Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
*10 Key Constitutional Amendments*
1. *1st Amendment Act, 1951*
• Restricted freedom of speech (Art. 19)
• Enabled land reforms, added 9th Schedule
2. *42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini-Constitution)*
• Added “Socialist, Secular” to Preamble
• Curtailed judicial review, strengthened Centre
• During The Emergency
3. *44th Amendment Act, 1978*
• Reversed excesses of 42nd Amendment
• Restored Fundamental Rights protection
• Made Right to Property a legal (not fundamental) right
4. *52nd Amendment Act, 1985*
• Introduced Anti-Defection Law
• Added 10th Schedule
5. *61st Amendment Act, 1988*
• Reduced voting age from 21 → 18
6. *73rd & 74th Amendments, 1992*
• Gave constitutional status to Panchayats & Municipalities
• Strengthened local self-government
• Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision
7. *86th Amendment Act, 2002*
• Made Right to Education (6–14 years) a Fundamental Right (Art. 21A)
8. *99th Amendment Act, 2014*
• Created NJAC for judicial appointments
• Struck down by SC (violated Basic Structure)
9. *101st Amendment Act, 2016*
• Introduced GST (Goods & Services Tax)
• Created “One Nation, One Tax”
10. *103rd Amendment Act, 2019*
• Introduced 10% EWS reservation
• Based on economic criteria
1. *1st Amendment Act, 1951*
• Restricted freedom of speech (Art. 19)
• Enabled land reforms, added 9th Schedule
2. *42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini-Constitution)*
• Added “Socialist, Secular” to Preamble
• Curtailed judicial review, strengthened Centre
• During The Emergency
3. *44th Amendment Act, 1978*
• Reversed excesses of 42nd Amendment
• Restored Fundamental Rights protection
• Made Right to Property a legal (not fundamental) right
4. *52nd Amendment Act, 1985*
• Introduced Anti-Defection Law
• Added 10th Schedule
5. *61st Amendment Act, 1988*
• Reduced voting age from 21 → 18
6. *73rd & 74th Amendments, 1992*
• Gave constitutional status to Panchayats & Municipalities
• Strengthened local self-government
• Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision
7. *86th Amendment Act, 2002*
• Made Right to Education (6–14 years) a Fundamental Right (Art. 21A)
8. *99th Amendment Act, 2014*
• Created NJAC for judicial appointments
• Struck down by SC (violated Basic Structure)
9. *101st Amendment Act, 2016*
• Introduced GST (Goods & Services Tax)
• Created “One Nation, One Tax”
10. *103rd Amendment Act, 2019*
• Introduced 10% EWS reservation
• Based on economic criteria
👍4
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
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Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
🛡️ *AD HOC JUDGE*
♟️When there is a lack of quorum of the permanent judges to hold or continue any session of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of India can appoint a judge of a High Court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.
♟️He can do so only after consultation with the chief justice of the High Court concerned and with the previous consent of the president.
♟️The judge so appointed should be qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.
♟️It is the duty of the judge so appointed to attend the sittings of the Supreme Court, in priority to other duties of his office. While so attending, he enjoys all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges (and discharges the duties) of a judge of the Supreme Court.
♟️When there is a lack of quorum of the permanent judges to hold or continue any session of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice of India can appoint a judge of a High Court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.
♟️He can do so only after consultation with the chief justice of the High Court concerned and with the previous consent of the president.
♟️The judge so appointed should be qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court.
♟️It is the duty of the judge so appointed to attend the sittings of the Supreme Court, in priority to other duties of his office. While so attending, he enjoys all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges (and discharges the duties) of a judge of the Supreme Court.
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
The *Lok Sabha defeated the Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026, aimed at advancing the 33% women's reservation without waiting for the mandated delimitation exercise.*
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
The Consultative Committee of Members of Parliament for Railway Zones is constituted by the?
Anonymous Quiz
26%
Ministry of Parliament Affairs
14%
President of India
16%
Ministry of Transport
44%
Ministry of Railways
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
If a Panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
1 month
27%
3 month
55%
6 month
5%
1 year
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Panchayat Raj was first introduced in India in October, 1959 in?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
Tamil Nadu
74%
Rajasthan
10%
Kerala
5%
Karnataka
❤1
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
A constitutional government by definition is a ?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Limited government
66%
government by legislature
11%
Multi party government
5%
popular government
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
“A machine with strong brakes but no engine” Jawaharlal Nehru said this Statement for which of the following?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Government of India Act 1919
54%
Government of India Act 1935
19%
Cabinet Mission Plan
12%
Cripps Mission Plan
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Triratnas under Jainism Does not include which of the following?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
Right knowledge
36%
Right speech
23%
Right faith
22%
Right conduct
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Article of the Indian constitution which is also available for foreigners?
Anonymous Quiz
38%
Article 20
26%
Article 19
21%
Article 15 and 16
15%
Article 29 and 30
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
What is the system of governance in the Panchayati Raj set up?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
Four tier system of local self government at the village block, district and in the state levels
14%
Single tier structure of local self government at the village level
12%
Two tier system of local self government at the village and block levels
53%
Three tier structure of local self government at the village, block and district levels
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Which one of the following is incorrect in respect of Local Government in India?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Elections to local bodies are to be determined by a Commission
42%
According to the Constitution, local government is not an independent tier in the federal system
20%
Local government finances are to be provided by a Commission
26%
30% of the seats in local bodies are reserved for women
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Which one of the following suggested that the Governor should be an eminent person from outside the State and should be a detached figure without intense political links or should not have taken part in politics in the recent past?
Anonymous Quiz
33%
National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution(2000)
30%
First Administrative Reforms Commission (1966)
15%
Rajamannar Committee
21%
Sarkaria Commission
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Local self-government can be best explained as an exercise in ?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Direct democracy
21%
Federalism
48%
Democratic decentralization
15%
Administrative delegation
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
In the Parliament of India, the purpose of an adjournment motion is?
Anonymous Quiz
55%
to postpone the proceedings to check the inappropriate or violent behaviour on part of some members
28%
to allow a discussion on a definite matter of urgent public importance
8%
to allow a reduction of specific amount in demand for grant
9%
to let opposition members collect information from the ministers
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Along with the Budget, the Finance Minister also places other documents before the Parliament which include ‘The Macro Economic Framework Statement’. The aforesaid document is presented because this is mandated by?
Anonymous Quiz
34%
Provisions of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003
17%
Long standing parliamentary convention
39%
Article 112 and Article 110(1) of the Constitution of India
10%
Article 113 of the Constitution of India
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
In the Parliament of India, the purpose of calling attention motion is?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
To ask for the removal of a minister for inappropriate or violent behaviour.
31%
To let members raise discussion for short durations without a formal motion or vote thereon.
34%
To allow a discussion on a definite matter of urgent public importance.
21%
To call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance.
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
Which of the following terms feature in the Preamble to Indian Constitution?
1. Secular 2. Fraternity 3. Communism 4. Equality 5. Inclusive Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. Secular 2. Fraternity 3. Communism 4. Equality 5. Inclusive Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Anonymous Quiz
66%
1, 2 and 4 only
22%
1, 2, 4 and 5 only
10%
1 and 2 only
3%
3, 4 and 5 only
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
The constituencies for conducting election for assembly or Lok Sabha are delimited with an aim of ?
Anonymous Quiz
38%
Having equal value of individual vote in each constituency.
22%
Achieving practical convenience for free and fair elections.
31%
Maintaining uniform geographical area under each constituency.
10%
Coinciding constituency boundary with administrative boundary.
Forwarded from Indian Judiciary Preparation PCS J
According to the Constitution of India the term ‘District Judge’ shall not include?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Chief Judge of a small cause Court
23%
Chief presidency Magistrate
14%
Sessions Judge
41%
Tribunal Judge