▌🩸 Anemia Multiple Choice Questions (35)
1. The MCV is most useful in classifying which type of anemia?
a) Anemia of Chronic Disease
b) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
d) Sickle Cell Anemia
Answer: (c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
2. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and pica. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Folate Deficiency
b) B12 Deficiency
c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
d) Aplastic Anemia
Answer: (c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
3. Which lab finding is most characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?
a) Elevated ferritin
b) Elevated MCV
c) Elevated TIBC
d) Elevated reticulocyte count
Answer: (c) Elevated TIBC
4. The hallmark finding on peripheral blood smear in a patient with sickle cell anemia is:
a) Target cells
b) Spherocytes
c) Sickle cells
d) Howell-Jolly bodies
Answer: (c) Sickle cells
5. Which anemia is most associated with neurological symptoms?
a) Iron deficiency anemia
b) Folate deficiency anemia
c) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
d) Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: (c) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
6. What is the primary mechanism of anemia in anemia of chronic disease?
a) Increased blood loss
b) Impaired iron utilization
c) Decreased erythropoietin production
d) Destruction of red blood cells
Answer: (b) Impaired iron utilization
7. What is the most common cause of macrocytic anemia?
a) Iron deficiency
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
c) Blood Loss
d) Chronic disease
Answer: (b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
8. Which of the following is least likely to cause anemia?
a) Chronic kidney disease
b) Acute blood loss
c) Folate deficiency
d) Viral infection
Answer: (d) Viral infection
9. A patient with chronic alcohol use develops macrocytic anemia. What is the most likely cause?
a) Folate deficiency
b) Iron deficiency
c) Vitamin B12 deficiency
d) Alcohol's direct effect on erythropoiesis
Answer: (a) Folate deficiency
10. Which finding on a peripheral blood smear is most suggestive of a hemolytic anemia?
a) Target cells
b) Spherocytes
c) Howell-Jolly bodies
d) Schistocytes
Answer: (d) Schistocytes
11. A 60-year-old male presents with fatigue and jaundice. Labs show low Hgb, high bilirubin, and spherocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Hereditary spherocytosis
c) Thalassemia
d) Iron deficiency anemia
Answer: (b) Hereditary spherocytosis
12. Which test is most useful in evaluating for autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
a) Serum ferritin
b) Direct Coombs test
c) Hemoglobin electrophoresis
d) Vitamin B12 level
Answer: (b) Direct Coombs test
13. What is the primary treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
a) Vitamin B12 injections
b) Blood transfusion
c) Oral iron supplementation
d) Folate supplementation
Answer: (c) Oral iron supplementation
14. What is the best indicator of iron stores in the body?
a) Serum iron
b) TIBC
c) Ferritin
d) Transferrin saturation
Answer: (c) Ferritin
15. What is the characteristic finding on peripheral blood smear in thalassemia?
a) Spherocytes
b) Target cells
c) Sickle cells
d) Howell-Jolly bodies
Answer: (b) Target cells
16. The most common type of anemia worldwide is:
a) Vitamin B12 deficiency
b) Iron deficiency
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Folate deficiency
Answer: (b) Iron deficiency
17. Which of the following is least likely to cause microcytic anemia?
a) Iron deficiency
b) Thalassemia
c) Anemia of chronic disease
d) Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: (d) Vitamin B12 deficiency
18. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Theth chronic kidney disease develops anemia. The *primary* cause is:
a) Blood loss
b) Iron deficiency
c) Decreased erythropoietin production
d) Hemolysis
Answer: (c) Decreased erythropoietin production
19. Which of the following is *not* typically seen in a patient with aplastic anemia?
a) Anemia
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Leukocytosis
d) Reticulocytopenia
Answer: (c) Leukocytosis
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1. The MCV is most useful in classifying which type of anemia?
a) Anemia of Chronic Disease
b) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
d) Sickle Cell Anemia
Answer: (c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
2. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and pica. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Folate Deficiency
b) B12 Deficiency
c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
d) Aplastic Anemia
Answer: (c) Iron Deficiency Anemia
3. Which lab finding is most characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?
a) Elevated ferritin
b) Elevated MCV
c) Elevated TIBC
d) Elevated reticulocyte count
Answer: (c) Elevated TIBC
4. The hallmark finding on peripheral blood smear in a patient with sickle cell anemia is:
a) Target cells
b) Spherocytes
c) Sickle cells
d) Howell-Jolly bodies
Answer: (c) Sickle cells
5. Which anemia is most associated with neurological symptoms?
a) Iron deficiency anemia
b) Folate deficiency anemia
c) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
d) Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: (c) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
6. What is the primary mechanism of anemia in anemia of chronic disease?
a) Increased blood loss
b) Impaired iron utilization
c) Decreased erythropoietin production
d) Destruction of red blood cells
Answer: (b) Impaired iron utilization
7. What is the most common cause of macrocytic anemia?
a) Iron deficiency
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
c) Blood Loss
d) Chronic disease
Answer: (b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
8. Which of the following is least likely to cause anemia?
a) Chronic kidney disease
b) Acute blood loss
c) Folate deficiency
d) Viral infection
Answer: (d) Viral infection
9. A patient with chronic alcohol use develops macrocytic anemia. What is the most likely cause?
a) Folate deficiency
b) Iron deficiency
c) Vitamin B12 deficiency
d) Alcohol's direct effect on erythropoiesis
Answer: (a) Folate deficiency
10. Which finding on a peripheral blood smear is most suggestive of a hemolytic anemia?
a) Target cells
b) Spherocytes
c) Howell-Jolly bodies
d) Schistocytes
Answer: (d) Schistocytes
11. A 60-year-old male presents with fatigue and jaundice. Labs show low Hgb, high bilirubin, and spherocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Hereditary spherocytosis
c) Thalassemia
d) Iron deficiency anemia
Answer: (b) Hereditary spherocytosis
12. Which test is most useful in evaluating for autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
a) Serum ferritin
b) Direct Coombs test
c) Hemoglobin electrophoresis
d) Vitamin B12 level
Answer: (b) Direct Coombs test
13. What is the primary treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
a) Vitamin B12 injections
b) Blood transfusion
c) Oral iron supplementation
d) Folate supplementation
Answer: (c) Oral iron supplementation
14. What is the best indicator of iron stores in the body?
a) Serum iron
b) TIBC
c) Ferritin
d) Transferrin saturation
Answer: (c) Ferritin
15. What is the characteristic finding on peripheral blood smear in thalassemia?
a) Spherocytes
b) Target cells
c) Sickle cells
d) Howell-Jolly bodies
Answer: (b) Target cells
16. The most common type of anemia worldwide is:
a) Vitamin B12 deficiency
b) Iron deficiency
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Folate deficiency
Answer: (b) Iron deficiency
17. Which of the following is least likely to cause microcytic anemia?
a) Iron deficiency
b) Thalassemia
c) Anemia of chronic disease
d) Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: (d) Vitamin B12 deficiency
18. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Theth chronic kidney disease develops anemia. The *primary* cause is:
a) Blood loss
b) Iron deficiency
c) Decreased erythropoietin production
d) Hemolysis
Answer: (c) Decreased erythropoietin production
19. Which of the following is *not* typically seen in a patient with aplastic anemia?
a) Anemia
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Leukocytosis
d) Reticulocytopenia
Answer: (c) Leukocytosis
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20. Which of the following is *most* commonly associated with a macrocytic anemia?
a) Alcoholism
b) Renal failure
c) Chronic blood loss
d) Iron deficiency
Answer: (a) Alcoholism
21. Which of the following is the *most* sensitive test to diagnose IDA?
(a) Low hemoglobin
(b) Low MCV
(c) Low ferritin
(d) High TIBC
Answer: (c) Low ferritin
22. The presence of what cells on a peripheral smear suggest an autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
(a) Howell-Jolly bodies
(b) Spherocytes
(c) Schistocytes
(d) Target cells
Answer: (b) Spherocytes
23. Which of the following lab findings is *most* consistent with folate deficiency?
(a) Decreased MCV
(b) Decreased MCH
(c) Increased homocysteine
(d) Increased methylmalonic acid
Answer: (c) Increased homocysteine
24. Which of the following is *most* important in the initial evaluation of a patient with anemia?
(a) Reticulocyte count
(b) Iron studies
(c) Peripheral blood smear
(d) Vitamin B12 level
Answer: (a) Reticulocyte count
25. Which of the following is *least* likely to be associated with hemolysis?
(a) High indirect bilirubin
(b) Low haptoglobin
(c) Increased LDH
(d) High ferritin
Answer: (d) High ferritin
26. A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, and a CBC revealed a decrease in hematocrit. what test would you order?
(a) Serum iron
(b) peripheral blood smear
(c) Vitamin B12 test
(d) none of the above
Answer: (b) peripheral blood smear
27. A 30 year old with fatigue with MCV result is 70, what would you expect in a result?
(a) Low ferritin
(b) Low hemoglobin
(c) High RDW
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
28. A 60-year-old man presented with jaundice and fatigue what test is needed?
(a) Coombs test
(b) Indirect bilirubin
(c) Peripheral blood smear
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
29. Which of the following is the *most* common cause of microcytic anemia?
(a) Iron deficiency
(b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
(c) Blood Loss
(d) Chronic disease
Answer: (a) Iron deficiency
30. Which finding on a peripheral blood smear is *most* suggestive of a hemolytic anemia?
(a) Target cells
(b) Spherocytes
(c) Howell-Jolly bodies
(d) Schistocytes
Answer: (d) Schistocytes
31. Which of the following is *most* likely to result from acute blood loss?
(a) Macrocytic, hypochromic anemia
(b) Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
(c) Normocytic, normochromic anemia
(d) Macrocytic, normochromic anemia
Answer: (c) Normocytic, normochromic anemia
32. What is the *primary* treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
(a) Vitamin B12 injections
(b) Blood transfusion
(c) Oral iron supplementation
(d) Folate supplementation
Answer: (c) Oral iron supplementation
33. What is the *best* indicator of iron stores in the body?
(a) Serum iron
(b) TIBC
(c) Ferritin
(d) Transferrin saturation
Answer: (c) Ferritin
34. What is the *characteristic* finding on peripheral blood smear in thalassemia?
(a) Spherocytes
(b) Target cells
(c) Sickle cells
(d) Howell-Jolly bodies
Answer: (b) Target cells
35. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. The *primary* cause is:
(a) Blood loss
(b) Iron deficiency
(c) Decreased erythropoiet
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a) Alcoholism
b) Renal failure
c) Chronic blood loss
d) Iron deficiency
Answer: (a) Alcoholism
21. Which of the following is the *most* sensitive test to diagnose IDA?
(a) Low hemoglobin
(b) Low MCV
(c) Low ferritin
(d) High TIBC
Answer: (c) Low ferritin
22. The presence of what cells on a peripheral smear suggest an autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
(a) Howell-Jolly bodies
(b) Spherocytes
(c) Schistocytes
(d) Target cells
Answer: (b) Spherocytes
23. Which of the following lab findings is *most* consistent with folate deficiency?
(a) Decreased MCV
(b) Decreased MCH
(c) Increased homocysteine
(d) Increased methylmalonic acid
Answer: (c) Increased homocysteine
24. Which of the following is *most* important in the initial evaluation of a patient with anemia?
(a) Reticulocyte count
(b) Iron studies
(c) Peripheral blood smear
(d) Vitamin B12 level
Answer: (a) Reticulocyte count
25. Which of the following is *least* likely to be associated with hemolysis?
(a) High indirect bilirubin
(b) Low haptoglobin
(c) Increased LDH
(d) High ferritin
Answer: (d) High ferritin
26. A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, and a CBC revealed a decrease in hematocrit. what test would you order?
(a) Serum iron
(b) peripheral blood smear
(c) Vitamin B12 test
(d) none of the above
Answer: (b) peripheral blood smear
27. A 30 year old with fatigue with MCV result is 70, what would you expect in a result?
(a) Low ferritin
(b) Low hemoglobin
(c) High RDW
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
28. A 60-year-old man presented with jaundice and fatigue what test is needed?
(a) Coombs test
(b) Indirect bilirubin
(c) Peripheral blood smear
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
29. Which of the following is the *most* common cause of microcytic anemia?
(a) Iron deficiency
(b) Vitamin B12 deficiency
(c) Blood Loss
(d) Chronic disease
Answer: (a) Iron deficiency
30. Which finding on a peripheral blood smear is *most* suggestive of a hemolytic anemia?
(a) Target cells
(b) Spherocytes
(c) Howell-Jolly bodies
(d) Schistocytes
Answer: (d) Schistocytes
31. Which of the following is *most* likely to result from acute blood loss?
(a) Macrocytic, hypochromic anemia
(b) Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
(c) Normocytic, normochromic anemia
(d) Macrocytic, normochromic anemia
Answer: (c) Normocytic, normochromic anemia
32. What is the *primary* treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
(a) Vitamin B12 injections
(b) Blood transfusion
(c) Oral iron supplementation
(d) Folate supplementation
Answer: (c) Oral iron supplementation
33. What is the *best* indicator of iron stores in the body?
(a) Serum iron
(b) TIBC
(c) Ferritin
(d) Transferrin saturation
Answer: (c) Ferritin
34. What is the *characteristic* finding on peripheral blood smear in thalassemia?
(a) Spherocytes
(b) Target cells
(c) Sickle cells
(d) Howell-Jolly bodies
Answer: (b) Target cells
35. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. The *primary* cause is:
(a) Blood loss
(b) Iron deficiency
(c) Decreased erythropoiet
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............ continue from yesterday
*primary* cause is:
(a) Blood loss
(b) Iron deficiency
(c) Decreased erythropoietin production
(d) Hemolysis
Answer: (c) Decreased erythropoietin production
36. Which of the following is *not* typically seen in a patient with aplastic anemia?
(a) Anemia
(b) Thrombocytopenia
(c) Leukocytosis
(d) Reticulocytopenia
Answer: (c) Leukocytosis
37. Which of the following is *most* commonly associated with a macrocytic anemia?
(a) Alcoholism
(b) Renal failure
(c) Chronic blood loss
(d) Iron deficiency
Answer: (a) Alcoholism
38. A patient with fatigue presents with Low Hgb and MCH and MCV, What would expect in results?
(a) High ferritin
(b) Low hemoglobin
(c) High RDW
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
39. What is *most* useful to differentiate between IDA and ACD?
(a) Peripheral blood smear
(b) Iron studies
(c) B12 level
(d) bone marrow
Answer: (b) Iron studies
40. Which cells can you see on peripheral blood that means for anemia?
(a) basophilic stippling
(b) Howell-Jolly bodies
(c) Spherocytes
(d) all
Answer: (d) All
---
1. The *hallmark* finding in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is:
a) Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22))
b) Auer rods
c) Smudge cells
d) Lymphocytosis
Answer: (a) Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22))
2. The *most* common type of leukemia in children is:
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (c) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
3. Auer rods are *most* characteristic of which type of leukemia?
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
d) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Answer: (c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
4. Smudge cells are commonly seen in:
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
d) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Answer: (c) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
5. The *best* test to confirm the diagnosis of CML is:
a) Peripheral blood smear
b) Bone marrow biopsy
c) Flow cytometry
d) Cytogenetic analysis
Answer: (d) Cytogenetic analysis
6. The *characteristic* finding in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is:
a) Auer rods
b) Philadelphia chromosome
c) t(15;17) translocation
d) Smudge cells
Answer: (c) t(15;17) translocation
7. Which of the following is *most* likely to present with pancytopenia?
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Answer: (b) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
8. A patient presents with fatigue, easy bruising, and bone pain. A bone marrow biopsy reveals >20% blasts. Diagnosis?
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Acute Leukemia (AML/ALL)
d) Polycythemia Vera
Answer: (c) Acute Leukemia (AML/ALL)
9. The *best* initial test to differentiate between AML and ALL is:
a) Complete Blood Count (CBC)
b) Peripheral blood smear
c) Bone marrow biopsy
d) Flow cytometry
Answer: (b) Peripheral blood smear
10. Which type of leukemia is *most* associated with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
**Answer: (c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (C
ML)**
11. What is the *most* common cause of death in patients with leukemia?
a) Anemia
b) Infection
c) Bleeding
d) Organ failure
Answer: (b) Infection
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*primary* cause is:
(a) Blood loss
(b) Iron deficiency
(c) Decreased erythropoietin production
(d) Hemolysis
Answer: (c) Decreased erythropoietin production
36. Which of the following is *not* typically seen in a patient with aplastic anemia?
(a) Anemia
(b) Thrombocytopenia
(c) Leukocytosis
(d) Reticulocytopenia
Answer: (c) Leukocytosis
37. Which of the following is *most* commonly associated with a macrocytic anemia?
(a) Alcoholism
(b) Renal failure
(c) Chronic blood loss
(d) Iron deficiency
Answer: (a) Alcoholism
38. A patient with fatigue presents with Low Hgb and MCH and MCV, What would expect in results?
(a) High ferritin
(b) Low hemoglobin
(c) High RDW
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
39. What is *most* useful to differentiate between IDA and ACD?
(a) Peripheral blood smear
(b) Iron studies
(c) B12 level
(d) bone marrow
Answer: (b) Iron studies
40. Which cells can you see on peripheral blood that means for anemia?
(a) basophilic stippling
(b) Howell-Jolly bodies
(c) Spherocytes
(d) all
Answer: (d) All
---
### ⚔️ Leukemia Multiple Choice Questions
1. The *hallmark* finding in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is:
a) Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22))
b) Auer rods
c) Smudge cells
d) Lymphocytosis
Answer: (a) Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22))
2. The *most* common type of leukemia in children is:
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (c) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
3. Auer rods are *most* characteristic of which type of leukemia?
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
d) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Answer: (c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
4. Smudge cells are commonly seen in:
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
d) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Answer: (c) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
5. The *best* test to confirm the diagnosis of CML is:
a) Peripheral blood smear
b) Bone marrow biopsy
c) Flow cytometry
d) Cytogenetic analysis
Answer: (d) Cytogenetic analysis
6. The *characteristic* finding in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is:
a) Auer rods
b) Philadelphia chromosome
c) t(15;17) translocation
d) Smudge cells
Answer: (c) t(15;17) translocation
7. Which of the following is *most* likely to present with pancytopenia?
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Answer: (b) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
8. A patient presents with fatigue, easy bruising, and bone pain. A bone marrow biopsy reveals >20% blasts. Diagnosis?
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Acute Leukemia (AML/ALL)
d) Polycythemia Vera
Answer: (c) Acute Leukemia (AML/ALL)
9. The *best* initial test to differentiate between AML and ALL is:
a) Complete Blood Count (CBC)
b) Peripheral blood smear
c) Bone marrow biopsy
d) Flow cytometry
Answer: (b) Peripheral blood smear
10. Which type of leukemia is *most* associated with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
**Answer: (c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (C
ML)**
11. What is the *most* common cause of death in patients with leukemia?
a) Anemia
b) Infection
c) Bleeding
d) Organ failure
Answer: (b) Infection
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12. The *most* appropriate treatment for a patient with CML is:
a) Chemotherapy
b) Bone marrow transplant
c) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
d) Immunotherapy
Answer: (c) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
13. A 70-year-old patient presents with lymphocytosis and smudge cells. What is the *most* likely diagnosis?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
14. Which of the following is *most* associated with Down syndrome?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
15. The *hallmark* of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is:
a) Lymphocytosis
b) The presence of Auer rods
c) High WBC count
d) The Philadelphia chromosome
Answer: (b) The presence of Auer rods
16. Which lab finding is *most* suggestive of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)?
a) Basophilia
b) Hyperleukocytosis
c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d) Smudge cells
Answer: (c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
17. A patient presents with a very high white blood cell count (WBC). Which type of leukemia is *most* likely?
a) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
d) Hairy Cell Leukemia
Answer: (b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
18. Which of the following is the *most* common type of leukemia in adults?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
19. The presence of blasts in the peripheral blood *most* commonly indicates:
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Acute Leukemia (AML or ALL)
d) Multiple Myeloma
Answer: (c) Acute Leukemia (AML or ALL)
20. Which of the following is *least* likely to be associated with leukemia?
a) Anemia
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Leukocytosis
d) Increased erythropoietin
Answer: (d) Increased erythropoietin
21. Which of the following is *best* evaluated using flow cytometry?
(a) Smudge cells
(b) Lymphocytosis
(c) Blast morphology
(d) Immunophenotyping
Answer: (d) Immunophenotyping
22. Which chromosomal abnormality is *most* associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
(a) Trisomy 21
(b) t(9;22)
(c) t(15;17)
(d) Trisomy 8
Answer: (b) t(9;22)
23. What is the *hallmark* finding in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
(a) Lymphocytosis
(b) Philadelphia chromosome
(c) Auer rods
(d) Smudge cells
Answer: (c) Auer rods
24. A 25-year-old male presents with fatigue, bruising, and bone pain. CBC shows high WBC with blasts. What's next?
(a) Repeat CBC in 2 weeks
(b) Bone marrow biopsy
(c) CT scan of the chest
(d) Peripheral blood smear
Answer: (b) Bone marrow biopsy
25. What is the *best* initial test to differentiate between AML and ALL?
(a) CBC
(b) Peripheral blood smear
(c) Bone marrow biopsy
(d) Flow cytometry
Answer: (b) Peripheral blood smear
26. An elderly patient with a high WBC and smudge cells presents with:
(a) Chemotherapy
(b) Blood transfusion
(c) Watch and wait
(d) Tyrosine Kinase
**A
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a) Chemotherapy
b) Bone marrow transplant
c) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
d) Immunotherapy
Answer: (c) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
13. A 70-year-old patient presents with lymphocytosis and smudge cells. What is the *most* likely diagnosis?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
14. Which of the following is *most* associated with Down syndrome?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
15. The *hallmark* of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is:
a) Lymphocytosis
b) The presence of Auer rods
c) High WBC count
d) The Philadelphia chromosome
Answer: (b) The presence of Auer rods
16. Which lab finding is *most* suggestive of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)?
a) Basophilia
b) Hyperleukocytosis
c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d) Smudge cells
Answer: (c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
17. A patient presents with a very high white blood cell count (WBC). Which type of leukemia is *most* likely?
a) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
d) Hairy Cell Leukemia
Answer: (b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
18. Which of the following is the *most* common type of leukemia in adults?
a) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
b) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
c) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer: (d) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
19. The presence of blasts in the peripheral blood *most* commonly indicates:
a) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
b) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
c) Acute Leukemia (AML or ALL)
d) Multiple Myeloma
Answer: (c) Acute Leukemia (AML or ALL)
20. Which of the following is *least* likely to be associated with leukemia?
a) Anemia
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Leukocytosis
d) Increased erythropoietin
Answer: (d) Increased erythropoietin
21. Which of the following is *best* evaluated using flow cytometry?
(a) Smudge cells
(b) Lymphocytosis
(c) Blast morphology
(d) Immunophenotyping
Answer: (d) Immunophenotyping
22. Which chromosomal abnormality is *most* associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
(a) Trisomy 21
(b) t(9;22)
(c) t(15;17)
(d) Trisomy 8
Answer: (b) t(9;22)
23. What is the *hallmark* finding in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
(a) Lymphocytosis
(b) Philadelphia chromosome
(c) Auer rods
(d) Smudge cells
Answer: (c) Auer rods
24. A 25-year-old male presents with fatigue, bruising, and bone pain. CBC shows high WBC with blasts. What's next?
(a) Repeat CBC in 2 weeks
(b) Bone marrow biopsy
(c) CT scan of the chest
(d) Peripheral blood smear
Answer: (b) Bone marrow biopsy
25. What is the *best* initial test to differentiate between AML and ALL?
(a) CBC
(b) Peripheral blood smear
(c) Bone marrow biopsy
(d) Flow cytometry
Answer: (b) Peripheral blood smear
26. An elderly patient with a high WBC and smudge cells presents with:
(a) Chemotherapy
(b) Blood transfusion
(c) Watch and wait
(d) Tyrosine Kinase
**A
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▌🩸 Anemia (10 more, following the pattern from your previous exam)
Question 3:
A 30-year-old pregnant woman presents with fatigue and shortness of breath. She has a history of Crohn's disease.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.2 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL
• MCV: 105 fL
• Serum Folate: Low
• Serum B12: Normal
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Macrocytic red blood cells, hypersegmented neutrophils
What is the most likely cause of her anemia?
• A) Iron deficiency due to pregnancy
• B) Vitamin B12 deficiency due to Crohn's
• C) Folate deficiency due to malabsorption
• D) Hemolysis
Question 4:
A 60-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism is admitted to the hospital with severe liver disease.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 2.8 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 8.5 g/dL
• MCV: 110 fL
• Reticulocyte count: 1%
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Macrocytic red blood cells, target cells
What is the most likely cause of his anemia?
• A) Iron deficiency
• B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
• C) Folate deficiency
• D) Liver disease
Question 5:
A 20-year-old African American man presents with fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine after taking a sulfa drug.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 2.5 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 7.5 g/dL
• Reticulocyte count: 10%
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Schistocytes, bite cells
What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A) Hereditary spherocytosis
• B) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• C) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
• D) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Question 6:
A 70-year-old man presents with progressive fatigue and bone pain.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.5 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 10.5 g/dL
• MCV: 90 fL
• Serum calcium: Elevated
• Serum creatinine: Elevated
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Rouleaux formation
What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
• A) Multiple myeloma
• B) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• C) Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
• D) Metastatic cancer
Question 7:
A 45-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with fatigue.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.0 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL
• MCV: 82 fL
• Serum iron: Low
• TIBC: Low
• Serum ferritin: Normal
Peripheral Blood Smear: Normocytic, normochromic
What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A) Iron deficiency anemia
• B) Anemia of chronic disease
• C) Thalassemia
• D) Sideroblastic anemia
Question 8:
A 25-year-old male patient with a history of Crohn's disease presents with fatigue.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.0 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL
• MCV: 70 fL
• Serum iron: Low
• TIBC: High
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells
What is the most likely cause of his anemia?
• A) Chronic blood loss
• B) Malabsorption of iron
• C) Anemia of chronic disease
• D) Thalassemia
Question 9:
A 60-year-old woman with a history of heart failure presents with fatigue and shortness of breath.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.2 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.5 g/dL
• MCV: 85 fL
• Serum creatinine: Elevated
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Normocytic, normochromic red blood cells
What is the most likely cause of her anemia?
• A) Iron deficiency
• B) Anemia of chronic disease
• C) Erythropoietin deficiency
• D) Blood loss
Question 10:
A 35-year-old man presents with fatigue, pallor, and a sore tongue. He denies any chronic illnesses or recent blood loss.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 2.8 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 8.0 g/dL
• MCV: 115 fL
• Serum B12: Low
• Serum folate: Normal
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Macrocytic red blood cells, hypersegmented neutrophils
What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A) Iron deficiency anemia
• B) Folate deficiency
• C) Vitamin
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▌🩸 Anemia (10 more, following the pattern from your previous exam)
Question 3:
A 30-year-old pregnant woman presents with fatigue and shortness of breath. She has a history of Crohn's disease.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.2 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL
• MCV: 105 fL
• Serum Folate: Low
• Serum B12: Normal
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Macrocytic red blood cells, hypersegmented neutrophils
What is the most likely cause of her anemia?
• A) Iron deficiency due to pregnancy
• B) Vitamin B12 deficiency due to Crohn's
• C) Folate deficiency due to malabsorption
• D) Hemolysis
Question 4:
A 60-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism is admitted to the hospital with severe liver disease.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 2.8 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 8.5 g/dL
• MCV: 110 fL
• Reticulocyte count: 1%
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Macrocytic red blood cells, target cells
What is the most likely cause of his anemia?
• A) Iron deficiency
• B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
• C) Folate deficiency
• D) Liver disease
Question 5:
A 20-year-old African American man presents with fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine after taking a sulfa drug.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 2.5 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 7.5 g/dL
• Reticulocyte count: 10%
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Schistocytes, bite cells
What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A) Hereditary spherocytosis
• B) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• C) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
• D) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Question 6:
A 70-year-old man presents with progressive fatigue and bone pain.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.5 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 10.5 g/dL
• MCV: 90 fL
• Serum calcium: Elevated
• Serum creatinine: Elevated
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Rouleaux formation
What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
• A) Multiple myeloma
• B) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• C) Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
• D) Metastatic cancer
Question 7:
A 45-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with fatigue.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.0 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL
• MCV: 82 fL
• Serum iron: Low
• TIBC: Low
• Serum ferritin: Normal
Peripheral Blood Smear: Normocytic, normochromic
What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A) Iron deficiency anemia
• B) Anemia of chronic disease
• C) Thalassemia
• D) Sideroblastic anemia
Question 8:
A 25-year-old male patient with a history of Crohn's disease presents with fatigue.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.0 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL
• MCV: 70 fL
• Serum iron: Low
• TIBC: High
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells
What is the most likely cause of his anemia?
• A) Chronic blood loss
• B) Malabsorption of iron
• C) Anemia of chronic disease
• D) Thalassemia
Question 9:
A 60-year-old woman with a history of heart failure presents with fatigue and shortness of breath.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 3.2 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 9.5 g/dL
• MCV: 85 fL
• Serum creatinine: Elevated
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Normocytic, normochromic red blood cells
What is the most likely cause of her anemia?
• A) Iron deficiency
• B) Anemia of chronic disease
• C) Erythropoietin deficiency
• D) Blood loss
Question 10:
A 35-year-old man presents with fatigue, pallor, and a sore tongue. He denies any chronic illnesses or recent blood loss.
Laboratory Findings:
• RBC count: 2.8 million/µL
• Hemoglobin: 8.0 g/dL
• MCV: 115 fL
• Serum B12: Low
• Serum folate: Normal
• Peripheral Blood Smear: Macrocytic red blood cells, hypersegmented neutrophils
What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A) Iron deficiency anemia
• B) Folate deficiency
• C) Vitamin
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