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Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
• Traumatic, direct injury.
• Non-traumatic exertional.
• Non-traumatic non-exertional.
Check this out for more!
Rhabdomyolysis
🔗: http://bit.ly/2rR0Cyo
Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
• Traumatic, direct injury.
• Non-traumatic exertional.
• Non-traumatic non-exertional.
Check this out for more!
Rhabdomyolysis
🔗: http://bit.ly/2rR0Cyo
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Gout: Inflammatory monarticular arthritis, caused by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystal into tissue, usually in and around joints.
Prevalence differs regionally❗️
i.e. rare in African Americans and very common in
Asians.
Gout: Inflammatory monarticular arthritis, caused by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystal into tissue, usually in and around joints.
Prevalence differs regionally❗️
i.e. rare in African Americans and very common in
Asians.
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Arthrocentesis is a definitive diagnosis test for Gout❗️
Gout vs. Psueodogout:
• Hallmark of gout needle-shaped crystals with negative birefringent crystals.
• Pseudogout has rhomboid shaped needles and slightly positive birefringence.
Arthrocentesis is a definitive diagnosis test for Gout❗️
Gout vs. Psueodogout:
• Hallmark of gout needle-shaped crystals with negative birefringent crystals.
• Pseudogout has rhomboid shaped needles and slightly positive birefringence.
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Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
• The most common form of arthritis, often affects joints of the hands, knees, hips and spine.
• The pain and stiffness may become severe enough to affect daily activities.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
• The most common form of arthritis, often affects joints of the hands, knees, hips and spine.
• The pain and stiffness may become severe enough to affect daily activities.
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Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A condition in which altered T-cell-mediated immunity causes destruction of thyroid tissue and impaired gland function.
• Also called: Chronic Lymphatic Thyroiditis.
• The condition is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A condition in which altered T-cell-mediated immunity causes destruction of thyroid tissue and impaired gland function.
• Also called: Chronic Lymphatic Thyroiditis.
• The condition is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis.
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Hyperthyroidism: An increase in the circulating thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) due to an increase in its synthesis with a decrease in TSH levels.
Types:
• Primary, caused by conditions related to the thyroid gland.
• Secondary, caused by extra-thyroidal conditions like pituitary gland.
Hyperthyroidism: An increase in the circulating thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) due to an increase in its synthesis with a decrease in TSH levels.
Types:
• Primary, caused by conditions related to the thyroid gland.
• Secondary, caused by extra-thyroidal conditions like pituitary gland.
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GIT functional motility:
• Peristaltic or propulsive.
• Segmentation or mixing.
• Storage.
Check this out for more!
GIT Physiology
📹: http://bit.ly/2ofnBBe
GIT functional motility:
• Peristaltic or propulsive.
• Segmentation or mixing.
• Storage.
Check this out for more!
GIT Physiology
📹: http://bit.ly/2ofnBBe
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Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.
Epidemiology:
• It is the most common cause of acute abdomen requiring surgery.
• The peak incidence for appendicitis is 10-30 years old.
• Mortality rate is 0.1% in non-perforated cases.
Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.
Epidemiology:
• It is the most common cause of acute abdomen requiring surgery.
• The peak incidence for appendicitis is 10-30 years old.
• Mortality rate is 0.1% in non-perforated cases.
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Obturator sign:
Passive internal rotation of the thigh will elicit pain in the RLQ.
Usually seen in pelvic appendicitis❗️
Obturator sign:
Passive internal rotation of the thigh will elicit pain in the RLQ.
Usually seen in pelvic appendicitis❗️
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Paralytic ileus/Adynamic bowel: Failure to move the luminal contents due to poor motility.
Simple bowel obstruction: Blockage of the bowel lumen at one area without complications (perforation, strangulation etc.).
Paralytic ileus/Adynamic bowel: Failure to move the luminal contents due to poor motility.
Simple bowel obstruction: Blockage of the bowel lumen at one area without complications (perforation, strangulation etc.).
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Causes of peptic ulcer disease:
• Smoking.
• NSAIDs.
• H. pylori.
• Other.
Causes of peptic ulcer disease:
• Smoking.
• NSAIDs.
• H. pylori.
• Other.
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Nephritic syndrome is a manifestation of glomerular inflammation, glomerulonephritis [GN], due to many causes leading to leakage of the larger cells (red blood cells – plasma proteins) through the filtration barrier.
Nephritic syndrome is a manifestation of glomerular inflammation, glomerulonephritis [GN], due to many causes leading to leakage of the larger cells (red blood cells – plasma proteins) through the filtration barrier.
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Classic features of nephritic syndrome:
• Hematuria.
• Edema.
• Hypertension.
Classic features of nephritic syndrome:
• Hematuria.
• Edema.
• Hypertension.
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P-THORAX summaries the presentation of pneumothorax:
Pleuritic chest pain.
Tracheal deviation.
Hyper-resonance on percussion.
Onset is sudden.
Reduced breath sounds unilaterally.
Absent fremitus.
X-ray shows lung collapse.
P-THORAX summaries the presentation of pneumothorax:
Pleuritic chest pain.
Tracheal deviation.
Hyper-resonance on percussion.
Onset is sudden.
Reduced breath sounds unilaterally.
Absent fremitus.
X-ray shows lung collapse.
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Pulmonary Embolism: It is basically a blood clot that forms in the venous system traveling to the lung causing obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature.
• It is suggested by the presence of acute onset of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxia, hemoptysis, low-grade fever, and tachycardia.
Pulmonary Embolism: It is basically a blood clot that forms in the venous system traveling to the lung causing obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature.
• It is suggested by the presence of acute onset of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxia, hemoptysis, low-grade fever, and tachycardia.
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Consider thrombolytic therapy as a treatment for a PE patient only if the patient is hemodynamically unstable (low SBP<90mmHg), and in cases of acute right ventricular dysfunction.
Consider thrombolytic therapy as a treatment for a PE patient only if the patient is hemodynamically unstable (low SBP<90mmHg), and in cases of acute right ventricular dysfunction.
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Sources of [H+]:
• Carbonic acid formation: the major source of H+ is from metabolically produced CO2.
• Inorganic acid produced during nutrient breakdown: dietary proteins contain a large quantity of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
• Organic acid resulting from intermediary metabolism: lactic acid and fatty acids.
Sources of [H+]:
• Carbonic acid formation: the major source of H+ is from metabolically produced CO2.
• Inorganic acid produced during nutrient breakdown: dietary proteins contain a large quantity of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
• Organic acid resulting from intermediary metabolism: lactic acid and fatty acids.
PPD test for Tuberculosis:
• ≥5mm induration in high risk group ➡️HIV, and close contact.
• ≥10mm induration in moderate risk group ➡️medical comorbidities, healthcare workers, and immigrants within the past 5 years.
• ≥15mm induration in low risk group ➡️normal healthy individuals.
• ≥5mm induration in high risk group ➡️HIV, and close contact.
• ≥10mm induration in moderate risk group ➡️medical comorbidities, healthcare workers, and immigrants within the past 5 years.
• ≥15mm induration in low risk group ➡️normal healthy individuals.