Let's Talk Medicine
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Widening of the mediastinum on a PA film is the best initial test of a dissection of the thoracic aorta.
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ABC of Adrenaline:


Adrenaline activates Ξ²-receptors, increasing Cyclic AMP.
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MEN I – Wermer’s Syndrome Affects the 3 Ps:

Pituitary
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Prolonged survival in patient with certain disease reflects:

High prevelance & stable incidence – 37
πŸ‘πŸ‘πŸ‘πŸ‘πŸ‘πŸ‘πŸ‘ 74%

Low prevelance & stable incidence – 8
πŸ‘πŸ‘ 16%

High prevelance & unstable incidence – 4
πŸ‘ 8%

Low prevelance & unstable incidence – 1
▫️ 2%

πŸ‘₯ 50 people voted so far. Poll closed.
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The symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia include:

- Bones
- stones
- groans
- psychiatric overtones
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Bones most often affected in Paget’s disease (in decreasing order):

- Pelvis
- Femur
- Skull
- Tibia
- Vertebrae
- Clavicle
- Humerus
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The 5 A’s for patients willing to quit:


Ask if the patient smokes
Advise patients to quit
Assess willingness to quit
Assist in quit attempt
Arrange follow-up
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Most common causes of acute pulmonary edema:
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Agents which improve heart failure symptoms but do not reduce mortality:

- Digoxin
- Diuretics
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With HOCM, avoid the following:

Digitalis
Diuretics
Vasodilators
Exercise
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The contraindications for laparoscopy:

Absolute:
- Hypovolemic shock.
- Severe cardiac decompensation.



Relative:
- Extensive intraperitoneal adhesions.
- diaphragmatic hernia.
- COPD.
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Typical signs of basilar skull fracture:

- Raccoon eyes
- Battle’s sign
- clear otorrhea or rhinorrhea
- hemotympanum
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Lethal triad:

Acidosis
Coagulopathy
Hypothermia
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The major clinical difference between second-and third-degree burns is:

Third-degree burns are painless, and second-degree burns are painful.
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Indications for surgery in gastric ulcer:

- Cancer (rule out)
- Hemorrhage (massive or relentless)
- Obstruction (gastric outlet obstruction)
- Perforation
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Hamman’s sign:


Mediastinal crunch or clicking produced by the heart beating against air- lled tissues.
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Psoas sign:

Pain elicited by extending the hip with the knee in ull extension or by exing the hip against resistance; seen classically in retrocecal appendicitis
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Findings associated with Gardner’s syndrome:

- Sebaceous cysts
- Osteomas
- Desmoid tumors