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Beck’s triad of acute cardiac tamponade (3 D’s):


Distant heart sounds
Decreased arterial BP
Distended neck veins

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Complications of hereditary hemochromatosis:


Hypogonadism
Cancer (hepatocellular)
Cirrhosis
Cardiomyopathy
Diabetes mellitus
Arthropathy

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Shared features of limited and systemic scleroderma:


Calcinosis
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangectasia

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Antibiotics contraindicated during pregnancy:

metronidazole
chloramphenicol
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline

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Amenorrhea causes:


Kallman's syndrome
Nonfunctioning adenoma
gonadal agenesis and dysgenesis
Weight loss
Testicular feminization
Hypothyroidism
Anorexia
Anovulation
Asherman's syndrome

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Stroke in young patients:

Cocaine
Consanguinity
Cancer
Cardiogenic emboli
hyper Coagulation
Central nervous system infection
Congenital arterial lesion

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Lower lobe pulmonary fibrosis:

Systemic sclerosis
Cyptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Asbetosis
Rheumatoid arthritis

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ALS symptoms:

Anterior horn neuron loss
Lower motor dominant effects
Spino-cortical tract

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Fever with Rash differential:

Typhoid fever
Gonococcemia
Endocarditis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Meningococcemia
Sepsis

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Widened QRS causes:

Bundle branch block
Aberrancy
Drugs (TCAs, cocaine, benadryl)
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular rhythm/ectopy
Hyperkalemia
Hypothermia

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Myxomas may manifest with the triad of:

1- heart failure
2- Embolic disease
3- Constitutional symptoms

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A bifurcation occurs on 4th level of each vertebral column:


C4: bifurcation of common carotid artery
T4: bifurcation of trachea
L4: bifurcation of aorta

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Alkalosis vs. acidosis: directions of pH and HCO3



ROME:
Respiratory= Opposite:
· pH is high, PCO2 is down (Alkalosis).
· pH is low, PCO2 is up (Acidosis).
Metabolic= Equal:
· pH is high, HCO3 is high (Alkalosis).
· pH is low, HCO3 is low (Acidosis).

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Amiodarone:
action, side effects ⬇️

6 P's:
Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

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Ankylosing spondylitis: extra-articular manifestations⬇️

6 A's:
Atlanto-axial subluxation
Anterior uveitis
Apical lung fibrosis
Aortic incompetence
Amyloidosis (kidneys)
Autoimmune bowel disease (UC)

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causes of impalpable Apex beat:

COPD
Obesity
Pleural, Pericardial effusion
Dextrocardia

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Carcinomas having tendency to metastasize to bone:

Prostate
Thyroid
Lung
Kidney
Breast

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Appendicectomy complications:

Wound infection
Respiratory (atelectasis, pneumonia)
Abscess (pelvic)
Portal pyemia
Ileus (paralytic)
Fecal fistula
Hernia (r. inguinal)
Obstruction (intestinal due to adhesions)
Thrombus (DVT)

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Colon carcinoma: left vs right sided common characteristics⬇️

- Left:

Obstruction
Bowel habits altered
Encircling lesion


- Right:

Iron defiency anemia
Bleeding
Bulky

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Eye rotation by oblique muscles:

Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation (extortion).
Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation (intortion).