Approach to Anemia

Approach to Hemolytic Anemia

📖 Reference: The Hospital for Sick Children, Handbook of Pediatric 18th edition

Hemoglobin Analysis in Sickle Cell Disease

📖 Reference: The Hospital for Sick Children, Handbook of Pediatric 18th edition

General Prognostic Factors in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

📖 Reference: Nelson Essential of Pediatric, 8th Edition

Common Laboratory Finding in the Diffrantial Diagnosis of Microcytic Anemia

Approach to Thrombocytopenia

Approach to Child with Suspected Bleeding Disorder

Physical Examination Findings in the Evaluation of Anemia

Sites of Bone Tumors

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) Poor Prognostic Factors

📖 Reference: Pediatric Secrets 7th Edition

ለ 12ኛ ክፍል ተፈታኞች መልካም ዜና

ትኩስ የውጤት ዜና የምታገኙበትን ምርጥ ቻናሎች ልጋብዛቹ ትወዳላቹ።

#ጥቆማ
#SalaleUniversity

የሰላሌ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኮምፕሪሄንሲቭ ስፔሻላይዝድ ሆስፒታል በ17 የጤና መስክ የሥራ መደቦች ባለሙያዎችን በተመሳሳይ ደረጃ እና በተመሳሳይ ደመወዝ በዝውውር አወዳድሮ መመደብ ይፈልጋል፡፡

➤ የሥራ መደብ፦ በጤና የሙያ መስኮች
➤ ተፈላጊ ባለሙያዎች ብዛት፦ 102
➤ ተፈላጊ የትምህርት ደረጃ፦ ደረጃ 4 እና የመጀመሪያ ዲግሪ
➤ የሥራ ቦታ፦ የሰላሌ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኮምፕሪሄንሲቭ ስፔሻላይዝድ ሆስፒታል

ለምዝገባ የሚያስፈልጉ፦
➫ የትምህርት ማስረጃዎች ዋናውና ኮፒው፣
➫ የታደሰ የሙያ ፈቃድ ዋናውና ኮፒው፣
➫ በቅርብ የተሰጠ የሥራ ልምድ ዋናውና ኮፒው፣
➫ ማመልከቻ እና CV፣
➫ በደረጃ 4 የምትወዳደሩ ባለሙያዎች የብቃት ማረጋገጫ (COC) ማቅረብ ይጠበቅባችኋል፡፡

የምዝገባ ቦታ፦
ሰላሌ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኮምፕሪሄንሲቭ ስፔሻላይዝድ ሆስፒታል ሰው ኃብት አስተዳደር ቢሮ

የምዝገባ ቀን፡-
ይህ ማስታወቂያ ከወጣበት ሐምሌ 10/2017 ዓ.ም ጀምሮ ባሉት ተከታታይ 7 (ሰባት) የሥራ ቀናት፡፡ (እስከ አርብ ሐምሌ 10/2017 ዓ.ም) ፈተና የሚሰጥበት ቀን በውስጥ ማስታወቂያ እንደሚገለፅ ዩኒቨርሲቲው አሳውቋል፡፡ (የሥራ ዝውውር ማስታወቂያው ከላይ ተያይዟል፡
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@Laboratorypractice

የ ስንተኛ ክፍል ተማሪ ናችሁ?

Question on parasitology
1. Parasites transfer by sexual contact .?(GET)
2.parasites  exhaibiting  antigen variation..?(GTP)
3.parasites  enter skin by penetration ?HANSS
4.parasites by congenitally   transmitted ...  ? TTPM
5 . parasites found in muscle?   L=3TS
Cs=T,Eg /TTTTE
6. Parasites exhibiting acids fast? Sporas
7 .parasites causes Malabsorption? STRONG GIA CRY FOR PHILIP
8.PARASITES CAUSES ANEMIA ? PLB AND T
9 .Autoinfection parasites ? chest 🧰
10.parasites found in blood or hemoparasites ,Uroparasites ,Neuroparasites ? WBOTPL, WST,SOLIUM, Acanthamoeba ,nagleria
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@Laboratorypractice

𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 (𝐂𝐁𝐂) 𝐋𝐚𝐛 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭
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📌 Wʜᴀᴛ ɪs ɪᴛ﹖

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered routine blood investigations. It provides comprehensive information about the cellular components of blood, including:

● Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

● White Blood Cells (WBCs)

● Hemoglobin (Hb)

● Hematocrit (HCT/PCV)

● Platelets (PLT)

● Indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW


》》It serves as a screening tool for various medical conditions and is essential in both diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.


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🔬 𝑾𝒉𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒕 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆?

The CBC helps in the diagnosis and evaluation of:

• Anemia (low hemoglobin or RBC count)

• Infections (elevated or low WBCs)

• Leukemias and other hematologic malignancies

• Bleeding and clotting disorders (low or high platelet count)

• Chronic diseases and nutritional deficiencies


• It is also used to monitor response to treatment, especially in cases like chemotherapy, infections, or bone marrow disorders.


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🩸 𝙎𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙍𝙚𝙦𝙪𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩:

• Specimen: Whole blood

• Anticoagulant: EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) – purple/lavender top tube

• Volume: 2–3 mL (adult); 1 mL (pediatric)

• Handling: Mix the tube gently by inverting 6–8 times. Do not shake to avoid hemolysis or platelet clumping.

• Testing Time: Ideally within 4–6 hours of sample collection for accurate results.



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🎯 𝙉𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙡 𝙍𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙨 (𝙨𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙡𝙮 𝙫𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙗/𝙬 𝙡𝙖𝙗𝙨):

🔹 Hemoglobin (Hb):

→ Male: 13–17 g/dL

→ Female: 12–15 g/dL

→ Children: 11–14 g/dL


🔹 Total WBC Count:

4,000–11,000 /cmm


🔹 Platelet Count:

1.5–4.5 lakh /cmm (150,000–450,000 /µL)


🔹 Hematocrit (HCT/PCV):

• Male: 40–50%

• Female: 35–45%


🔹 RBC Count:

• Male: 4.5–5.9 million /cmm

• Female: 4.0–5.2 million /cmm


🔹 Indices:

→ MCV: 80–100 fL

→ MCH: 27–32 pg

→ MCHC: 32–36 g/dL

→ RDW: 11.5–14.5%


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⚠️ Cʟɪɴɪᴄᴀʟ Iɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ﹠ Aʙɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ Fɪɴᴅɪɴɢs﹕

🔻 Low Hemoglobin / RBCs:

• Anemia (Iron deficiency, B12/Folate deficiency, chronic disease, blood loss)


🔺 High Hemoglobin / RBCs:

• Polycythemia vera

• Dehydration

• Chronic hypoxia (e.g., COPD)


🔺 High WBC Count (Leukocytosis):

• Bacterial infections

• Leukemia

• Inflammation

• Steroid use


🔻 Low WBC Count (Leukopenia):

• Viral infections

• Bone marrow suppression (e.g., chemotherapy)

• Typhoid fever

• Sepsis


🔻 Low Platelet Count (Thrombocytopenia):

• Dengue fever

• ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)

• Aplastic anemia

• DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)


🔺 High Platelet Count (Thrombocytosis):

• Iron deficiency anemia

• Post-splenectomy

• Myeloproliferative disorders


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💡 Note:

• Always use properly labeled EDTA tubes for CBC.

• Avoid hemolysis: never shake the tube. Mix gently by inversion.

• CBC machines (auto-analyzers) must be calibrated regularly for accuracy.

• Abnormal CBC results should be correlated clinically and may require peripheral smear examination.

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#Ministry_of_Health

As announced by the Ministry of Health, the registration for health professionals who are going to take the competency exam will be conducted online from July 15-24, 2017 Ethiopian Calendar (E.C.).

To register 👇
http://hple.moh.gov.et/hple

It has been stated that you are required to use a computer when registering. It has also been mentioned that if you register by phone, not all sections may be filled out completely. You must also have a correct email 📧 and password. When you register, you must select the location where you will take the exam. Also, after completing the registration, the system will give you a registration number, so you must print and keep that number.

(By entering http://hple.moh.gov.et/hple, click on the Registration section to find detailed competency exam guidelines.)

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to get educational information in one place!

𝐋𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 (𝐋𝐅𝐓) — 𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰
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🤔 What is the LFT..?

The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a diagnostic panel that evaluates the liver’s health by measuring specific enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin levels in the blood.


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🎯 Purpose of the Test

LFT is commonly used to:

• Detect liver infections (e.g. Hepatitis A, B, C)

• Monitor damage due to alcohol, drugs, or toxins

• Investigate jaundice, fatigue, or dark urine

• Track liver function in chronic diseases like cirrhosis

• Assess response to medications affecting the liver



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🧪 Sample Requirements

》Specimen: Serum

》Tube Type: Plain (red or yellow top)

》Volume: 2–5 mL

》Fasting: Recommended but not essential

》Processing Time: Within 2–4 hours after collection

》Important: Avoid hemolysis for accurate results



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📊 Key Parameters & Reference Ranges

• ALT (SGPT): 7–56 U/L
→ Indicator of liver cell injury

• AST (SGOT): 10–40 U/L
→ Rises in liver, heart, and muscle damage

• ALP: 44–147 U/L
→ Elevated in bile duct obstruction or bone disease

• Total Bilirubin: 0.2–1.2 mg/dL
→ Increased in jaundice and liver dysfunction

• Direct Bilirubin: 0.0–0.3 mg/dL
→ Rises in obstructive jaundice

• Indirect Bilirubin: 0.2–0.9 mg/dL
→ Rises in hemolytic anemia

• Albumin: 3.5–5.0 g/dL
→ Low levels suggest impaired liver synthesis

• A/G Ratio: 1.2–2.0
→ Reversed in advanced liver disease


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🚨 Interpretation of Abnormal Results

🔺 ALT / AST Elevated
→ Hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, viral infection

🔺 ALP Elevated
→ Bile duct blockage, gallstones, cholestasis

🔺 Bilirubin Elevated
→ Liver dysfunction, hemolysis, hepatic tumors

🔻 Albumin Decreased
→ Cirrhosis, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome

🔄 Reversed A/G Ratio
→ Suggests chronic or end-stage liver disease


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💡 Important Tips for LFT Handling

● Ensure sample is properly clotted before centrifugation

● Gently handle sample to avoid hemolysis.

● ALT is more specific to liver than AST.

● For suspected biliary obstruction, always correlate ALP with GGT.

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