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🏦Old group gatii ajaa'ibaan bitamaa jira! Har'a carraa kanatti fayyadamaa!
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What We Want: Old, ACTIVE Chat Groups! 💬
• Years:
• 👉 2016-2021 📈 (some Groups)
• 👉 2022 📈 (1 Group)
• 👉 2023 📈 (some Groups)
• 👉 2024 📈 (10Groups+ / Jan-Apr)
* 👉 Jan ➡️ [📈]
* 👉 Feb ➡️ [📈]
* 👉 March ➡️ [📈]
* 👉 April ➡️ [📈]
Must Have: 👇
• Full Chat History: (Date of Creation MUST be visible! 📅)
Sell Your Telegram Group Today! 🤝
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• @laboratorypractice 🔬🧑🏼🔬
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❤4
🔬 The Greatest Challenge in the Medical Lab? Ourselves! 🔬
It's not competition from other fields, but the part of us that settles for less. 🙅♀️ When "good enough" becomes the standard, we limit our potential & impact on patient lives. 💔
👉 Being a Medical Laboratory Scientist is MORE than just running tests! It's about:
• 📚 Lifelong Learning: 💡
• 💻 Mastering New Tech: ⚙️
• 🎯 Continuous Improvement: 📈
• ✅ Accurate & Reliable Results: 💯 (Every result guides critical decisions!)
Excellence is a RESPONSIBILITY, not an option! 🌟
🕰️ Yes, it demands dedication, long hours, & attention to detail. BUT...
❤️ It offers the extraordinary chance to be:
• 🤫 Unseen but Essential
• 🙏 Quietly Serving
• 🌍 Making a Profound Difference
🚀 Growth NEVER stops! Reject complacency & strive daily to be better. 💪
🚫 The real obstacle? Internal comfort! 🛋️ The best version of YOU is ahead! ✨ Our patients deserve nothing less. 💖
👇 Share this link with your lab friends! Let's grow the @Laboratorypractice community together! 🚀
It's not competition from other fields, but the part of us that settles for less. 🙅♀️ When "good enough" becomes the standard, we limit our potential & impact on patient lives. 💔
👉 Being a Medical Laboratory Scientist is MORE than just running tests! It's about:
• 📚 Lifelong Learning: 💡
• 💻 Mastering New Tech: ⚙️
• 🎯 Continuous Improvement: 📈
• ✅ Accurate & Reliable Results: 💯 (Every result guides critical decisions!)
Excellence is a RESPONSIBILITY, not an option! 🌟
🕰️ Yes, it demands dedication, long hours, & attention to detail. BUT...
❤️ It offers the extraordinary chance to be:
• 🤫 Unseen but Essential
• 🙏 Quietly Serving
• 🌍 Making a Profound Difference
🚀 Growth NEVER stops! Reject complacency & strive daily to be better. 💪
🚫 The real obstacle? Internal comfort! 🛋️ The best version of YOU is ahead! ✨ Our patients deserve nothing less. 💖
👇 Share this link with your lab friends! Let's grow the @Laboratorypractice community together! 🚀
❤3👌1
@laboratorypractice 👨🔬📚
🧪 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION – KIDNEY FUNCTION 🧠
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
💧 Definition:
Glomerular filtration is the first step of urine formation, where blood is filtered through the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule, forming the filtrate (primary urine).
🏗 STRUCTURES INVOLVED:
🩸 Afferent arteriole → brings blood to the glomerulus.
🧠 Glomerulus → network of capillaries where filtration occurs.
🫧 Bowman’s capsule → collects filtrate from the glomerulus.
🩸 Efferent arteriole → carries blood away after filtration.
🧱 Filtration Barrier (3 Layers):
1️⃣ Fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries
2️⃣ Basement membrane
3️⃣ Podocytes (epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule)
👉 This barrier allows water and small solutes to pass.
🚫 It blocks blood cells and large proteins, keeping them in circulation.
⚡ FORCES DRIVING FILTRATION:
Glomerular filtration is controlled by Starling’s forces 👇
🩸 Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) → pushes fluid into Bowman’s capsule.
🧱 Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) → opposes filtration.
💧 Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) → also opposes filtration.
✅ Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) ≈ 10 mmHg, enough to drive filtration effectively.
📊 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR):
🧪 Normal GFR: 120–125 mL/min
💧 ≈ 180 L/day of filtrate is formed
🔁 Most of this filtrate is reabsorbed by the nephron.
GFR depends on:
Renal blood pressure 🩸
Surface area of glomerulus 🧠
Permeability of the filtration barrier 🧱
⚠️ Low BP → ↓ GFR
⚠️ High BP over time → glomerular damage
🧪 SUBSTANCES FILTERED FREELY:
✅ Water
✅ Electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻)
✅ Glucose, amino acids
✅ Urea & creatinine
🚫 NOT FILTERED:
❌ Blood cells
❌ Large proteins (e.g., albumin)
📌 If protein or blood is detected in urine → may indicate glomerular damage ❗
⚙️ REGULATION OF GFR:
🔄 Autoregulation – myogenic mechanism & tubuloglomerular feedback keep GFR stable.
🧠 RAAS (Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System) – increases BP & GFR when needed.
🫀 Sympathetic stimulation – during stress or shock can decrease GFR temporarily.
📝 SUMMARY TABLE:
FeatureDescription💧
Site
Glomerulus → Bowman’s capsule
🩸 Driving ForceBlood pressure (hydrostatic)
📊 Normal GFR120–125 mL/min (≈ 180 L/day)🧪
Filtered Water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, urea🚫
Not Filtered Blood cells, large proteins⚙️
Regulation Autoregulation, RAAS, sympathetic system
✅ FINAL NOTE:
Glomerular filtration is a pressure-driven process essential for:
Waste removal 🧪
Electrolyte balance ⚡
Blood pressure regulation 🫀
Overall fluid homeostasis 🧠
📌 Any alteration in GFR can indicate kidney disease or systemic issues like dehydration, hypertension, or diabetes.
#LaboratoryPractice #KidneyFunction #GFR #GlomerularFiltration #RenalPhysiology #UrineFormation #MedLab #RenalSystem #MedicalNotes #LabStudents #Physiology
@Laboratorypractice
🧪 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION – KIDNEY FUNCTION 🧠
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
💧 Definition:
Glomerular filtration is the first step of urine formation, where blood is filtered through the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule, forming the filtrate (primary urine).
🏗 STRUCTURES INVOLVED:
🩸 Afferent arteriole → brings blood to the glomerulus.
🧠 Glomerulus → network of capillaries where filtration occurs.
🫧 Bowman’s capsule → collects filtrate from the glomerulus.
🩸 Efferent arteriole → carries blood away after filtration.
🧱 Filtration Barrier (3 Layers):
1️⃣ Fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries
2️⃣ Basement membrane
3️⃣ Podocytes (epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule)
👉 This barrier allows water and small solutes to pass.
🚫 It blocks blood cells and large proteins, keeping them in circulation.
⚡ FORCES DRIVING FILTRATION:
Glomerular filtration is controlled by Starling’s forces 👇
\text{NFP} = \text{GHP} - (\text{CHP} + \text{BCOP}) 🩸 Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) → pushes fluid into Bowman’s capsule.
🧱 Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) → opposes filtration.
💧 Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) → also opposes filtration.
✅ Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) ≈ 10 mmHg, enough to drive filtration effectively.
📊 GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR):
🧪 Normal GFR: 120–125 mL/min
💧 ≈ 180 L/day of filtrate is formed
🔁 Most of this filtrate is reabsorbed by the nephron.
GFR depends on:
Renal blood pressure 🩸
Surface area of glomerulus 🧠
Permeability of the filtration barrier 🧱
⚠️ Low BP → ↓ GFR
⚠️ High BP over time → glomerular damage
🧪 SUBSTANCES FILTERED FREELY:
✅ Water
✅ Electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻)
✅ Glucose, amino acids
✅ Urea & creatinine
🚫 NOT FILTERED:
❌ Blood cells
❌ Large proteins (e.g., albumin)
📌 If protein or blood is detected in urine → may indicate glomerular damage ❗
⚙️ REGULATION OF GFR:
🔄 Autoregulation – myogenic mechanism & tubuloglomerular feedback keep GFR stable.
🧠 RAAS (Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System) – increases BP & GFR when needed.
🫀 Sympathetic stimulation – during stress or shock can decrease GFR temporarily.
📝 SUMMARY TABLE:
FeatureDescription💧
Site
Glomerulus → Bowman’s capsule
🩸 Driving ForceBlood pressure (hydrostatic)
📊 Normal GFR120–125 mL/min (≈ 180 L/day)🧪
Filtered Water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, urea🚫
Not Filtered Blood cells, large proteins⚙️
Regulation Autoregulation, RAAS, sympathetic system
✅ FINAL NOTE:
Glomerular filtration is a pressure-driven process essential for:
Waste removal 🧪
Electrolyte balance ⚡
Blood pressure regulation 🫀
Overall fluid homeostasis 🧠
📌 Any alteration in GFR can indicate kidney disease or systemic issues like dehydration, hypertension, or diabetes.
#LaboratoryPractice #KidneyFunction #GFR #GlomerularFiltration #RenalPhysiology #UrineFormation #MedLab #RenalSystem #MedicalNotes #LabStudents #Physiology
@Laboratorypractice
❤8✍1👍1🔥1
🧠
🩺 RAAS = Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
🧬 Main Function: Regulate blood pressure 🩸 & fluid–electrolyte balance 💧
🔸 1. Trigger:
↓ Blood pressure / ↓ renal perfusion
↓ Na⁺ in distal tubule
Sympathetic activation (β₁ receptors – JG cells)
🔸 2. Renin Release:
Juxtaglomerular cells (afferent arteriole) → secrete Renin
🔸 3. Angiotensin Formation:
Renin converts Angiotensinogen (from liver) → Angiotensin I
ACE (lung endothelium) converts Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II
🔸 4. Effects of Angiotensin II:
🫀 Vasoconstriction → ↑ BP
💧 Stimulates aldosterone (adrenal cortex – zona glomerulosa)
🧠 ↑ ADH secretion (posterior pituitary)
↑ Na⁺ & H₂O reabsorption (proximal & distal tubules)
🔸 5. Aldosterone Action:
Acts on collecting ducts & distal tubule
↑ Na⁺ reabsorption
↑ H₂O retention
↑ K⁺ & H⁺ excretion
🔸 6. Result:
↑ Blood volume & BP
Stabilization of renal perfusion
Maintenance of electrolyte & fluid balance ⚖️
👇 Share this link with your lab friends
@Laboratorypractice
RAAS REGULATION OF KIDNEY – Quick Notes
🩺 RAAS = Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
🧬 Main Function: Regulate blood pressure 🩸 & fluid–electrolyte balance 💧
🔸 1. Trigger:
↓ Blood pressure / ↓ renal perfusion
↓ Na⁺ in distal tubule
Sympathetic activation (β₁ receptors – JG cells)
🔸 2. Renin Release:
Juxtaglomerular cells (afferent arteriole) → secrete Renin
🔸 3. Angiotensin Formation:
Renin converts Angiotensinogen (from liver) → Angiotensin I
ACE (lung endothelium) converts Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II
🔸 4. Effects of Angiotensin II:
🫀 Vasoconstriction → ↑ BP
💧 Stimulates aldosterone (adrenal cortex – zona glomerulosa)
🧠 ↑ ADH secretion (posterior pituitary)
↑ Na⁺ & H₂O reabsorption (proximal & distal tubules)
🔸 5. Aldosterone Action:
Acts on collecting ducts & distal tubule
↑ Na⁺ reabsorption
↑ H₂O retention
↑ K⁺ & H⁺ excretion
🔸 6. Result:
↑ Blood volume & BP
Stabilization of renal perfusion
Maintenance of electrolyte & fluid balance ⚖️
👇 Share this link with your lab friends
@Laboratorypractice
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📌 Vacancy Announcement: Weyibe Medical Center (Addis Ababa)
...
4. Position: Laboratory Technician
• Education: BSc in Medical #Laboratory Technology
• Experience: (#0_year - 5 years experience)
• Required No: 15
...
🔗 Vacancy Details: [Search "Weyibe Medical Center Laboratory Technician" for details.]
Deadline: October 31, 2025
➡️ Share
@laboratory practice
...
4. Position: Laboratory Technician
• Education: BSc in Medical #Laboratory Technology
• Experience: (#0_year - 5 years experience)
• Required No: 15
...
🔗 Vacancy Details: [Search "Weyibe Medical Center Laboratory Technician" for details.]
Deadline: October 31, 2025
➡️ Share
@laboratory practice
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ከ ትንሽ ከቆየ ቦኃላ ይጠፋል
እነዚህ ቻናሎች ለተማሪዎች ጠቃሚ መረጃዎችን፣ የትምህርት ምክሮችን እና አነቃቂ መልዕክቶችን ያቀርባሉ ። አብረን እናድግ!
ꜱᴩᴏɴꜱoreᴅ ʙʏ @Model_Exam
እነዚህ ቻናሎች ለተማሪዎች ጠቃሚ መረጃዎችን፣ የትምህርት ምክሮችን እና አነቃቂ መልዕክቶችን ያቀርባሉ ። አብረን እናድግ!
ꜱᴩᴏɴꜱoreᴅ ʙʏ @Model_Exam
❤2
Forwarded from Medical laboratory science
Test : Polymerase chain reaction
Indications : PCR is ordered for the following:
• Prenatal /post natal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy
• Detect oncogene activation in the case of lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia
• Detect the presence of microbes in the case of infections
• Paternity testing
• Identification of forensic samples
The PCR technique permits a million- fold amplification of small pieces of DNA in several hours. The amplification is performed by multiple cycles of DNA polymerizing enzyme in the presence of known sequences. The procedure is automated with programmable heating blocks to cycle the reaction automatically. The technique has unprecedented sensitivity, being able to use small quantity of DNA from a single cell for amplification.
Physiology : The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary technique that was developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s.
PCR is widely used in the field of molecular biology. It employs DNA polymerase to synthesize new stands of DNA which is complementary to the target sequence (or template).A primer, which is a short sequence of DNA complimentary to the target sequence, is mandatory for amplification of DNA and this makes it possible for the person employing the technique to control it.
The following components are necessary for PCR:
• DNA polymerase
• Target sequence or template
• Primer
• Nucleotides
Interpretation : The target sequence gets exponentially multiplied during PCR method. After several cycles, the reaction reaches a plateau phase and eventually ceases.
Test Method : PCR technique
Related Tests : Depends upon the amplification required.
https://t.me/Laboratorypractice
Indications : PCR is ordered for the following:
• Prenatal /post natal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy
• Detect oncogene activation in the case of lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia
• Detect the presence of microbes in the case of infections
• Paternity testing
• Identification of forensic samples
The PCR technique permits a million- fold amplification of small pieces of DNA in several hours. The amplification is performed by multiple cycles of DNA polymerizing enzyme in the presence of known sequences. The procedure is automated with programmable heating blocks to cycle the reaction automatically. The technique has unprecedented sensitivity, being able to use small quantity of DNA from a single cell for amplification.
Physiology : The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary technique that was developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s.
PCR is widely used in the field of molecular biology. It employs DNA polymerase to synthesize new stands of DNA which is complementary to the target sequence (or template).A primer, which is a short sequence of DNA complimentary to the target sequence, is mandatory for amplification of DNA and this makes it possible for the person employing the technique to control it.
The following components are necessary for PCR:
• DNA polymerase
• Target sequence or template
• Primer
• Nucleotides
Interpretation : The target sequence gets exponentially multiplied during PCR method. After several cycles, the reaction reaches a plateau phase and eventually ceases.
Test Method : PCR technique
Related Tests : Depends upon the amplification required.
https://t.me/Laboratorypractice
❤8
🧫 Well-Known Fungal Organisms Causing Diseases (Mycology) 🍄
🔹 1️⃣ Candida albicans
💥 Causes: Candidiasis (oral thrush, vaginal yeast infection)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Germ tube test 🌱
• CHROMagar Candida 🧍♀️🧍♂️
• Gram stain (yeast cells + pseudohyphae) 🔬
🔹 2️⃣ Aspergillus fumigatus
💥 Causes: Aspergillosis (lung infection, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount 🔵
• Culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) 🍞
• Galactomannan antigen test 🧬
🔹 3️⃣ Cryptococcus neoformans
💥 Causes: Cryptococcosis (mainly meningitis in immunocompromised patients)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• India ink preparation ⚫ (capsule seen as clear halo)
• Cryptococcal antigen test (CSF/serum) 💧
• Culture on Bird seed agar 🐦
🔹 4️⃣ Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton)
💥 Causes: Tinea / Ringworm infections 🌀
🧪 Lab Tests:
• KOH mount (skin/hair/nail scraping) 🔍
• Wood’s lamp examination 💡
• Culture on SDA with cycloheximide 🧫
🔹 5️⃣ Histoplasma capsulatum
💥 Causes: Histoplasmosis (respiratory infection) 🌬️
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Giemsa or PAS stain (yeast inside macrophages) 🩸
• Culture (dimorphic fungus: mold ↔ yeast) 🌡️
• Antigen detection test 🧬
📚 Tip: Always handle fungal cultures in a biosafety cabinet 🧤🧼
📢 Share this post to spread lab knowledge!
#Mycology #LabTests #FungalInfection #
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
@LaboratoryPractice
🔹 1️⃣ Candida albicans
💥 Causes: Candidiasis (oral thrush, vaginal yeast infection)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Germ tube test 🌱
• CHROMagar Candida 🧍♀️🧍♂️
• Gram stain (yeast cells + pseudohyphae) 🔬
🔹 2️⃣ Aspergillus fumigatus
💥 Causes: Aspergillosis (lung infection, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount 🔵
• Culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) 🍞
• Galactomannan antigen test 🧬
🔹 3️⃣ Cryptococcus neoformans
💥 Causes: Cryptococcosis (mainly meningitis in immunocompromised patients)
🧪 Lab Tests:
• India ink preparation ⚫ (capsule seen as clear halo)
• Cryptococcal antigen test (CSF/serum) 💧
• Culture on Bird seed agar 🐦
🔹 4️⃣ Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton)
💥 Causes: Tinea / Ringworm infections 🌀
🧪 Lab Tests:
• KOH mount (skin/hair/nail scraping) 🔍
• Wood’s lamp examination 💡
• Culture on SDA with cycloheximide 🧫
🔹 5️⃣ Histoplasma capsulatum
💥 Causes: Histoplasmosis (respiratory infection) 🌬️
🧪 Lab Tests:
• Giemsa or PAS stain (yeast inside macrophages) 🩸
• Culture (dimorphic fungus: mold ↔ yeast) 🌡️
• Antigen detection test 🧬
📚 Tip: Always handle fungal cultures in a biosafety cabinet 🧤🧼
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