What is this ☝️☝️☝️

Gosti dhiigaa addunyaa kanarraa baay'ee hin argamne dhiiga RH NULL yoo ta'u, "dhiiga warqee" jedhamuunis kan beekamu yoo ta'u, waggoota 50 darban keessatti namoota 50 gadi qofa irratti adda baafamee argameeraa.

(The blood type  not usually available in world is the blood of Rh null, also called the "gold blood" ,
In a last 50 Year ago only isolated from(found on) 50 or less than 50 person.)🙆

What type of blood group?

What you have seen from above picture?

S .aurs on blood agar

Congratulations🥳🥳🎉 to every one of this great science, steps forward🔬.And I thank all my friends and colleagues who worked with me to form this beautiful family to develop our information well and correctly.
This channel will be transferred to an educational channel in this science "MLT" so that the information is constantly developed for all of us, thank you for being there.❤️❤️❤️

‼️Hybridoma

A hybridoma is a type of cell that is created by fusing a specific type of immune cell (usually a B lymphocyte) with a myeloma (cancer) cell. This process allows for the production of monoclonal antibodies, which are identical antibodies that can specifically target a particular antigen.

Key Points about Hybridomas:

1. Creation: Hybridomas are formed through a process called hybridization, where the B cell (which produces antibodies) is fused with a myeloma cell (which can divide indefinitely). This fusion is often facilitated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) or electrical pulses.

2. Monoclonal Antibodies: The primary purpose of creating hybridomas is to produce monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies have many applications in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

3. Selection: After fusion, the resulting hybrid cells are screened to identify those that produce the desired antibody. Only the hybridomas that produce the specific antibody are selected for further culture.

4. Applications:

   • Diagnostic Tests: Monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas are used in various diagnostic tests, including pregnancy tests and tests for infectious diseases.

   • Therapeutics: They are also used in treatments for conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and more, as they can specifically target disease-related antigens.

   • Research: In research, monoclonal antibodies are valuable tools for studying proteins and other biomolecules.

5. Advantages: The main advantage of using hybridomas is that they produce large quantities of identical antibodies, which ensures consistency and specificity in experiments and treatments.

6. Limitations: While hybridomas are powerful tools, there can be challenges such as the potential for the hybridoma cells to lose their ability to produce the desired antibody over time.


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✍️HAT or 👇 Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine. It is a selective medium used in the process of hybridoma technology to facilitate the selection of hybridoma cells that produce monoclonal antibodies.

Components of HAT Medium:👇

1. Hypoxanthine: A purine base that is a precursor in the synthesis of nucleotides.

2. Aminopterin: A folic acid antagonist that inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, blocking the synthesis of DNA.

3. Thymidine: A pyrimidine nucleoside that serves as a building block for DNA.

✍️Role in Hybridoma Selection:

• Selective Pressure: When B cells (which can produce antibodies) are fused with myeloma cells (which can proliferate indefinitely), not all hybrid cells will survive in culture. Myeloma cells often have mutations that make them unable to synthesize nucleotides, while normal B cells cannot replicate indefinitely.

 
✍️• HAT Medium Function:

  • The presence of aminopterin prevents the growth of unfused myeloma cells because they cannot synthesize nucleotides without external sources.

  • Hypoxanthine and thymidine provide the necessary components for the hybrid cells to survive and proliferate since they can utilize these precursors for DNA synthesis.

✍️ Selection Process:

  • Only hybridoma cells that have successfully fused (which combine the properties of both parent cell types) can grow in HAT medium. These hybridomas can utilize hypoxanthine and thymidine to bypass the block caused by aminopterin, allowing them to replicate and produce monoclonal antibodies.