★[በ0 አመት] Woda Vehicle Manufacturing Vacancy

♦Deadline: August 11, 2025

Woda Vehicle Manufacturing PLC invites fresh and qualified applicants for the following job position.

✔ Position: Junior Sales Officer

❇️ Education: Bachelor’s degree in Business, Marketing, or related fields.

• Fresh graduates are highly encouraged to apply.

🌀How to Apply??
👇👇👇
https://ethiojobs.com.et/woda-vehicle-manufacturing-vacancy

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@ethio_job_vacancy1

★[በ 0 አመት እና በ ልምድ] Equatorial Business Group Job Vacancy

♦Deadline: July 18, 2025

Equatorial Business Group invites qualified candidates for the following job positions.

✔ Position 1: Junior Accountant

❇️ Qualification: BA degree in Accounting and Finance or related fields.

✔ Position 2: Junior ERP Analyst

❇️ Qualification: BSC Degree in IT, Computer Science, IS, Business Administration or related field.

✔ Position 3: Export Commodities Purchasing Officer

❇️ Qualification: BA degree in Business, Accounting, Supply Chain management or related field.

🌀How to Apply??
👇👇👇
https://ethiojobs.com.et/equatorial-business-group-vacancy-2025

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Kindly distribute this information to your staff members!

This is to inform you that we will have the chance to sponsor 4 researchers from Ethiopia to attend the HICL Conference in Hamburg 23-25. September this year.



Kindly note that candidates how want to qualify for the sponsorship have to go through a pre-selection process with us and then afterwards submit to the official conference submission process.

If you are interested, kindly send us your abstract according to the conference regulation until 19th April to: Julia.kleineidam@kuehne-foundation.org and teferi.fenta@kuehne-foundation.org

You can find all details on the conference here: https://www.tuhh.de/hicl/hicl-2026

Hi

Gh

📚 Recommended Textbooks1. Decision Analysis for the ProfessionalAuthors: Peter McNamee and John CelonaThis is a classic text that excels at explaining the "Language of Influence." It is particularly strong for Sections 1.2 and 1.4, as it treats influence diagrams not just as sketches, but as formal mathematical tools.Focus: Mapping complex decisions, building influence diagrams, and converting those diagrams into decision trees.Access Link: Decision Analysis for the Professional (Standard Edition)2. Making Hard DecisionsAuthor: Robert T. ClemenThis is widely considered the "gold standard" for university-level decision modeling. It provides an excellent introduction to Section 1.1 (the modeling process) and Section 1.3 (defining variables and objectives).Focus: Probability, sensitivity analysis, and the structuring of objectives using value trees.Access Link: Making Hard Decisions (via Archive.org) (Note: You may need to create a free account to "borrow" the digital copy).🎓 Chapter 1 OverviewTo get you started before you dive into the readings, here is the conceptual framework for our first unit:1.1 Introduction to ModelingModeling is the process of creating a simplified representation of reality to improve our understanding or performance. In decision modeling, we aren't just predicting the future; we are evaluating how our current choices impact potential outcomes.1.2 Decision TreeA Decision Tree is a chronological representation of the decision problem. It uses nodes to show the flow of time:Square Nodes ($\square$): Decision points (what you control).Circular Nodes ($\bigcirc$): Uncertainty/Chance events (what you don't control).Terminal Nodes ($\blacktriangleright$): The final payoff or outcome.1.3 Variables and ObjectivesBefore you can build a model, you must define:Objectives: What are you trying to achieve? (e.g., Maximize profit, minimize carbon footprint).Decision Variables: The choices available to you.Exogenous Variables: External factors (like market volatility) that affect the outcome but are outside your control.1.4 The Influence DiagramThink of an Influence Diagram as the "bird's-eye view" of a decision, whereas the Decision Tree is the "street view." It shows the dependencies between variables.Rectangles: Decisions.Ovals: Uncertain variables.Diamonds: Final Value/Objective.Arrows: Represent "influence" or "information flow."Professor's Note: As you begin reading, try to take a simple everyday decision—like whether to carry an umbrella today—and sketch it as both an influence diagram and a decision tree. You'll quickly see how the "Influence Diagram" is much cleaner for complex probl

Cognitive_Comp_and_Systems_2021_Nie_Research_on_intelligent_service(4).pdfP
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assign you as bahir dar university's phd student so reviewthe above cleasrly article in this form,1. Introduction (with no more than 250words) Present the aim of the text and summaries the main finding or keyargument. 2. Summary (with no more than 250 words) You can also briefly explainthe author’s purpose/intentions throughout the text, and you may brieflydescribe how the text is organized. 3. Critique (with no more than 250 words)The critique should be a balanced discussion and evaluation of the strengths,weaknesses and notable features of the text. You can choose how to sequenceyour critique. Here are some examples to get you started: Ø Most important to leastimportant conclusions you make about the text. ØIf your critique is more positive than negative, then present the negativepoints first and the positive last. ØIf your critique is more negative than positive, then present the positivepoints first and the negative last. ØYou can also include recommendations for how the text can be improved in termsof ideas, research approach; theories or frameworks used can also be includedin the critique section. 4. Conclusion (with no more than 250 words) This isusually a very short paragraph. • Restate your overall opinion of the text. •Briefly present recommendations. 5. References (with no more than 150 words) Ifyou have used other sources in your review, you should also include a list ofreferences at the end of the review. do it.

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The main difference between TT (Telegraphic Transfer) and CAD (Cash Against Documents) is when the buyer pays and how much security each party has.Feature TT (Tele

graphic Transfer) CAD (Cash Against Documents)Full Meaning Telegraphic Transfer (wire transfer) Cash Against DocumentsPayment Timing Before shipment, after shipment, or as agre
ed Buyer pays when the bank presents the shipping documentsBank's Role Transfers money between buyer's and seller's banks Holds the shipping documents until the buyer paysShipp
ing Documents Seller may send directly or through the bank Documents are sent through the banksRisk to Seller High if payment is after shipment; low if paid in advance Lower th
an open account because the buyer must pay to receive the documentsRisk to Buyer High if payment is made before shipment Lower because payment is made after the goods have been
shipped and documents are availableCost Usually lower bank charges Higher bank charges than TT because banks handle the documents1. TT (Telegraphic Transfer)TT is an electroni
c bank-to-bank transfer of funds.Example (100% Pre-payment)Buyer places an order.Seller issues a Proforma Invoice (PI).Buyer transfers the money by TT.Seller receives the payme
nt.Seller ships the goods.Buyer receives the shipping documents.Example (30% Advance + 70% Before Shipment)Order value: USD 50,000Buyer pays:30% (USD 15,000) in advance by TT.7
0% (USD 35,000) before shipment (or as agreed).Advantages of TTFor the SellerFast payment.Lower banking costs.Better cash flow.For the BuyerSimple process.Quick transaction.Com
monly accepted worldwide.2. CAD (Cash Against Documents)CAD means the seller ships the goods first, then sends the shipping documents to the buyer's bank. The buyer must pay be

for

e the bank releases the docume

nts.Without the original shipping documents (such as th

e Bill of Lading for sea freig

ht), the buyer generally
cannot take possession of the goods.CAD Proce
ssBuyer places an order.Seller ship
s the goods.Seller sends the sh
ipping documents through t
heir bank.The seller's bank forwards the

documents to the buyer's bank.The buyer pays th

e bank.The bank releases
the documents

to the buyer.The buyer uses the docum
ents to clear customs and collect the goods.ExampleO

rde

r Value: USD 100,00

0Under CAD:Seller

ships the goods
first.Seller sends th
e documents through

the banks.The bu

yer pays USD 100,
000 when notified th
at the documents have arrived.

The

bank releases the documents afte

r payment.TT vs CAD TimelineTT (Pre-payment)Buyer Orders ↓Seller issues PI ↓Buyer pays ↓Seller ships goods ↓Buyer receives goodsCADBuyer Orders

↓Seller ships goods ↓Seller sends documents to bank ↓Buyer pays the bank ↓Bank releases documents ↓Buyer receives good

sWh

ich is safer?F

or Better Option ReasonSe
ller TT (Pre-payment) Sell
er receives payment before shipping.Buyer CAD Buyer pays o
nly after the goods have been shipped and the shipping documents
are available.Simple Compa
risonQuestion TT CADWho pays first? Usually the
buyer (if pre-payment is agreed). Seller ships first; buyer pays when d

ocu

ments arr

ive at the bank.When are goo

ds shipped? Of

ten after payment (if pre-payme
nt). Before payment.Are banks involved in handl
ing shipping documents? Usually no (unless separately arranged). Yes, banks
handle the shipping documents.Is it faster? Yes

. S

lightly slower becau

se documents pass th

rough b
anks.Importa
nt Note
CAD is not the s
ame as
a Letter o
f Credi
t (LC).In CAD, the
banks
handle the documents
, b

ut they

do not
guarantee p
ayment
to the seller.In a
n LC, t
he issuing bank undertakes to
pay the
seller if the sell
er pres
ents documents that com
ply wit
h the LC terms.So, i
n t

erm

s of seller prote

ction:TT (100% pre-payment) → Highest protection for the sellerLC → Strong protection for both parties (if properly structu
red)CAD → Moderate protectionOpen Account → Lowest protection for the seller