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Precipitants of an acute gouty attack:
- Decrease in temperature
- Dehydration
- Stress (emotional or physical)
- Excessive alcohol intake
/ Starvation
Precipitants of an acute gouty attack:
- Decrease in temperature
- Dehydration
- Stress (emotional or physical)
- Excessive alcohol intake
/ Starvation
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Diagnostic Criteria for Polymyositis:
- Symmetric proximal muscle weakness
- Elevation in serum creatine phosphokinase
- EMG findings of a myopathy
- Biopsy evidence of myositis
- Characteristic rash of dermatomyositis
Diagnostic Criteria for Polymyositis:
- Symmetric proximal muscle weakness
- Elevation in serum creatine phosphokinase
- EMG findings of a myopathy
- Biopsy evidence of myositis
- Characteristic rash of dermatomyositis
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Stress ulcer prophylaxis is indicated in:
- Mechanical ventilation
- Burns
- Head trauma
- Coagulopathy
Stress ulcer prophylaxis is indicated in:
- Mechanical ventilation
- Burns
- Head trauma
- Coagulopathy
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Absolute indications for dialysis:
- Acidosis—significant, intractable metabolic acidosis.
- Electrolytes—severe, persistent hyperkalemia.
- Intoxications—methanol, ethylene glycol, lithium, aspirin.
- Overload—hypervolemia not managed by other means.
- Uremia (severe)—based on clinical presentation, not laboratory values (e.g., uremic pericarditis is an absolute indication for dialysis.
Absolute indications for dialysis:
- Acidosis—significant, intractable metabolic acidosis.
- Electrolytes—severe, persistent hyperkalemia.
- Intoxications—methanol, ethylene glycol, lithium, aspirin.
- Overload—hypervolemia not managed by other means.
- Uremia (severe)—based on clinical presentation, not laboratory values (e.g., uremic pericarditis is an absolute indication for dialysis.
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ADPKD presents with:
- Pain
- Hematuria
- Infection
- Hypertension
- Kidney stones
ADPKD presents with:
- Pain
- Hematuria
- Infection
- Hypertension
- Kidney stones
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- In hypercalcemia, ECG shows shortening of the QT interval.
- In hypocalcemia, ECG shows a prolongation of the QT interval.
- In hypercalcemia, ECG shows shortening of the QT interval.
- In hypocalcemia, ECG shows a prolongation of the QT interval.
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Serum potassium is affected by pH: alkalosis can lead to hypokalemia, whereas acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia.
Serum potassium is affected by pH: alkalosis can lead to hypokalemia, whereas acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia.
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ECG changes in hyperkalemia become prominent when K + >6 and include:
- Peaked T waves (by 10 mm).
- A prolonged PR interval.
- Widening of QRS and merging of QRS with T wave.
- Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest (with increasing levels of K + ).
ECG changes in hyperkalemia become prominent when K + >6 and include:
- Peaked T waves (by 10 mm).
- A prolonged PR interval.
- Widening of QRS and merging of QRS with T wave.
- Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest (with increasing levels of K + ).
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Treatment of Status Epilepticus:
- Benzodiazepine
- Fosphenytoin
- Phenobarbital
- General anesthesia
Treatment of Status Epilepticus:
- Benzodiazepine
- Fosphenytoin
- Phenobarbital
- General anesthesia
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- Amyloid
- HIV nephropathy
- Polycystic kidneys
- Diabetes
ALL give large kidneys on sonogram and CT scan.
- Amyloid
- HIV nephropathy
- Polycystic kidneys
- Diabetes
ALL give large kidneys on sonogram and CT scan.
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Breast cancer:
- Tamoxifen gives endometrial cancer and clots (tamoxifen is a selective ER modifier).
- Aromatase inhibitors give osteoporosis (aromatase inhibitors inhibit estrogen effect everywhere, even the good effects, like on bone density).
Breast cancer:
- Tamoxifen gives endometrial cancer and clots (tamoxifen is a selective ER modifier).
- Aromatase inhibitors give osteoporosis (aromatase inhibitors inhibit estrogen effect everywhere, even the good effects, like on bone density).
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Normal PT = 11 to 15 seconds
Normal PTT = 25 to 40 seconds
Normal bleeding time = 2 to 7 minutes
Normal PT = 11 to 15 seconds
Normal PTT = 25 to 40 seconds
Normal bleeding time = 2 to 7 minutes
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The signs of multiple myeloma can be remembered using the mnemonic CRAB:
- Calcium (hypercalcemia)
- Renal failure
- Anemia
- Bone lesions (lytic)
The signs of multiple myeloma can be remembered using the mnemonic CRAB:
- Calcium (hypercalcemia)
- Renal failure
- Anemia
- Bone lesions (lytic)
Let's Talk Medicine pinned «🔴 The signs of multiple myeloma can be remembered using the mnemonic CRAB: - Calcium (hypercalcemia) - Renal failure - Anemia - Bone lesions (lytic)»
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- For a positive TB exposure and a positive PPD test (but no active disease), treatment is INH only.
- If the patient has active TB, multiagent therapy is indicated.
- For a positive TB exposure and a positive PPD test (but no active disease), treatment is INH only.
- If the patient has active TB, multiagent therapy is indicated.
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The most common electrolyte/acid–base abnormality seen with severe diarrhea is metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia.
The most common electrolyte/acid–base abnormality seen with severe diarrhea is metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia.
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- Upright chest x-ray is the best initial test for the evaluation of free air under the diaphragm.
- Free air under the diaphragm indicates a perforation of the bowel.
- Upright chest x-ray is the best initial test for the evaluation of free air under the diaphragm.
- Free air under the diaphragm indicates a perforation of the bowel.