Q101. A nucleoside is composed of:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A) Purine base + Phosphate
61%
B) Purine base + Ribose sugar
33%
C) Purine base + Ribose + Phosphate
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Q102. Humans lack which enzyme, preventing the conversion of uric acid into allantoin?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
A) Xanthine oxidase
68%
B) Uricase
10%
C) ALA synthase
Q103. Which of the following is NOT a source of purines in the body?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A) Dietary intake
24%
B) Nucleic acid breakdown
65%
D) Essential fatty acid breakdown
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Q104. The primary organ responsible for the production of uric acid is the:
Anonymous Quiz
35%
A) Kidney
11%
B) Muscle
54%
C) Liver
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Q105. Hyperuricemia can be caused by:
Anonymous Quiz
27%
A) Increased renal excretion
48%
B) Decreased dietary purine intake
25%
C) Decreased renal excretion
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Q106. Gout is characterized by the deposition of which crystals in the joints?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A) Calcium oxalate
79%
B) Monosodium urate
6%
C) Cholesterol
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Q107. The clinical progression of gout begins with:
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A) Acute gout attacks
37%
B) Chronic tophaceous gout
49%
C) Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
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Q108. Primary gout is often associated with all the following EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A) Obesity
20%
B) Alcohol
61%
C) Hypotension
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Q109. Secondary gout can be caused by:
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A) Renal failure
35%
B) Increased cell breakdown
3%
C) Certain drugs
52%
D) All of the above
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Q110. The definitive diagnosis of gout is made by observing joint fluid for:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) High glucose levels
97%
B) Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
2%
C) Rhomboid-shaped crystals
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Q111. Which dietary factor can increase serum urate levels?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
A) High-fiber vegetables
96%
B) Fructose-containing beverages
1%
C) Low-fat dairy
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Q112. Approximately how much of the filtered urate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule via URAT1?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) 10%
39%
B) 50%
55%
C) 90%
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Q113. Which condition increases urate retention in the kidneys?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
A) Respiratory alkalosis
51%
B) Lactic acidosis
26%
C) High GFR
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Q114. Hypouricemia (low uric acid) can be caused by:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) Obesity
96%
B) Xanthinuria (xanthine oxidase deficiency)
2%
C) Gout
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Q115. A common complication of chronic hyperuricemia is:
Anonymous Quiz
19%
A) Liver cirrhosis
69%
B) Kidney stones
12%
C) Osteoporosis
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Q116. Each gram of Hemoglobin (Hb) contains how much iron?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) 1 mg
90%
B) 3.4 mg
5%
C) 10 mg
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Q117. Heme is chemically defined as a:
Anonymous Quiz
25%
A) Magnesium protoporphyrin
67%
B) Ferroprotoporphyrin
9%
C) Globulin chain
Q118. In Step 1 of heme synthesis, ALA synthase requires which cofactor?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
A) Vitamin B12
96%
B) Pyridoxal phosphate (B_6)
1%
C) Vitamin C
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Q119. ALA dehydratase, which forms PBG, is inhibited by which toxic metal?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A) Mercury
74%
B) Lead
18%
C) Aluminium
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Q120. PBG-deaminase is the enzyme responsible for converting PBG into:
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) ALA
9%
B) Heme
78%
C) Uroporphyrinogen III
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Q121. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase converts UPG-III into:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) Heme
4%
B) Protoporphyrin
95%
C) Coproporphyrinogen III (CPG-III)
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