8. The "Law of Electrical Neutrality" states that:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A) Na must equal K
85%
B) Total anions must equal total cations
8%
C) pH must remain 7.4
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9. The osmolarity of Intracellular Fluid (ICF) is primarily determined by:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
A) Na+ concentration
80%
B) K+ concentration
2%
C) Cl- concentration
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10. The osmolarity of Extracellular Fluid (ECF) is primarily determined by:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) K+ concentration
88%
B) Na+ concentration
6%
C) Magnesium concentration
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11. Pure water depletion is defined as:
Anonymous Quiz
35%
A) Loss of water and electrolytes equally
16%
B) Loss of Na+ and Cl only
49%
C) Loss of water only without salt loss
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12. Pure salt depletion involves the loss of which ions?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A) K+ and Ca2+
73%
B) Na+ and Cl-
17%
C) Mg2+ and PO_4{3-}
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13. The most common type of dehydration is:
Anonymous Quiz
27%
A) Pure water depletion
13%
B) Pure salt depletion
60%
C) Mixed depletion
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14. Which patient group is most at risk for Pure water depletion?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A) Patients with diarrhea
11%
B) Patients with vomiting
74%
C) Coma or dysphagia patients
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15. Addison's disease is a potential cause of:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A) Pure water depletion
42%
B) Pure salt depletion
44%
C) Water intoxication
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16. Which of the following is a cause of Water Intoxication?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) Diabetes insipidus
85%
B) Excessive ADH (SIADH)
9%
C) Excessive sweating
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17. Which of these is a clinical symptom of Water Intoxication?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) Thirst
90%
B) Muscular weakness and delirium
4%
C) Dry skin
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18. Laboratory findings in Water Intoxication typically show:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
A) Increased Hb and PCV
80%
B) Decreased plasma proteins and electrolytes
4%
C) Increased plasma osmolality
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19. The normal range for blood pH is:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) 7.00 - 7.15
98%
B) 7.35 - 7.45
1%
C) 7.45 - 7.55
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20. Survival is rare if the blood pH falls below ____ or rises above ____.
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) 7.0, 7.6
90%
B) 6.8, 7.8
4%
C) 7.2, 7.5
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23. The main buffer system in the plasma is:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
A) Phosphate buffer
14%
B) Hemoglobin buffer
83%
C) Bicarbonate buffer (NaHCO_3/H_2CO_3)
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24. The phosphate buffer system consists of:
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A) NaCl/HCl
90%
B) Na_2HPO_4/NaH_2PO_4
6%
C) Na-protein/H-protein
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25. Which buffer is found specifically inside Erythrocytes?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A) Bicarbonate
3%
B) Phosphate
90%
C) Hemoglobin (KHb/HHb)
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26. The protein buffer system is represented as:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) KHb/HHb
77%
B) Na-protein / H-protein
18%
C) NaHCO_3/H_2CO_3
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27. CO_2 is transported from tissues to RBCs and converted into:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) HCl
98%
B) H_2CO_3 (Carbonic acid)
1%
C) NaOH
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