Medical laboratory science

🧫 Well-Known Fungal Organisms Causing Diseases (Mycology) 🍄
🔹 1️⃣ Candida albicans
💥 Causes: Candidiasis (oral thrush, vaginal yeast infection)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Germ tube test 🌱
• CHROMagar Candida 🧍‍♀️🧍‍♂️
• Gram stain (yeast cells + pseudohyphae) 🔬
🔹 2️⃣ Aspergillus fumigatus
💥 Causes: Aspergillosis (lung infection, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount 🔵
• Culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) 🍞
• Galactomannan antigen test 🧬
🔹 3️⃣ Cryptococcus neoformans
💥 Causes: Cryptococcosis (mainly meningitis in immunocompromised patients)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• India ink preparation ⚫ (capsule seen as clear halo)
• Cryptococcal antigen test (CSF/serum) 💧
• Culture on Bird seed agar 🐦
🔹 4️⃣ Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton)
💥 Causes: Tinea / Ringworm infections 🌀
🧪 Lab Tests:
• KOH mount (skin/hair/nail scraping) 🔍
• Wood’s lamp examination 💡
• Culture on SDA with cycloheximide 🧫
🔹 5️⃣ Histoplasma capsulatum
💥 Causes: Histoplasmosis (respiratory infection) 🌬️
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Giemsa or PAS stain (yeast inside macrophages) 🩸
• Culture (dimorphic fungus: mold ↔ yeast) 🌡️
• Antigen detection test 🧬
📚 Tip: Always handle fungal cultures in a biosafety cabinet 🧤🧼
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