13. The most common type of dehydration is:
Anonymous Quiz
27%
A) Pure water depletion
13%
B) Pure salt depletion
60%
C) Mixed depletion
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14. Which patient group is most at risk for Pure water depletion?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A) Patients with diarrhea
11%
B) Patients with vomiting
74%
C) Coma or dysphagia patients
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15. Addison's disease is a potential cause of:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A) Pure water depletion
42%
B) Pure salt depletion
44%
C) Water intoxication
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16. Which of the following is a cause of Water Intoxication?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) Diabetes insipidus
85%
B) Excessive ADH (SIADH)
9%
C) Excessive sweating
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17. Which of these is a clinical symptom of Water Intoxication?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) Thirst
90%
B) Muscular weakness and delirium
4%
C) Dry skin
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18. Laboratory findings in Water Intoxication typically show:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
A) Increased Hb and PCV
80%
B) Decreased plasma proteins and electrolytes
4%
C) Increased plasma osmolality
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19. The normal range for blood pH is:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) 7.00 - 7.15
98%
B) 7.35 - 7.45
1%
C) 7.45 - 7.55
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20. Survival is rare if the blood pH falls below ____ or rises above ____.
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) 7.0, 7.6
90%
B) 6.8, 7.8
4%
C) 7.2, 7.5
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23. The main buffer system in the plasma is:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
A) Phosphate buffer
14%
B) Hemoglobin buffer
83%
C) Bicarbonate buffer (NaHCO_3/H_2CO_3)
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24. The phosphate buffer system consists of:
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A) NaCl/HCl
90%
B) Na_2HPO_4/NaH_2PO_4
6%
C) Na-protein/H-protein
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25. Which buffer is found specifically inside Erythrocytes?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A) Bicarbonate
3%
B) Phosphate
90%
C) Hemoglobin (KHb/HHb)
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26. The protein buffer system is represented as:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) KHb/HHb
77%
B) Na-protein / H-protein
18%
C) NaHCO_3/H_2CO_3
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27. CO_2 is transported from tissues to RBCs and converted into:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) HCl
98%
B) H_2CO_3 (Carbonic acid)
1%
C) NaOH
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28. The equilibrium equation for acid-base balance is:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
A) H+ Cl--- HCl
98%
B) H + HCO_3---> H_2CO_3 ----->H_2O + CO_2
2%
C) Na + OH----> NaOH
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29. Brain stem chemoreceptors respond primarily to changes in blood:
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) Glucose
45%
B) Oxygen
43%
C) CO_2
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30. One of the kidney's roles in acid-base balance is to:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A) Excrete HCO_3 only
85%
B) Excrete H+ ions in the urine
5%
C) Produce CO_2
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31. Regarding bicarbonate, the kidneys:
Anonymous Quiz
26%
A) Reabsorb HCO_3 into the blood
70%
B) Convert HCO_3 to CO_2 for exhalation
4%
C) Excrete all HCO_3
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32. Which enzyme is essential for the kidney's role in acid-base balance?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) Amylase
91%
B) Carbonic anhydrase
3%
C) Lipase
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33. Respiratory Acidosis is characterized by:
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A) Decreased pCO_2 and increased pH
79%
B) Increased pCO_2 and decreased pH
6%
C) Decreased HCO_3 and decreased pH
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