Microbiology_Summary_Gram_Positive_Cocci_Compari_260405_115040.pdf
59.9 KB
📌#ميكرو
ملخص للميكرو على شكل مقارنة وجداول للمراجعة 🔥
مشاركة / عبير الكميم ✨
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#micro_urogenital
LAB_section
✨القناة_العلمية_دفعـ➑ـة✨
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ملخص للميكرو على شكل مقارنة وجداول للمراجعة 🔥
مشاركة / عبير الكميم ✨
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#micro_urogenital
LAB_section
✨القناة_العلمية_دفعـ➑ـة✨
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
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compressed_Pelvic [pictures] .pdf.pdf
2.2 MB
📌هذي ملفات للتشريح فيها الصورة نفس اللي بالتفريغ بس اوضح
ركزوا على البيانات داخل الصور
ركزوا على البيانات داخل الصور
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قسم العملي || LAB دفعـ➑ـة |USF|
compressed_Paracytology. LAB. U.G .pdf.pdf
📌بالنسبة للبارا باذن الله التفريغ شامل لشرح الدكتورة + ملازم سابقة للدكتورة
ركزوا على السلايدين 👇🏻
الدكتورة شرحتهم بالمعمل واحتمال في الاختبار تجي صور مقاربة لهم
ركزوا على السلايدين 👇🏻
الدكتورة شرحتهم بالمعمل واحتمال في الاختبار تجي صور مقاربة لهم
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📌اهم نقاط الفسيو بشكل Notes
للمراجعة او للي ما قراء التفريغات ان شاء الله انها ملمة باهم المعلومات 👇🏻
للمراجعة او للي ما قراء التفريغات ان شاء الله انها ملمة باهم المعلومات 👇🏻
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🏅Golden Notes :
⭐️Factors that effect GFR.
1.Size.
2.Charge .
⭐️Heparan Sulfate: responsible for:
Negative charge of basment membrane.
⭐️The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) :
1) The fenestrated glomerular endothelium,
2) the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
3) the podocyte foot processes with slit diaphragms(Nephrin)
⭐️To measure the filtration of 625ml of plasma in glomerulus use PAH acid to abserve its clearance .
⭐️The filtration only occurs to 125ml of plasma and it is reabsorped later in peritubular capillary
⭐️Normal urine output =
0.5 -1 ml (or cc) /[ kg ×hour]
● In Children =1-2 ml(or cc) /[ kg ×hour]
📌Factors affecting the Surface area:
⭐️⬇️ Surface area due to contraction so ⬇️ GFR :
vasopressin , norepinephrine , histamine , thromboxane
⭐️⬆️ Surface area due to relaxation so ⬆️ GFR :
c. AMP , ANP , PGE2 , dopamine
⭐️ macula densa:
chemoreceptor( sensitize to sodium and chloride).
⭐️Juxtaglomerular cell:
modified smooth muscle
[ baroreceptor]
⭐️factors affecting the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure:
1- the arterial blood pressure [systemic ] .
2- blood volume .
3- the diameter of the affrent and the effrent arteriole.
⭐️Factors raise glomerular capillary hydroststic pressure :
🔸hypertension
🔸congestive heart failure
🔸preeclampsia
⭐️Factors decrease glomerular capillary hydroststic pressure :
🔹dehydration
🔹hypovolemic shock
🔹diarrhea , vomiting, burns
⭐️Factors⬆️hydrostatic pressure in bowman's capsule 👉🏻 ⬇️ GFR :
1-obstruction like stone in Ureter ot tumer.
2- BPH .
3- Stricture in Ureter .
4- Compression from outside like pregnancy .
5- Fibrosis in retroperitoneal.colloid osmotic pressure
لما يزداد colloid عيقلل GFR
⭐️Increase osmotic pressure :
1. dehydration by concentration
2. Multipule myloma
⭐️Decrease osmotic pressure :
1. liver cirosis
2. protein lossing enteropathy
3. starvation
4. nephrotic syndrom
⬆️ C.O.P (dehydration) 👉🏻⬇️ GFR
⬇️ C.O.P (hypoproteinemia)👉🏻 ⬆️ GFR
⭕️In starvation 👉🏻 ⬇️ protein intake 👉🏻⬆️ GFR .
لانه قلل ال Osmotic pressure
⭕️ in high protein intake 👉🏻 ⬆️ amino acid reabsorption with Na 👉🏻 V.D to afferent + V.C to efferent 👉🏻⬆️ GFR
⭐️يعني في النقص الشديد او الزيادة الشديدة للبروتين النتيجة واحدة ⬆️GFR
⭐️Factors effect Capillary filtration Coefficient (Kf) :
1. Permeability
2. Surface area
⭐️GFR= Kf × NFP
⭐️Measurement of GFR :
1⃣ Inulin Clearance [Exogenous]
2⃣ Creatinine Clearance [Endogenous]
⭐️Advantages of using inulin for the test:
1- Freely filtered
2- Not reabsorped or secreted
3- Not metabolized
4- Not stored in kidney
5- Not effect the filtration rate
⭐️Cockcroft-Gault formula:
used to estimate creatinine clearance particularly for dosing renally cleared drugs.
💡It estimates function based on age, weight , serum creatinine , biological sex.
📌CrCl=(140-age)×wt / 72 ×Serum creatinine.
الwomen بيكون 1.4 %
ال men بيكون 1.23 %
⭐️Factors that effect GFR.
1.Size.
2.Charge .
⭐️Heparan Sulfate: responsible for:
Negative charge of basment membrane.
⭐️The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) :
1) The fenestrated glomerular endothelium,
2) the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
3) the podocyte foot processes with slit diaphragms(Nephrin)
⭐️To measure the filtration of 625ml of plasma in glomerulus use PAH acid to abserve its clearance .
⭐️The filtration only occurs to 125ml of plasma and it is reabsorped later in peritubular capillary
⭐️Normal urine output =
0.5 -1 ml (or cc) /[ kg ×hour]
● In Children =1-2 ml(or cc) /[ kg ×hour]
📌Factors affecting the Surface area:
⭐️⬇️ Surface area due to contraction so ⬇️ GFR :
vasopressin , norepinephrine , histamine , thromboxane
⭐️⬆️ Surface area due to relaxation so ⬆️ GFR :
c. AMP , ANP , PGE2 , dopamine
⭐️ macula densa:
chemoreceptor( sensitize to sodium and chloride).
⭐️Juxtaglomerular cell:
modified smooth muscle
[ baroreceptor]
⭐️factors affecting the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure:
1- the arterial blood pressure [systemic ] .
2- blood volume .
3- the diameter of the affrent and the effrent arteriole.
⭐️Factors raise glomerular capillary hydroststic pressure :
🔸hypertension
🔸congestive heart failure
🔸preeclampsia
⭐️Factors decrease glomerular capillary hydroststic pressure :
🔹dehydration
🔹hypovolemic shock
🔹diarrhea , vomiting, burns
⭐️Factors⬆️hydrostatic pressure in bowman's capsule 👉🏻 ⬇️ GFR :
1-obstruction like stone in Ureter ot tumer.
2- BPH .
3- Stricture in Ureter .
4- Compression from outside like pregnancy .
5- Fibrosis in retroperitoneal.colloid osmotic pressure
لما يزداد colloid عيقلل GFR
⭐️Increase osmotic pressure :
1. dehydration by concentration
2. Multipule myloma
⭐️Decrease osmotic pressure :
1. liver cirosis
2. protein lossing enteropathy
3. starvation
4. nephrotic syndrom
⬆️ C.O.P (dehydration) 👉🏻⬇️ GFR
⬇️ C.O.P (hypoproteinemia)👉🏻 ⬆️ GFR
⭕️In starvation 👉🏻 ⬇️ protein intake 👉🏻⬆️ GFR .
لانه قلل ال Osmotic pressure
⭕️ in high protein intake 👉🏻 ⬆️ amino acid reabsorption with Na 👉🏻 V.D to afferent + V.C to efferent 👉🏻⬆️ GFR
⭐️يعني في النقص الشديد او الزيادة الشديدة للبروتين النتيجة واحدة ⬆️GFR
⭐️Factors effect Capillary filtration Coefficient (Kf) :
1. Permeability
2. Surface area
⭐️GFR= Kf × NFP
⭐️Measurement of GFR :
1⃣ Inulin Clearance [Exogenous]
2⃣ Creatinine Clearance [Endogenous]
⭐️Advantages of using inulin for the test:
1- Freely filtered
2- Not reabsorped or secreted
3- Not metabolized
4- Not stored in kidney
5- Not effect the filtration rate
⭐️Cockcroft-Gault formula:
used to estimate creatinine clearance particularly for dosing renally cleared drugs.
💡It estimates function based on age, weight , serum creatinine , biological sex.
📌CrCl=(140-age)×wt / 72 ×Serum creatinine.
الwomen بيكون 1.4 %
ال men بيكون 1.23 %
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