*🛡️Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC)*

♟️Type- Ad-hoc Committee of the Indian Parliament.

♟️Purpose- To investigate specific subjects or Bills, often related to allegations of misconduct or national importance.

♟️Composition-
Members: Drawn from both Houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and include both ruling and opposition parties.
Chairperson: Appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Term: Dissolves after completing its assigned task.

♟️Functions-
Investigation: Collects evidence from experts, public bodies, and other stakeholders.
Recommendations: Advisory in nature.

♟️Notable Cases for which JPC was appointed:
Bofors Scandal (1987)
Harshad Mehta Scam (1992)
Ketan Parekh Scam (2001)
NRC (2016)
Personal Data Protection Bill (2019)

*🛡️Adjournment*

♟️A session of Parliament consists of many meetings. Each meeting of a day consists of two sittings, that is, a morning sitting from 11 am to 1 pm and post-lunch sitting from 2 pm to 6 pm.

♟️A sitting of Parliament can be terminated by adjournment or adjournment sine die or prorogation or dissolution (in the case of the Lok Sabha).

♟️An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks.

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*🛡️Question Hour*

♟️The first hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for this.

♟️During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers. The questions are of three kinds, namely, starred, unstarred and short notice.

♟️A starred question (distinguished by an asterisk) requires an oral answer and hence supplementary questions can follow.

♟️An unstarred question, on the other hand, requires a written answer and hence, supplementary questions cannot follow.

♟️A short notice question is one that is asked by giving a notice of less than ten days. It is answered orally.

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*🛡️Drafting Committee*

♟️Among all the committees of the Constituent Assembly, the most important committee was the Drafting Committee set up on August 29, 1947.

♟️This consisted of seven members. They were:

♟️Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman)

♟️N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar

♟️Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar

♟️Dr. K.M. Munshi

♟️Syed Mohammad Saadullah

♟️N. Madhava Rau (He replaced B.L.
Mitter who resigned due to ill-health)

♟️T.T. Krishnamachari (He replaced D.P. Khaitan who died in 1948)

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*🛡️The Income-tax Bill, 2025*

*Key Features*

♟️ *Qualitative Improvements*
♟️Simplified language, making the law more accessible.
♟️Consolidation of amendments, reducing fragmentation.
♟️Removal of obsolete and redundant provisions for greater clarity.
♟️Structural rationalization through tables and formulae for improved readability.
♟️Preservation of existing taxation principles, ensuring continuity while enhancing usability.

♟️Crypto as Property: Virtual digital assets such as cryptocurrencies have been included in the definition of property to be counted as a capital asset.
♟️Dispute Resolution: It provides the points of determination, decision, and the reasons behind it, marking a shift from the earlier section, which lacked clarity on the manner of issuing DRP directions.
♟️Capital Gain Exemptions: Section 54E of the Act, which details exemptions for capital gains on transfer of capital assets prior to April 1992 has been removed.
♟️Tax Year: The Bill introduces the concept of “tax year”, which has been defined as the 12-month period beginning April 1.