A 4th year student was performing differential white cell count on an apparently healthy control
study participant to determine the relative count. The blood film was well prepared and well
stained using Romanowsky stains. He faced difficulty identifying Neutrophil from Eosinophilic
and asked his supervisor.
What is the most likely key feature is NOT used in this case?
A. Size
B. Number of lobes
C. Primary granules
D. Specific granule

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A laboratory technologist, who was working in a molecular biology laboratory, prepared the
laboratory for the extraction of Nucleic acids from the blood sample. He has planned to extract
and purify the nucleic acids in traditional methods by heating the sample in the presence of
detergents and phenol solution. Furthermore, he has arranged the removed contaminants by
equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride.
What is the most likely nucleic acid to be extracted as per the technologist's work plan?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Cesium chloride
D. Difficult to extract

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A laboratory technologist, who was in a molecular biology laboratory, extracted nucleic acids
from biological samples. Next, he assessed the purity of the extracted samples by taking
spectrophotometer readings at 260 and 280 nm. Accordingly, the ratio of the extracted sample
absorbance at 260/280 was 1.9.
What is the most likely absorbance ratio that indicates the nucleic acid status?
A. Lipid contamination
B. Protein contamination
C. No contamination
D. phenol contamination

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A 4th year student was performing differential white cell count on an apparently healthy control
study participant to determine the relative count. The blood film was well prepared and well
stained using Romanowsky stains. He faced difficulty identifying Neutrophil from Eosinophilic
and asked his supervisor.
What is the most likely key feature is NOT used in this case?
A. Size
B. Number of lobes
C. Primary granules
D. Specific granule

@laboratorypractice

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Hematology MCQS

🎓 For Medical Laboratory Students

📢 @MedicallabAcademy
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1 A regional health bureau manager decided to implement project that reduces mortality
related to chronic disease in a zone. The project team conducted a short survey and identified that
hypertension, diabetic mellitus, and cancer were the main causes of mortality in the community.
To select the problem, the team assessed the consequent suffering and disability on each type of
disease.
What is the most likely problem prioritization criteria applied by the team?
A. Relevance
B. Feasibility
C. Political acceptability
D. Avoidance of duplication

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3 . A team of researchers is planning to conduct a study to determine the prevalence of
hypertension among adults aged 40 and above in a rural community. In a rural kebele, there are
25 to 30 villages where each village comprises of 30 households. The villages are far distant from
each other. A researcher decided to include all adult population in 10 villages.
What is the most likely random sampling technique to select the study participants in this case?
A. Stratified
B. Simple
C. Cluster
D. Multi-stage

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4. Health science researchers want to conduct a study on the presence of malaria disease in a
Woreda's community. They also want to identify the presence or absence of the exposure
variables at the same point in time.
What is the most likely appropriate study design in this case?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case-control
C. Experimental
D. Cohort

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Common Medical Tests, Normal Values, & Associated Condition

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC):
   ⚫️ Hemoglobin:
     - Men: 13.8 to 17.2 g/dL
     - Women: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Polycythemia, dehydration
     ⬇️ Decreased: Anemia, hemorrhage
   ⚫️ Hematocrit:
     - Men: 40.7% to 50.3%
     - Women: 36.1% to 44.3%
     ⬆️ Increased: Polycythemia, dehydration
     ⬇️ Decreased: Anemia, blood loss

2. Blood Glucose:
   ⚫️ Fasting Blood Glucose:
     - 70 to 99 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hypoglycemia, Addison's disease

3. Lipid Profile:
   ⚫️ Total Cholesterol:
     - Less than 200 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism
     ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, hyperthyroidism
   ⚫️ HDL Cholesterol:
     - Men: More than 40 mg/dL
     - Women: More than 50 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Regular exercise, genetic factors
     ⬇️ Decreased: Sedentary lifestyle, smoking
   ⚫️ LDL Cholesterol:
     - Less than 100 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hyperthyroidism, malabsorption
   ⚫️ Triglycerides:
     - Less than 150 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperlipidemia, obesity
     ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, hyperthyroidism

4. Kidney Function Tests:
   ⚫️ Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN):
     - 7 to 20 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Kidney disease, dehydration
     ⬇️ Decreased: Liver disease, malnutrition
   ⚫️ Creatinine:
     - Men: 0.74 to 1.35 mg/dL
     - Women: 0.59 to 1.04 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Kidney disease, muscle damage
     ⬇️ Decreased: Reduced muscle mass, severe liver disease

5. Electrolytes:
   ⚫️ Sodium:
     - 135 to 145 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Dehydration, Cushing's syndrome
     ⬇️ Decreased: Addison's disease, renal failure
   ⚫️ Potassium:
     - 3.6 to 5.2 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Kidney failure, Addison's disease
     ⬇️ Decreased: Diuretic use, Cushing's syndrome
   ⚫️ Chloride:
     - 96 to 106 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Dehydration, metabolic acidosis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Vomiting, metabolic alkalosis
   ⚫️ Bicarbonate:
     - 22 to 29 mEq/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis

6. Thyroid Function Tests:
   ⚫️ TSH:
     - 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Hypothyroidism, thyroiditis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hyperthyroidism, pituitary disease
   ⚫️ Free T4:
     - 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency

7. Liver Function Tests:
   ⚫️ ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase):
     - 7 to 56 units/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Liver disease, hepatitis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Usually not clinically significant
   ⚫️ AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase):
     - 10 to 40 units/L
     ⬆️ Increased: Liver disease, muscle damage
     ⬇️ Decreased: Usually not clinically significant
   ⚫️ Bilirubin:
     - Total: 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL
     ⬆️ Increased: Liver disease, hemolysis
     ⬇️ Decreased: Usually not clinically significant

8. Calcium:
   - 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
   ⬆️ Increased: Hyperparathyroidism, malignancy
   ⬇️ Decreased: Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency

9. Magnesium:
   - 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL
   ⬆️ Increased: Renal failure, excessive intake
   ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, alcoholism

10. Phosphorus:
    - 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL
    ⬆️ Increased: Renal failure, hypoparathyroidism
    ⬇️ Decreased: Hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition

11. Iron:
    - Men: 65 to 176 µg/dL
    - Women: 50 to 170 µg/dL
    ⬆️ Increased: Hemochromatosis, iron poisoning
    ⬇️ Decreased: Iron deficiency anemia, chronic illness

12. Total Protein:
    - 6.0 to 8.3 g/dL
    ⬆️ Increased: Chronic inflammation, infections
    ⬇️ Decreased: Malnutrition, liver disease


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