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Hematology Multiple-Choice Questions

1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
   A) Immune response 
   B) Oxygen transport 
   C) Blood clotting 
   D) Nutrient absorption 

2. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?
   A) Erythrocyte 
   B) Thrombocyte 
   C) Neutrophil 
   D) Hemoglobin 

3. What is the normal range for hemoglobin in adult males?
   A) 10-12 g/dL 
   B) 12-16 g/dL 
   C) 13-18 g/dL 
   D) 15-20 g/dL 

4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by an increased number of red blood cells?
   A) Anemia 
   B) Polycythemia vera 
   C) Leukopenia 
   D) Thrombocytopenia 

5. What is the role of platelets in the blood?
   A) Oxygen transport 
   B) Immune defense 
   C) Blood clotting 
   D) Nutrient transport 

6. Which laboratory test is commonly used to measure the level of hemoglobin in the blood?
   A) Complete Blood Count (CBC) 
   B) Prothrombin Time (PT) 
   C) Blood Smear 
   D) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 

7. Which type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12?
   A) Iron-deficiency anemia 
   B) Aplastic anemia 
   C) Hemolytic anemia 
   D) Megaloblastic anemia 

8. What is the main site of hematopoiesis in adults?
   A) Liver 
   B) Spleen 
   C) Bone marrow 
   D) Thymus 

9. Which type of leukocyte is primarily involved in allergic reactions?
   A) Neutrophils 
   B) Lymphocytes 
   C) Eosinophils 
   D) Monocytes 

10. What condition is characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells?
    A) Leukopenia 
    B) Leukemia 
    C) Anemia 
    D) Hemophilia 

11. What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
    A) Phagocytosis of pathogens 
    B) Production of antibodies 
    C) Clot formation 
    D) Oxygen transport 

12. Which of the following tests assesses the coagulation status of blood?
    A) Complete Blood Count (CBC) 
    B) Coagulation Panel 
    C) Blood Chemistry Panel 
    D) Urinalysis 

13. What is the lifespan of a typical red blood cell?
    A) 1-2 days 
    B) 10-15 days 
    C) 120 days 
    D) 1 year 

14. Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma?
    A) Transporting nutrients 
    B) Regulating body temperature 
    C) Producing antibodies 
    D) Maintaining osmotic pressure 

15. What is the primary cause of iron-deficiency anemia?
    A) Excessive iron intake 
    B) Chronic blood loss 
    C) Genetic mutation 
    D) Vitamin B12 deficiency 

16. Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting infections?
    A) Erythrocytes 
    B) Thrombocytes 
    C) Leukocytes 
    D) Plasma cells 

17. What condition results from a deficiency in clotting factors, leading to excessive bleeding?
    A) Anemia 
    B) Hemophilia 
    C) Thrombocytopenia 
    D) Polycythemia 

18. Which type of anemia is associated with destruction of bone marrow?
    A) Iron-deficiency anemia 
    B) Aplastic anemia 
    C) Sickle cell anemia 
    D) Megaloblastic anemia 

19. What does a "left shift" in a white blood cell differential indicate?
    A) Decreased infection risk 
    B) Increased immature neutrophils due to infection 
    C) Normal immune function 
    D) Decreased leukocyte production 

20. Which anticoagulant is commonly used for collecting blood samples for routine hematology tests?
    A) Heparin 
    B) Citrate 
    C) EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 
    D) Sodium fluoride 

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Hematology edited ppt 2025