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Cancer

🔬
Let's unravel the complexities of cancer. Knowledge is power!
I. What is Cancer? 🤔

•  Definition: A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
•  Process: Normal cells undergo genetic changes (mutations) that allow them to divide rapidly and invade other tissues.

II. Types of Cancer: 🎗️ (There are over 100 types!)
•  Carcinomas: Originate in epithelial cells (skin, lining of organs). Example: Lung cancer, breast cancer.
•  Sarcomas: Arise in connective tissues (bone, muscle, cartilage). Example: Osteosarcoma, liposarcoma.
•  Leukemias: Cancers of the blood-forming cells (bone marrow). Example: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
•  Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymphatic system (lymph nodes, spleen). Example: Hodgkin lymphoma.
•  Melanomas: Originate in melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). Example: Skin melanoma.
•  Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: Arise in the brain or spinal cord.
•  Germ Cell Tumors: Originate in cells that will become sperm or eggs. Example: Testicular cancer, ovarian cancer.
III. Causes of Cancer: ⚠️ (Complex and multifactorial)

•  Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations or acquired mutations due to environmental factors. 🧬
•  Environmental Factors:
  •  Tobacco Use: Leading cause of preventable cancer deaths.
  •  Radiation Exposure: (UV radiation from sun, medical radiation). ☀️
  •  Chemical Exposure: (Asbestos, benzene). 🧪
  •  Infections: (HPV, Hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori). 🦠
  •  Diet: (High in processed foods, low in fruits and vegetables). 🍔🥦
  •  Obesity: Linked to increased risk of several cancers. 🍎
•  Family History: Increased risk if close relatives have had cancer. 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
•  Age: Cancer risk generally increases with age. 👵👴

IV. Is Cancer Transmitted (Contagious)? 🙅‍♀️🙅‍♂️
•  No. Cancer itself is not contagious. You cannot "catch" cancer from someone else.
•  Exception: In rare cases, a virus that causes cancer can be transmitted. (e.g., HPV).

V. Common Symptoms of Cancer: 😔 (Vary widely depending on the type and location)

•  Unexplained Weight Loss: 📉
•  Fatigue: 😴
•  Persistent Cough or Hoarseness: 🗣️
•  Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits: 🚽
•  Unusual Bleeding or Discharge: 🩸
•  Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Other Parts of the Body: 🎗️
•  Changes in a Mole or Wart: 👁️
•  Sores That Do Not Heal: 🤕

VI. Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer: 🔬 (Key for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning)
•  Biopsy: Removal of tissue sample for microscopic examination. 🔪
  •  Histopathology: Examination of tissue structure. 👀
  •  Cytology: Examination of individual cells. 🔎
•  Blood Tests:
  •  Complete Blood Count (CBC): Can reveal abnormalities in blood cells (leukemia). 📊
  •  Tumor Markers: Substances produced by cancer cells that can be detected in the blood (e.g., PSA for prostate cancer, CA-125 for ovarian cancer). 📈
•  Imaging Tests:
  •  X-rays: 🦴
  •  CT Scans: 🖥️
  •  MRI Scans: 🧲
  •  PET Scans: ☢️
•  Molecular Tests: (increasingly important)
  •  Genetic Testing: Identifies mutations driving cancer growth. 🧬
  •  Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Detects specific proteins in cancer cells. 🧪
  •  Flow Cytometry: Identifies cell types and markers in blood or bone marrow (leukemia/lymphoma). 🧫

VII. Laboratory Results: Interpreting the Data 📈📉

•  Pathology Report: 📝
•  Blood Test Results: Used in combination with other tests to assess the extent of the disease and monitor treatment response.
• Tumor Marker Levels: Can indicate the presence of cancer or response to therapy.

Early Detection Saves Lives! ❤️ Share this information with your loved ones! Follow @Laboratoryfree and @laboratorypractice for more health insights! 🌍

#ጥቆማ
#EthiopianAirlines

የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ ብቁ የሆኑ ተለማማጅ የማርኬቲንግ ባለሙያዎችን (School of Marketing Trainee) አወዳድሮ መቅጠር ይፈልጋል፡፡

➤ የሥራ መደብ፦ School of Marketing Trainee
➤ ተፈላጊ የትምህርት ደረጃ፦ የዩኒቨርሲቲ መግቢያ ፈተና ቢያንስ 300 ውጤት ያለው/ያላት
➤ ዕድሜ፦ ከ 18-25

የምዝገባ ቀናት፦ ከነሐሴ 05-09/2017 ዓ.ም

የምዝገባ ቦታዎች፦

➫ አዲስ አበባ፦ በኦንላይን
➫ አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ አዳማ
➫ አምቦ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ አምቦ
➫ አርባ ምንጭ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ አርባ ምንጭ
➫ አሶሳ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ አሶሳ
➫ ባህር ዳር ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ባህር ዳር
➫ ወሎ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ወሎ
➫ ድሬዳዋ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ድሬዳዋ
➫ ጋምቤላ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ጋምቤላ
➫ ጎንደር ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ጎንደር
➫ ሐረማያ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ሐረር ካምፓስ፣ ሐረር
➫ ሀዋሳ ኤርፖርት፣ ሀዋሳ
➫ ጅግጅጋ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ጅግጅጋ
➫ ጅማ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ጅማ
➫ መቐለ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ መቐለ
➫ መደ ወላቡ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ሮቤ
➫ ወለጋ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ነቀምቴ
➫ ሰመራ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ሰመራ
➫ ወልቂጤ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ወልቂጤ
➫ ሻሸመኔ ፖሊቴክኒክ ኮሌጅ፦ ሻሸመኔ

ለምዝገባ የሚያስፈልጉ፦
አንድ ፓስፖርት መጠን ፎቶግራፍ፣ የ8ኛ ክፍል ካርድ፣ የ10ኛ ክፍል ሰርተፊኬት፣ የ12ኛ ክፍል ሰርተፊኬት፣ የትምህርት ማስረጃ ዲግሪ፣ የልደት ሰርተፊኬት እና የቀበሌ መታወቂያ፡፡ የሰነዶችዎንና የትምህርት ማስረጃዎችዎን ዋናውንና ኮፒውን ስካን በማድረግ ማያያዝ ይጠበቅብዎታል፡፡

ከአዲስ አበባ ውጪ፣ አመልካቾች በተገለፁት ቦታዎች በአካል በመገኘት ማመልከት ይጠበቅባቸዋል፡፡

@Laboratorypractice

1. A 50-year-old man presents with fatigue, weakness, and a history of heavy alcohol use.
  •  Correct Answer: B) Sideroblastic anemia
      Explanation:*
2. A 65-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with fatigue and pallor.
  •  Correct Answer: B) Chronic inflammation
      Explanation:*

3. A 30-year-old pregnant woman with Crohn's disease presents with fatigue and shortness of breath.
  •  Correct Answer: C) Folate deficiency due to malabsorption
      Explanation:* The pregnant woman with Crohn's who is has issues to absorb Folate

4. A 60-year-old man with alcoholism is admitted with severe liver disease.
  •  Correct Answer: D) Liver disease
      Explanation:* Given the macrocytic anemia liver diesasw is know

5. A 20-year-old African American man presents with fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine after taking a sulfa drug.
  •  Correct Answer: C) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
      Explanation:* After the result the test result has the g6pd deficience.

6. A 70-year-old man presents with progressive fatigue and bone pain.
  •  Correct Answer: A) Multiple myeloma
      Explanation:* Based on the result bone pain is related with multple myeloma.

7. A 45-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with fatigue.
  •  Correct Answer: B) Anemia of chronic disease
      Explanation:* Given the Rheumatoid Arthritis it cause fatigue

8. A 25-year-old male patient with a history of Crohn's disease presents with fatigue.
  •  Correct Answer: B) Malabsorption of iron
      Explanation:* Chron's affect the absorption and cause fatigue

9. A 60-year-old woman with a history of heart failure presents with fatigue and shortness of breath.
  •  Correct Answer: C) Erythropoietin deficiency
      Explanation:* Based on the heart failure can cause epo deficiency

10. A 35-year-old man presents with fatigue, pallor, and a sore tongue.
  •  Correct Answer: C) Vitamin B12 deficiency
      Explanation:* This is due with fatigue that what cause B12 vitamin deffieicny.

11. A 50-year-old man presents with fatigue, dyspnea, and dark urine.
  •  Correct Answer: B) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      Explanation:* If all does go againsy with result. That result with dark urine and all symptons

12. A 28-year-old pregnant woman, in her third trimester, presents with fatigue.
  •  Correct Answer: d) Iron deficiency
  *Explanation: is low on serum, which for pregnancy needs more iron.

13. A 68-year-old male with a history of COPD, presents with fatigue.
  •  Correct Answer: d) Chronic disease
      Explanation: * For this serum is that COPD lead for what that is has

14. A 22-year-old male of Mediterranean descent, is tested as part of a pre-marital screen.
  •  Correct Answer: a) Alpha Thalassemia trait
      Explanation:* For the medetiterra is mainly can Alpha that what shows for this.

15. A 75-year-old female, vegan, presents with fatigue and peripheral neuropathy.
  •  Correct Answer: d) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
      Explanation:* What cause and not getting this is more can be this.

16. A 30-year-old African American male presents with fatigue, back pain, and dark urine
  •  Correct Answer: b) Anemia
  *explanation: What the Anemia it effects on this as the back and sides.

17. A 45-year-old male presents with high alcohol intakes.
*What will be expect result on the bone marrow?
  (b) Hypo cellular
The explanation with cell is there will be Hypo cellularity

18. A 22-year-old African American presents with his blood.
*What would you expect on the patient is?
a) G6DP deficiency
Blacks if they test can have G6pd to cause it.
      
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