Parasitology blood and tissue exam

📝 Requirements for Selling Old Telegram Groups! 💰



📢Complete information regarding old Telegram Groups when selling)

Your Old Telegram Group MUST Meet These Criteria! ✅

•  ✔ You MUST be the owner of the group to sell it. 🔑
•  ✔ The group MUST have at least 5 or more old chats. 💬
•  ✔ The chat history MUST NOT be hidden (visible to new members who join). 👀
•  ✔ DO NOT delete the old chats. ⛔
•  ✔ Your Telegram account MUST have Two-Step Verification enabled for a smooth transfer. 🔐
•  ✔ The number of members does NOT matter. 🔢

Forgot When You Created the Group? 🤔 Use These Bots! 👇

•  👇 @WhatIOwnBot OR Use Telegram Desktop to find out! 💻
Inbox @Yer_tech
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🎉 Hey Lab Fam! Level Up Your Career With Us! 🔬🧬

Hello fellow Lab Pros! 👋 Are you a Medical Laboratory Scientist or Technician? Then you are at the right place!

I want you to unite for and make this community strong together! I would like you to Join the community to connect with peers, discuss challenges, and expand your knowledge with each other!.

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Want in on the Action? Here's How! 👇

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🚨 Gatiin Ol Aanaa! Old Telegram Groups Ni Bitta! 💰 Don't Miss Out! 💯

🏦Old group gatii ajaa'ibaan bitamaa jira! Har'a carraa kanatti fayyadamaa!

💸We're buying old Telegram groups at AMAZING prices! Today is your chance! 🔥

What We Want: Old, ACTIVE Chat Groups! 💬

• Years:
• 👉 2016-2021 📈 (some Groups)
• 👉 2022 📈 (1 Group)
• 👉 2023 📈 (some Groups)
• 👉 2024 📈 (10Groups+ / Jan-Apr)
* 👉 Jan ➡️ [📈]
* 👉 Feb ➡️ [📈]
* 👉 March ➡️ [📈]
* 👉 April ➡️ [📈]

Must Have: 👇

• Full Chat History: (Date of Creation MUST be visible! 📅)

Sell Your Telegram Group Today! 🤝

• Contact: ➡️ @Yer_tech @Yer_tech @Yer_tech ⬅️
*

Check Out Our Awesome Channels! ✨
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Fast Action Required! 🔥 Don't wait - these deals won't last long! ⏳ Inbox Now!

🩸 Coagulation Testing: A Lab Overview! 🔬

Coagulation tests help us assess the blood clotting process. ⚙️

I. Prothrombin Time (PT) / INR ⏳

•   A. Principle:
    *   Measures the time it takes for plasma to clot after adding tissue factor (thromboplastin) and calcium.
    *   Assesses the *extrinsic* and *common* coagulation pathways.
•   B. Normal Range:
    *   PT: Typically 11-13.5 seconds (varies slightly between labs).
    *   INR: Ideally 0.8-1.1 in healthy individuals; 2.0-3.0 for those on warfarin therapy (target range varies based on indication).
•   C. Causes of Increased PT/INR:
    *   Warfarin therapy (anticoagulant) 💊
    *   Vitamin K deficiency 🥝
    *   Liver disease 🤕
    *   Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 🩸
    *   Factor VII deficiency (rare)
•   D. Effects of Increased PT/INR:
    *   Increased risk of bleeding. 🩸
    *   Excessive bruising. 🤕
    *   Prolonged bleeding after injuries. 🩹
    *   May require adjustments to warfarin dosage. 💊
•   E. Causes of Decreased PT/INR:
    *   Vitamin K supplementation (can interfere with warfarin).
    *   Increased intake of foods rich in vitamin K. 🥬
    *   Conditions causing increased levels of clotting factors (rare).
•   F. Effects of Decreased PT/INR:
    *   Increased risk of blood clots (if on warfarin). 🩸
    *   May require adjustments to warfarin dosage. 💊

II. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) ⏱️

•   A. Principle:
    *   Measures the time it takes for plasma to clot after adding an activator (e.g., kaolin, silica) and calcium.
    *   Assesses the *intrinsic* and *common* coagulation pathways.
•   B. Normal Range:
    *   Typically 25-35 seconds (varies between labs).
•   C. Causes of Increased aPTT:
    *   Heparin therapy (anticoagulant) 💊
    *   Factor deficiencies (VIII, IX, XI, XII) (e.g., hemophilia) 🩸
    *   Von Willebrand disease 🩸
    *   Lupus anticoagulants 🧪
    *   Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 🩸
•   D. Effects of Increased aPTT:
    *   Increased risk of bleeding. 🩸
    *   Excessive bruising. 🤕
    *   Prolonged bleeding after injuries. 🩹
    *   May require adjustments to heparin dosage. 💊
•   E. Causes of Decreased aPTT:
    *   Early stages of DIC (hypercoagulable state).
    *   Increased levels of Factor VIII (can occur in inflammatory conditions).
•   F. Effects of Decreased aPTT:
    *   Increased risk of blood clots (if on heparin). 🩸
    *   May require adjustments to heparin dosage. 💊

III. Fibrinogen Level 🍥

•   A. Principle:
    *   Measures the amount of fibrinogen (Factor I) in the blood.
    *   Fibrinogen is essential for clot formation.
•   B. Normal Range:
    *   Typically 200-400 mg/dL (varies between labs).
•   C. Causes of Increased Fibrinogen:
    *   Acute inflammation (e.g., infection, injury). 🔥
    *   Pregnancy. 🤰
    *   Certain cancers. 🦀
•   D. Effects of Increased Fibrinogen:
    *   Increased risk of blood clots. 🩸
    *   May contribute to cardiovascular disease. ❤️
•   E. Causes of Decreased Fibrinogen:
    *   Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 🩸
    *   Liver disease 🤕
    *   Congenital fibrinogen deficiency (rare).
•   F. Effects of Decreased Fibrinogen:
    *   Increased risk of bleeding. 🩸
    *   Poor wound healing. 🩹

IV. D-dimer 🧩

•   A. Principle:
    *   Measures the amount of D-dimer in the blood.
    *   D-dimer is a breakdown product of cross-linked fibrin, indicating that a clot has formed and is being broken down.
•   B. Normal Range:
    *   Typically < 250 ng/mL (varies between labs).
•   C. Causes of Increased D-dimer:
    *   Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 🦵
    *   Pulmonary embolism ..,....
.......(
👇👇👇👇👇
@laboratorypractice

.......PE). 🫁
    *   Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 🩸
    *   Surgery. 🔪
    *   Pregnancy. 🤰
    *   Cancer. 🦀
•   D. Effects of Increased D-dimer:
    *   Indicates the presence of a blood clot that is being broken down.
    *   May require further investigation to identify the location and cause of the clot.
•   E. Causes of Decreased D-dimer:
    *   D-dimer is not typically decreased below the normal range.
•   F. Effects of Decreased D-dimer:
    *   A normal D-dimer makes a thromboembolic event (DVT or PE) less likely, but does not completely rule it out.

V. Platelet Count 📈

• Principle: The amount of what we have in our blood.
• The normal ranges: 150,000 to 450,000 cells
• When is low level it leads to? Lead bleeding and bruising, you will likely have high risk.
• When is high count? Risk of blood
• This happens to be very import

Understanding Coagulation is Key for Lab Professionals! ❤️ Share this with your colleagues! Follow @Laboratorypractice for more essential lab insights! 🔬

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