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Hematology MCQS

🎓 For Medical Laboratory Students

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1 A regional health bureau manager decided to implement project that reduces mortality
related to chronic disease in a zone. The project team conducted a short survey and identified that
hypertension, diabetic mellitus, and cancer were the main causes of mortality in the community.
To select the problem, the team assessed the consequent suffering and disability on each type of
disease.
What is the most likely problem prioritization criteria applied by the team?
A. Relevance
B. Feasibility
C. Political acceptability
D. Avoidance of duplication

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3 . A team of researchers is planning to conduct a study to determine the prevalence of
hypertension among adults aged 40 and above in a rural community. In a rural kebele, there are
25 to 30 villages where each village comprises of 30 households. The villages are far distant from
each other. A researcher decided to include all adult population in 10 villages.
What is the most likely random sampling technique to select the study participants in this case?
A. Stratified
B. Simple
C. Cluster
D. Multi-stage

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4. Health science researchers want to conduct a study on the presence of malaria disease in a
Woreda's community. They also want to identify the presence or absence of the exposure
variables at the same point in time.
What is the most likely appropriate study design in this case?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case-control
C. Experimental
D. Cohort

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Common Medical Tests, Normal Values, & Associated Condition

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC):
   ⚫️ Hemoglobin:
     - Men: 13.8 to 17.2 g/dL
     - Women: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Polycythemia, dehydration
     ⬇️ Decreased: Anemia, hemorrhage
   ⚫️ Hematocrit:
     - Men: 40.7% to 50.3%
     - Women: 36.1% to 44.3%
     ⬆️ Increased: Polycythemia, dehydration
     ⬇️ Decreased: Anemia, blood loss

2. Blood Glucose:
   ⚫️ Fasting Blood Glucose:
     - 70 to 99 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hypoglycemia, Addison's disease

3. Lipid Profile:
   ⚫️ Total Cholesterol:
     - Less than 200 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism
     ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, hyperthyroidism
   ⚫️ HDL Cholesterol:
     - Men: More than 40 mg/dL
     - Women: More than 50 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Regular exercise, genetic factors
     ⬇️ Decreased: Sedentary lifestyle, smoking
   ⚫️ LDL Cholesterol:
     - Less than 100 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hyperthyroidism, malabsorption
   ⚫️ Triglycerides:
     - Less than 150 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperlipidemia, obesity
     ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, hyperthyroidism

4. Kidney Function Tests:
   ⚫️ Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN):
     - 7 to 20 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Kidney disease, dehydration
     ⬇️ Decreased: Liver disease, malnutrition
   ⚫️ Creatinine:
     - Men: 0.74 to 1.35 mg/dL
     - Women: 0.59 to 1.04 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Kidney disease, muscle damage
     ⬇️ Decreased: Reduced muscle mass, severe liver disease

5. Electrolytes:
   ⚫️ Sodium:
     - 135 to 145 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Dehydration, Cushing's syndrome
     ⬇️ Decreased: Addison's disease, renal failure
   ⚫️ Potassium:
     - 3.6 to 5.2 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Kidney failure, Addison's disease
     ⬇️ Decreased: Diuretic use, Cushing's syndrome
   ⚫️ Chloride:
     - 96 to 106 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Dehydration, metabolic acidosis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Vomiting, metabolic alkalosis
   ⚫️ Bicarbonate:
     - 22 to 29 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis

6. Thyroid Function Tests:
   ⚫️ TSH:
     - 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Hypothyroidism, thyroiditis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hyperthyroidism, pituitary disease
   ⚫️ Free T4:
     - 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency

7. Liver Function Tests:
   ⚫️ ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase):
     - 7 to 56 units/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Liver disease, hepatitis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Usually not clinically significant
   ⚫️ AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase):
     - 10 to 40 units/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Liver disease, muscle damage
     ⬇️ Decreased: Usually not clinically significant
   ⚫️ Bilirubin:
     - Total: 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Liver disease, hemolysis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Usually not clinically significant

8. Calcium:
   - 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
   ⬆️ Increased: Hyperparathyroidism, malignancy
   ⬇️ Decreased: Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency

9. Magnesium:
   - 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL
   ⬆️ Increased: Renal failure, excessive intake
   ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, alcoholism

10. Phosphorus:
    - 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL
    ⬆️ Increased: Renal failure, hypoparathyroidism
    ⬇️ Decreased: Hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition

11. Iron:
    - Men: 65 to 176 µg/dL
    - Women: 50 to 170 µg/dL
    ⬆️ Increased: Hemochromatosis, iron poisoning
    ⬇️ Decreased: Iron deficiency anemia, chronic illness

12. Total Protein:
    - 6.0 to 8.3 g/dL
    ⬆️ Increased: Chronic inflammation, infections
    ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, liver disease


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Assume Medical Laboratory Scientist wants to prepare working solution for creatinine
measurement. And a reagent from the company for this test has two bottles labeled as R1
and RZ and the formula indicated on the leaflet of this reagent is 2R1 4R2 if 100ml can
be consumed for one day, how much reagernt (in m) are you going to take from R1
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