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Extra-renal manifestations in
Adult polycystic kidney disease:
hepatic cysts (40–60%);
colonic diverticula; hypertension (50%);
intracranial aneurysm (10–20%) (other vascular aneurysms may be seen);
mitral valve prolapse (25%)
Extra-renal manifestations in
Adult polycystic kidney disease:
hepatic cysts (40–60%);
colonic diverticula; hypertension (50%);
intracranial aneurysm (10–20%) (other vascular aneurysms may be seen);
mitral valve prolapse (25%)
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Patients with asthma may have normal PFTs. In these cases, methacholine challenge will provoke an asthmatic crisis and allow the diagnosis of asthma to be made by PFTs. Thus, perform methacholine challenge only for patients with normal PFTs and for whom you are considering a diagnosis of asthma.
Patients with asthma may have normal PFTs. In these cases, methacholine challenge will provoke an asthmatic crisis and allow the diagnosis of asthma to be made by PFTs. Thus, perform methacholine challenge only for patients with normal PFTs and for whom you are considering a diagnosis of asthma.
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For systolic dysfunction, the only antiarrhythmics that are safe are amiodarone, lidocaine, and dofetilide.
For systolic dysfunction, the only antiarrhythmics that are safe are amiodarone, lidocaine, and dofetilide.
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Subdural hematoma is ⬇️
crescent-shaped.
epidural hematoma is ⬇️
lens-shaped.
Subdural hematoma is ⬇️
crescent-shaped.
epidural hematoma is ⬇️
lens-shaped.
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Mitral stenosis⬇️
Physical Findings:
Murmur is in diastole, just after an opening snap. Squatting and leg raising increase the intensity from increased venous return to the heart.
Mitral stenosis⬇️
Physical Findings:
Murmur is in diastole, just after an opening snap. Squatting and leg raising increase the intensity from increased venous return to the heart.
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In all major vascular disease, control each of the following:
BP
LDL below 100
Diabetes
In all major vascular disease, control each of the following:
BP
LDL below 100
Diabetes
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Peripartum cardiomyopathy develops after delivery in most cases; that is why ACEi/ ARBs are acceptable to use.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy develops after delivery in most cases; that is why ACEi/ ARBs are acceptable to use.
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ALWAYS always always exclude pregnancy first in any woman with a high prolactin level.
ALWAYS always always exclude pregnancy first in any woman with a high prolactin level.
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Think of epidural abscess like endocarditis. Use vancomycin as initial empiric therapy. Switch to oxacillin if it is sensitive. Drain it if the infection is large enough to produce neurological deficits or it does not respond to antibiotics alone.
Think of epidural abscess like endocarditis. Use vancomycin as initial empiric therapy. Switch to oxacillin if it is sensitive. Drain it if the infection is large enough to produce neurological deficits or it does not respond to antibiotics alone.
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Dermatomyositis is associated with cancer in 25% of cases. Common sites are:
Ovary
Lung
Gastrointestinal
Lymphoma
Dermatomyositis is associated with cancer in 25% of cases. Common sites are:
Ovary
Lung
Gastrointestinal
Lymphoma
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Megaloblastic anemia is the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils. Many factors raise the MCV, but only B 12 and folate deficiency and antimetabolite medications cause hypersegmentation
Megaloblastic anemia is the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils. Many factors raise the MCV, but only B 12 and folate deficiency and antimetabolite medications cause hypersegmentation
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Alarm symptoms indicating endoscopy include:
Weight loss
Blood in stool
Anemia
Alarm symptoms indicating endoscopy include:
Weight loss
Blood in stool
Anemia