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1. tPA (thrombolytics) are beneficial only with ST elevation MI.
2. Heparin is best for non-ST elevation MI.
3. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors are best for non-ST elevation MI and those undergoing PCI and stenting.
1. tPA (thrombolytics) are beneficial only with ST elevation MI.
2. Heparin is best for non-ST elevation MI.
3. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors are best for non-ST elevation MI and those undergoing PCI and stenting.
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The most common pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is elevated triglyceride and decreased HDL cholesterol.
The most common pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is elevated triglyceride and decreased HDL cholesterol.
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In patients with chronic cough (≥8 weeks), symptoms typical of GERD (heartburn, cough that is worse after a large meal), and negative chest x-ray, initiate a PPI as the next most appropriate step.
In patients with chronic cough (≥8 weeks), symptoms typical of GERD (heartburn, cough that is worse after a large meal), and negative chest x-ray, initiate a PPI as the next most appropriate step.
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Lower GI bleeding presents with red blood in the stool, whereas upper GI bleeding presents with black stool.
Lower GI bleeding presents with red blood in the stool, whereas upper GI bleeding presents with black stool.
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IV fluid intake in large volumes is the most important management of acute pancreatitis; it must be given in the first 12–24 hours.
IV fluid intake in large volumes is the most important management of acute pancreatitis; it must be given in the first 12–24 hours.
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While alcohol is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States, the most common reason to need a liver transplant is chronic hepatitis C
While alcohol is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States, the most common reason to need a liver transplant is chronic hepatitis C
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In patients presenting with symptoms and signs of meningitis, treat empirically for bacterial meningitis while awaiting test results from the lumbar puncture.
In patients presenting with symptoms and signs of meningitis, treat empirically for bacterial meningitis while awaiting test results from the lumbar puncture.
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Lymph node involvement (adenitis) is the most frequently involved extrapulmonary site in TB.
Lymph node involvement (adenitis) is the most frequently involved extrapulmonary site in TB.
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Extra-renal manifestations in
Adult polycystic kidney disease:
hepatic cysts (40–60%);
colonic diverticula; hypertension (50%);
intracranial aneurysm (10–20%) (other vascular aneurysms may be seen);
mitral valve prolapse (25%)
Extra-renal manifestations in
Adult polycystic kidney disease:
hepatic cysts (40–60%);
colonic diverticula; hypertension (50%);
intracranial aneurysm (10–20%) (other vascular aneurysms may be seen);
mitral valve prolapse (25%)
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Patients with asthma may have normal PFTs. In these cases, methacholine challenge will provoke an asthmatic crisis and allow the diagnosis of asthma to be made by PFTs. Thus, perform methacholine challenge only for patients with normal PFTs and for whom you are considering a diagnosis of asthma.
Patients with asthma may have normal PFTs. In these cases, methacholine challenge will provoke an asthmatic crisis and allow the diagnosis of asthma to be made by PFTs. Thus, perform methacholine challenge only for patients with normal PFTs and for whom you are considering a diagnosis of asthma.
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For systolic dysfunction, the only antiarrhythmics that are safe are amiodarone, lidocaine, and dofetilide.
For systolic dysfunction, the only antiarrhythmics that are safe are amiodarone, lidocaine, and dofetilide.
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Subdural hematoma is ⬇️
crescent-shaped.
epidural hematoma is ⬇️
lens-shaped.
Subdural hematoma is ⬇️
crescent-shaped.
epidural hematoma is ⬇️
lens-shaped.
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Mitral stenosis⬇️
Physical Findings:
Murmur is in diastole, just after an opening snap. Squatting and leg raising increase the intensity from increased venous return to the heart.
Mitral stenosis⬇️
Physical Findings:
Murmur is in diastole, just after an opening snap. Squatting and leg raising increase the intensity from increased venous return to the heart.
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In all major vascular disease, control each of the following:
BP
LDL below 100
Diabetes
In all major vascular disease, control each of the following:
BP
LDL below 100
Diabetes
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Peripartum cardiomyopathy develops after delivery in most cases; that is why ACEi/ ARBs are acceptable to use.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy develops after delivery in most cases; that is why ACEi/ ARBs are acceptable to use.