͺπ¬
The new academic year is coming! ππ Start preparing early and stay ahead in your studies.
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π1π1
π Vacancy Announcements:-
Organization: Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI)
Location: Addis Ababa
Positions:-
1. Position: Assistant Researcher I (Study Laboratory Technologist)
Education: BSc Degree in Medical #Laboratory Technology; with relevant skills and experience
Minimum Experience: 2 years
Required No: 1
Salary: 35,148 Birr + 6,500 Birr house allowance
2. Position: Junior Researcher (Study Pharmacists)
Education: BSc in #Pharmacy
Minimum Experience: #0_year
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3. Position: Assistant Researchers I (Study Nurses)
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π Vacancies Details:-
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Organization: Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI)
Location: Addis Ababa
Positions:-
1. Position: Assistant Researcher I (Study Laboratory Technologist)
Education: BSc Degree in Medical #Laboratory Technology; with relevant skills and experience
Minimum Experience: 2 years
Required No: 1
Salary: 35,148 Birr + 6,500 Birr house allowance
2. Position: Junior Researcher (Study Pharmacists)
Education: BSc in #Pharmacy
Minimum Experience: #0_year
Required No: 1
Salary: 27,464 Birr + 5,000 Bitr house allowance
3. Position: Assistant Researchers I (Study Nurses)
Education: BSc Degree in #Nursing; with relevant skills and experience
Minimum Experience: 2 years
Required No: 17
Salary: 35,148 Birr + 6,500 Birr house allowance
Application Deadline: August 31, 2026
π Vacancies Details:-
https://doctorsonlinee.com/company/external-694-armauer-hansen-research-institute-ahri/
β‘οΈ Share
Telegram: @laboratorypractice
βΆοΈ YouTube: http://youtube.com/@laboratorypractice
β€3π₯°2π±1
Forwarded from Medical Lab Academy
π« Donβt Use an Outdated CV! π€π Curriculum Vitae (CV)
πΌ A CV is one of the most important requirements for job competitions β especially when applying to large organizations & reputable NGOs. π
π₯ Many applicants fail at the screening stage simply because they donβt have a professional CV.
π Alongside your cover letter and educational documents, your CV plays a CRUCIAL ROLE in getting you shortlisted!
β¨ A strong CV helps employers quickly understand: π Who you are
π What you can do
π Why you are the right candidate
π― Thatβs why your CV must be: βοΈ Well-organized
βοΈ Updated
βοΈ Attractive & professional
βββββββββββββββ
β οΈ Common Mistakes Job Applicants Make
β Using the same CV everywhere
β‘οΈ Not customizing for each organization = REJECTION
β Missing important documents
β‘οΈ Not attaching CV, application letter & credentials properly
β Poor CV design
β‘οΈ Unprofessional CV = LOW CHANCE
βββββββββββββββ
π Our Services | Tajaajila Nuti Kenninu | α¨ααα°α£αΈα α αααααΆα½
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π For Fresh Graduates π β Special Discount Available!
βββββββββββββββ
β βHow can I prepare a strong CV?β
β βCan you help me?β
π π© Contact us via Inbox β weβre ready to support you!
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βββββββββββββββ
π Make your CV stand out β Your job starts here!
πΌ A CV is one of the most important requirements for job competitions β especially when applying to large organizations & reputable NGOs. π
π₯ Many applicants fail at the screening stage simply because they donβt have a professional CV.
π Alongside your cover letter and educational documents, your CV plays a CRUCIAL ROLE in getting you shortlisted!
β¨ A strong CV helps employers quickly understand: π Who you are
π What you can do
π Why you are the right candidate
π― Thatβs why your CV must be: βοΈ Well-organized
βοΈ Updated
βοΈ Attractive & professional
βββββββββββββββ
β οΈ Common Mistakes Job Applicants Make
β Using the same CV everywhere
β‘οΈ Not customizing for each organization = REJECTION
β Missing important documents
β‘οΈ Not attaching CV, application letter & credentials properly
β Poor CV design
β‘οΈ Unprofessional CV = LOW CHANCE
βββββββββββββββ
π Our Services | Tajaajila Nuti Kenninu | α¨ααα°α£αΈα α αααααΆα½
β Professional CV/Resume (Local & International Jobs)
β CV/Resume Editing & Improvement
β Document Organization
β Online Job Application Support
βββββββββββββββ
π α α°αα£α£α αα α₯α α αααα΅ αα°α¨α΅ α₯αα°α«αα
π For Fresh Graduates π β Special Discount Available!
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π Make your CV stand out β Your job starts here!
β€1
27-year-old patient has a painless genital ulcer. RPR is reactive at 1:64, and TPHA is positive. After appropriate treatment, the RPR titre falls to 1:8, while TPHA remains positive.What is the best interpretation?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A. Treatment failed because TPHA is still positive
10%
B. The patient has a new infection
62%
C. The falling RPR titre indicates an appropriate serological response
14%
D. TPHA should become negative after successful treatment
patient with high fever, headache, and rash is suspected of having a rickettsial infection. A Weil-Felix test is negative, but clinical suspicion remains very high.What is the best laboratory action?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A. Exclude rickettsial infection
9%
B. Repeat only the Weil-Felix test
81%
C. Use a more specific test such as IFA or ELISA
4%
D. Report the patient as having typhoid fever
β€1
15-year-old patient presents with migratory joint pain and carditis several weeks after a sore throat. The throat culture is now negative, but the ASO titre is significantly elevated.What does the ASO result most strongly support?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A. Current bacteremia with S. pyogenes
58%
B. Previous/recent infection with Group A Streptococcus
21%
C. Immunity against S. pyogenes
6%
D. Active viral myocarditis
β€3
patient was treated successfully for H. pylori. Six months later, a serum anti-H. pylori IgG test remains positive.What is the best interpretation?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A. The patient definitely has active infection
8%
B. Treatment definitely failed
71%
C. IgG may persist after previous infection and cannot alone confirm active infection
10%
D. The patient has developed immunity and cannot be reinfected
π₯°1π1
Forwarded from MLs Technology and Innovation
DAY 2: AI IN MALARIA MICROSCOPY
ββββββββββββββββββ
π¬ What is AI in malaria microscopy?
It is the use of computer technology to analyze digital images of blood smears and help identify possible malaria parasites.
In simple terms:
π©Έ Blood smear β πΈ Digital image β π€ AI analysis β π¬ Possible parasite detection
ββββββββββββββββββ
βοΈ How does it work?
β A stained blood smear is prepared.
β‘ The smear is examined and a digital image is captured.
β’ The image is analyzed by an AI system trained using many malaria and non-malaria images.
β£ The system may identify areas that could contain malaria parasites.
β€ A qualified laboratory professional reviews and confirms the result.
ββββββββββββββββββ
π― What is the purpose?
AI may help to:
β’ Support malaria microscopy
β’ Assist with screening of digital images
β’ Reduce repetitive manual image review
β’ Support training and image-based learning
β’ Improve consistency when properly developed and validated
ββββββββββββββββββ
β οΈ Important to understand
AI does not simply replace the medical laboratory professional.
Its result can be affected by image quality, staining quality, microscope quality, and the data used to train the system.
π AI is a support tool, while professional review and proper validation remain important.
ββββββββββββββββββ
πͺπΉ Why is this interesting for Ethiopia?
Malaria remains an important diagnostic challenge in many areas. New technologies that support faster, consistent, and accessible diagnosis may be usefulβbut they must be properly tested and adapted to local laboratory conditions before clinical use.
ββββββββββββββββββ
π‘ TODAY'S KEY IDEA
AI can learn patterns from many microscopic images and help identify areas that may contain malaria parasites.
ββββββββββββββββββ
ββββββββββββββββββ
π MLS Tech Daily
Learn the technology β’ Understand how it works β’ Think about the future π§ͺπ
@Mlstechnology_and_innovation
@Mlstechnology_and_innovation
Forwarded from Medical Lab Academy
π« Donβt Use an Outdated CV! π€π Curriculum Vitae (CV)
πΌ A CV is one of the most important requirements for job competitions β especially when applying to large organizations & reputable NGOs. π
π₯ Many applicants fail at the screening stage simply because they donβt have a professional CV.
π Alongside your cover letter and educational documents, your CV plays a CRUCIAL ROLE in getting you shortlisted!
β¨ A strong CV helps employers quickly understand: π Who you are
π What you can do
π Why you are the right candidate
π― Thatβs why your CV must be: βοΈ Well-organized
βοΈ Updated
βοΈ Attractive & professional
βββββββββββββββ
β οΈ Common Mistakes Job Applicants Make
β Using the same CV everywhere
β‘οΈ Not customizing for each organization = REJECTION
β Missing important documents
β‘οΈ Not attaching CV, application letter & credentials properly
β Poor CV design
β‘οΈ Unprofessional CV = LOW CHANCE
βββββββββββββββ
π Our Services | Tajaajila Nuti Kenninu | α¨ααα°α£αΈα α αααααΆα½
β Professional CV/Resume (Local & International Jobs)
β CV/Resume Editing & Improvement
β Document Organization
β Online Job Application Support
βββββββββββββββ
π α α°αα£α£α αα α₯α α αααα΅ αα°α¨α΅ α₯αα°α«αα
π For Fresh Graduates π β Special Discount Available!
βββββββββββββββ
β βHow can I prepare a strong CV?β
β βCan you help me?β
π π© Contact us via Inbox β weβre ready to support you!
π’ Namoonni hojjechisafachuu barbaadan nu qunnamaa!
βββββββββββββββ
π Phone: +251933009944
π² Telegram: @GJMNT
βββββββββββββββ
π Make your CV stand out β Your job starts here!
πΌ A CV is one of the most important requirements for job competitions β especially when applying to large organizations & reputable NGOs. π
π₯ Many applicants fail at the screening stage simply because they donβt have a professional CV.
π Alongside your cover letter and educational documents, your CV plays a CRUCIAL ROLE in getting you shortlisted!
β¨ A strong CV helps employers quickly understand: π Who you are
π What you can do
π Why you are the right candidate
π― Thatβs why your CV must be: βοΈ Well-organized
βοΈ Updated
βοΈ Attractive & professional
βββββββββββββββ
β οΈ Common Mistakes Job Applicants Make
β Using the same CV everywhere
β‘οΈ Not customizing for each organization = REJECTION
β Missing important documents
β‘οΈ Not attaching CV, application letter & credentials properly
β Poor CV design
β‘οΈ Unprofessional CV = LOW CHANCE
βββββββββββββββ
π Our Services | Tajaajila Nuti Kenninu | α¨ααα°α£αΈα α αααααΆα½
β Professional CV/Resume (Local & International Jobs)
β CV/Resume Editing & Improvement
β Document Organization
β Online Job Application Support
βββββββββββββββ
π α α°αα£α£α αα α₯α α αααα΅ αα°α¨α΅ α₯αα°α«αα
π For Fresh Graduates π β Special Discount Available!
βββββββββββββββ
β βHow can I prepare a strong CV?β
β βCan you help me?β
π π© Contact us via Inbox β weβre ready to support you!
π’ Namoonni hojjechisafachuu barbaadan nu qunnamaa!
βββββββββββββββ
π Phone: +251933009944
π² Telegram: @GJMNT
βββββββββββββββ
π Make your CV stand out β Your job starts here!
β€2π1
1. A client is tested 10 days after possible HIV exposure. The rapid antibody test is non-reactive, but acute infection is suspected. Which marker is likely to appear before HIV antibodies?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A. Anti-HBs
73%
B. HIV p24 antigen
11%
C. HBeAg
2%
D. Heterophile antibody
β€1
A patient has jaundice, markedly elevated ALT, positive HBsAg, and positive anti-HBc IgM. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
81%
A. Acute hepatitis B infection
9%
B. Immunity from vaccination
6%
C. Resolved hepatitis B infection
3%
D. Acute hepatitis A infection
. A blood donor has a reactive anti-HCV screening result. Which test best determines whether there is a current active HCV infection?
Anonymous Quiz
61%
A. HCV RNA test
19%
B. Anti-HBs test
13%
C. HBeAg test
7%
D. Heterophile antibody test
A patient presents on the seventh day of suspected dengue illness. Which serological marker is most likely to support a recent primary infection?
Anonymous Quiz
78%
A. Dengue IgM antibody
13%
B. Anti-HBc antibody
7%
C. HIV p24 antigen
2%
D. HBeAg
β€1
A university student presents with fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytes. A heterophile-antibody test is positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
59%
A. Infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV
15%
B. Acute hepatitis B
17%
C. Dengue fever
9%
D. Acute HIV infection confirmed by this test
β€3π2π₯°2
𧫠TOXOPLASMOSIS β LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π¦ Causative Agent:
Toxoplasma gondii β an obligate intracellular protozoan.
π Specimens
β’ Serum β most commonly used
β’ Whole blood / EDTA blood
β’ Amniotic fluid β congenital infection
β’ CSF β selected cases
β’ Tissue / lymph node biopsy β selected cases
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π¬ 1. DIRECT DETECTION
A. Microscopy
β’ Tachyzoites may occasionally be demonstrated in tissue or body fluids.
β’ Sensitivity is generally low, so microscopy is not the preferred routine method.
B. Histopathology
β’ Tissue sections may demonstrate tachyzoites or tissue cysts.
β’ Useful in selected cases.
C. PCR
β’ Detects T. gondii DNA.
β’ Particularly useful for:
β€ Congenital toxoplasmosis
β€ Amniotic fluid testing
β€ CNS infection in immunocompromised patients
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π§ͺ 2. SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
Serology is the main laboratory approach for toxoplasmosis.
πΉ Anti-Toxoplasma IgM
β’ Usually appears early after infection.
β’ May suggest recent/acute infection.
β οΈ Important: IgM may persist for months, so a positive IgM alone does not prove a recent infection.
πΉ Anti-Toxoplasma IgG
β’ Appears after IgM.
β’ Usually persists for long periods, often lifelong.
β’ Indicates previous exposure/infection.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
β 3. IgG AVIDITY TEST
Used mainly when recent primary infection needs to be distinguished from past infection, especially during pregnancy.
π’ High IgG avidity
β‘οΈ Suggests infection occurred at least several months earlier
β‘οΈ Helps exclude a very recent primary infection.
π΄ Low IgG avidity
β‘οΈ May be associated with a more recent infection
β‘οΈ Cannot alone prove acute infection.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
𧬠4. COMMON SEROLOGICAL METHODS
β’ ELISA
β’ IFA / IFAT
β’ Immunoblot
β’ Agglutination tests
β’ Dye test β reference/classical method
π SabinβFeldman Dye Test
β’ Detects antibodies against T. gondii.
β’ Historically considered a reference method but requires live organisms and specialized facilities.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
πΆ 5. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
For suspected congenital infection:
π§ͺ Important tests
β’ Infant-specific IgM
β’ Infant-specific IgA
β’ IgG follow-up
β’ PCR when indicated
π Maternal IgG can cross the placenta, so IgG positivity alone in a newborn does not necessarily indicate congenital infection.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π EXAM QUICK REVIEW
πΉ IgM positive
β‘οΈ Possible recent infection
β‘οΈ Confirm/interpret with additional testing.
πΉ IgG positive + IgM negative
β‘οΈ Usually indicates past infection.
πΉ IgG negative + IgM negative
β‘οΈ No serological evidence of previous exposure.
πΉ IgM positive + IgG positive
β‘οΈ Could represent recent infection or persistent IgM
β‘οΈ Consider IgG avidity and/or repeat/confirmatory testing.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π― HIGH-YIELD POINTS
β Most commonly used specimen: Serum
β Main diagnostic approach: Serology
β IgM: Associated with recent infection but may persist
β IgG: Indicates exposure and usually persists long-term
β IgG avidity: Helps estimate the timing of infection
β PCR: Detects T. gondii DNA and is particularly useful in congenital/CNS disease
β οΈ Never diagnose acute toxoplasmosis from IgM positivity alone.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π MLS / COC / EXIT EXAM TIP
π‘ Remember:
IgM β Think recent
IgG β Think previous exposure
Avidity β Think timing
PCR β Think DNA detection
π§ͺπ¬ Medical Laboratory Science | Serology & Immunology
Share
Telegram: @laboratorypractice
βΆοΈ YouTube: http://youtube.com/@laboratorypractice
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π² Save β’ Share β’ Study β’ Revise
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π¦ Causative Agent:
Toxoplasma gondii β an obligate intracellular protozoan.
π Specimens
β’ Serum β most commonly used
β’ Whole blood / EDTA blood
β’ Amniotic fluid β congenital infection
β’ CSF β selected cases
β’ Tissue / lymph node biopsy β selected cases
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π¬ 1. DIRECT DETECTION
A. Microscopy
β’ Tachyzoites may occasionally be demonstrated in tissue or body fluids.
β’ Sensitivity is generally low, so microscopy is not the preferred routine method.
B. Histopathology
β’ Tissue sections may demonstrate tachyzoites or tissue cysts.
β’ Useful in selected cases.
C. PCR
β’ Detects T. gondii DNA.
β’ Particularly useful for:
β€ Congenital toxoplasmosis
β€ Amniotic fluid testing
β€ CNS infection in immunocompromised patients
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π§ͺ 2. SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
Serology is the main laboratory approach for toxoplasmosis.
πΉ Anti-Toxoplasma IgM
β’ Usually appears early after infection.
β’ May suggest recent/acute infection.
β οΈ Important: IgM may persist for months, so a positive IgM alone does not prove a recent infection.
πΉ Anti-Toxoplasma IgG
β’ Appears after IgM.
β’ Usually persists for long periods, often lifelong.
β’ Indicates previous exposure/infection.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
β 3. IgG AVIDITY TEST
Used mainly when recent primary infection needs to be distinguished from past infection, especially during pregnancy.
π’ High IgG avidity
β‘οΈ Suggests infection occurred at least several months earlier
β‘οΈ Helps exclude a very recent primary infection.
π΄ Low IgG avidity
β‘οΈ May be associated with a more recent infection
β‘οΈ Cannot alone prove acute infection.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
𧬠4. COMMON SEROLOGICAL METHODS
β’ ELISA
β’ IFA / IFAT
β’ Immunoblot
β’ Agglutination tests
β’ Dye test β reference/classical method
π SabinβFeldman Dye Test
β’ Detects antibodies against T. gondii.
β’ Historically considered a reference method but requires live organisms and specialized facilities.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
πΆ 5. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
For suspected congenital infection:
π§ͺ Important tests
β’ Infant-specific IgM
β’ Infant-specific IgA
β’ IgG follow-up
β’ PCR when indicated
π Maternal IgG can cross the placenta, so IgG positivity alone in a newborn does not necessarily indicate congenital infection.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π EXAM QUICK REVIEW
πΉ IgM positive
β‘οΈ Possible recent infection
β‘οΈ Confirm/interpret with additional testing.
πΉ IgG positive + IgM negative
β‘οΈ Usually indicates past infection.
πΉ IgG negative + IgM negative
β‘οΈ No serological evidence of previous exposure.
πΉ IgM positive + IgG positive
β‘οΈ Could represent recent infection or persistent IgM
β‘οΈ Consider IgG avidity and/or repeat/confirmatory testing.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π― HIGH-YIELD POINTS
β Most commonly used specimen: Serum
β Main diagnostic approach: Serology
β IgM: Associated with recent infection but may persist
β IgG: Indicates exposure and usually persists long-term
β IgG avidity: Helps estimate the timing of infection
β PCR: Detects T. gondii DNA and is particularly useful in congenital/CNS disease
β οΈ Never diagnose acute toxoplasmosis from IgM positivity alone.
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π MLS / COC / EXIT EXAM TIP
π‘ Remember:
IgM β Think recent
IgG β Think previous exposure
Avidity β Think timing
PCR β Think DNA detection
π§ͺπ¬ Medical Laboratory Science | Serology & Immunology
Share
Telegram: @laboratorypractice
βΆοΈ YouTube: http://youtube.com/@laboratorypractice
ββββββββββββββββββββ
π² Save β’ Share β’ Study β’ Revise
β€5
Coc mcq
1.A 31-year-old woman presents with persistent fever, weight loss, abdominal distension, and progressive fatigue. Examination reveals massive splenomegaly. Complete blood count shows pancytopenia. The clinician strongly suspects visceral leishmaniasis.
The laboratory plans to demonstrate the parasite microscopically. However, the patient has a significant bleeding risk, and the clinician wants to avoid a procedure associated with a higher risk of hemorrhage. A bone marrow aspiration is therefore performed.
The aspirate is stained using Giemsa stain. Several macrophages contain small oval intracellular organisms with a nucleus and a characteristic kinetoplast.
Question: Which combination correctly describes the laboratory finding and the form of the parasite being detected?
A. Promastigotes containing a kinetoplast in erythrocytes
B. Amastigotes containing a nucleus and kinetoplast inside macrophages
C. Tachyzoites containing a nucleus inside neutrophils
D. Sporozoites containing a kinetoplast inside hepatocytes
???????????
Telegram: @laboratorypractice
βΆοΈ YouTube: http://youtube.com/@laboratorypractice
ββββββββββββββββββββ
β€4