KuCoin has completed the Ethereum POW (ETHW) Airdrop to the Ethereum (ETH) holders.
Please Note:
1. KuCoin took a snapshot of users’ Ethereum (ETH) assets at 06:30 AM on September 15, 2022 (UTC).
2. We has airdrop ETHW to ETH holders at a ratio of 1 ETH:1 ETHW.
3. The snapshot records have included balances in Trading, Margin, Trading Bot, Futures, and Financial Account.
4. Minimum holding for eligibility: 1 USDT worth of ETH.
5.All the ETHW assets has been airdroped to the Spot Account.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/kucoin-has-completed-the-ethereum-pow-airdrop-0924
KuCoin is extremely proud to announce yet another great project coming to our trading platform. EthereumPoW (ETHW) is now available on KuCoin. Supported trading pair is ETHW/USDT.
Please take note of the following schedule:
Deposits Effective Immediately (Supported Network:ETHW)
Trading: 9:00 on September 26, 2022 (UTC)
Withdrawals: 10:00 on September 27, 2022 (UTC)
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-ethereumpow-ethw-gets-listed-on-kucoin
Please Note:
1. KuCoin took a snapshot of users’ Ethereum (ETH) assets at 06:30 AM on September 15, 2022 (UTC).
2. We has airdrop ETHW to ETH holders at a ratio of 1 ETH:1 ETHW.
3. The snapshot records have included balances in Trading, Margin, Trading Bot, Futures, and Financial Account.
4. Minimum holding for eligibility: 1 USDT worth of ETH.
5.All the ETHW assets has been airdroped to the Spot Account.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/kucoin-has-completed-the-ethereum-pow-airdrop-0924
KuCoin is extremely proud to announce yet another great project coming to our trading platform. EthereumPoW (ETHW) is now available on KuCoin. Supported trading pair is ETHW/USDT.
Please take note of the following schedule:
Deposits Effective Immediately (Supported Network:ETHW)
Trading: 9:00 on September 26, 2022 (UTC)
Withdrawals: 10:00 on September 27, 2022 (UTC)
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-ethereumpow-ethw-gets-listed-on-kucoin
KuCoin will adjust the tick size (i.e., the minimum change in the unit price) of the BUSD/USDT and USDT/USDC trading pairs as shown in the table below at 08:00 on September 27, 2022 (UTC).
Trading Pair Before After
BUSD/USDT 0.0001 0.00001
USDT/USDC 0.0001 0.00001
https://www.kucoin.com/zh-hans/news/announcement-of-the-adjustment-tick-size-for-busd-usdt-and-usdt-usdc-trading-pairs
Trading Pair Before After
BUSD/USDT 0.0001 0.00001
USDT/USDC 0.0001 0.00001
https://www.kucoin.com/zh-hans/news/announcement-of-the-adjustment-tick-size-for-busd-usdt-and-usdt-usdc-trading-pairs
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
KuCoin Leveraged Tokens has scheduled a system upgrade at 06:25:00, September 27 , 2022 (UTC).
The upgrade will take about 45 minutes. During this period, the order-matching, order placing and other functions of Leveraged Tokens on the KuCoin website, APP, and open API will be temporarily suspended.
Note: Order cancelling, Subscribe and redeem will be available during this period.
https://www.kucoin.cloud/news/en-etf-notice-220927
The upgrade will take about 45 minutes. During this period, the order-matching, order placing and other functions of Leveraged Tokens on the KuCoin website, APP, and open API will be temporarily suspended.
Note: Order cancelling, Subscribe and redeem will be available during this period.
https://www.kucoin.cloud/news/en-etf-notice-220927
www.kucoin.cloud
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform a system upgrade at 06:30 on September 27, 2022 (UTC). The upgrade will take about 30 minutes. During this period, the order-matching, order placing, take profit/stop loss features, as well as the auto-deposit margin and other contract functions on KuCoin Futures website, APP and openAPI will be temporarily suspended. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:00:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:10:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-trading-system-will-be-suspended-for-30-minutes-for-upgrade-scheduled-on-september-27-2022
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-trading-system-will-be-suspended-for-30-minutes-for-upgrade-scheduled-on-september-27-2022
KuCoin Futures has completed this upgrade. The order cancellation of all trading pairs is available now.
The KuCoin Futures maintenance on September 27 has been completed, all trading and order matchmaking services are available.
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform an upgrade on these contracts at 06:30 on October 10, 2022 (UTC), including:
CVC PERP/USDT, QTUM PERP/USDT, JST PERP/USDT, REN PERP/USDT, BSV PERP/USDT, AGLD PERP/USDT, KLAY PERP/USDT, NFT PERP/USDT, XEM PERP/USDT, XCN PERP/USDT, WAXP PERP/USDT, CELO PERP/USDT, IOST PERP/USDT, OMG PERP/USDT, NYM PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-part-of-contracts-on-october-10-2022
CVC PERP/USDT, QTUM PERP/USDT, JST PERP/USDT, REN PERP/USDT, BSV PERP/USDT, AGLD PERP/USDT, KLAY PERP/USDT, NFT PERP/USDT, XEM PERP/USDT, XCN PERP/USDT, WAXP PERP/USDT, CELO PERP/USDT, IOST PERP/USDT, OMG PERP/USDT, NYM PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-part-of-contracts-on-october-10-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
The ongoing upgrade of KuCoin Futures partial contracts will be extended and are expected to last 30 minutes. Our tech team is working hard to complete the upgrade as quickly as possible.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-partial-contracts-upgrade-extension-on-october-10-2022
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-partial-contracts-upgrade-extension-on-october-10-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
KuCoin Futures has completed this upgrade. The order cancellation is available now.
The KuCoin Futures maintenance on October 10 has been completed, all trading and order matchmaking services are available.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-partial-contracts-upgrade-completed-on-october-10-2022
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-partial-contracts-upgrade-completed-on-october-10-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
Attention:
Zero fee promotion on SPOT for all users(including market makers)
Event duration: 10/12/2022 10:00:00 - 10/19/2022 10:00:00 (UTC)
Scope: (9 spot trading pairs)
BTC/USDT, BTC/USDC, BTC/TUSD, BTC/DAI
ETH/USDT, ETH/USDC, ETH/TUSD, ETH/DAI, ETH/BTC
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-0-fees-for-trading-btc-and-eth
Zero fee promotion on SPOT for all users(including market makers)
Event duration: 10/12/2022 10:00:00 - 10/19/2022 10:00:00 (UTC)
Scope: (9 spot trading pairs)
BTC/USDT, BTC/USDC, BTC/TUSD, BTC/DAI
ETH/USDT, ETH/USDC, ETH/TUSD, ETH/DAI, ETH/BTC
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-0-fees-for-trading-btc-and-eth
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform an upgrade on these contracts at 06:30 on October 13, 2022 (UTC), including:
USDT-Margined Contracts: SOS PERP/USDT, DGB PERP/USDT, ARPA PERP/USDT, OGN PERP/USDT, WOO PERP/USDT, DUSK PERP/USDT, STORJ PERP/USDT, LIT PERP/USDT, BAT PERP/USDT, SXP PERP/USDT, BAND PERP/USDT, PERP PERP/USDT, SLP PERP/USDT, IMX PERP/USDT, CELR PERP/USDT, LINA PERP/USDT, ENJ PERP/USDT, RNDR PERP/USDT, BAL PERP/USDT, C98 PERP/USDT, INJ PERP/USDT, ZEC PERP/USDT, XTZ PERP/USDT, KDA PERP/USDT, HBAR PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-part-of-contracts-on-october-13-2022
USDT-Margined Contracts: SOS PERP/USDT, DGB PERP/USDT, ARPA PERP/USDT, OGN PERP/USDT, WOO PERP/USDT, DUSK PERP/USDT, STORJ PERP/USDT, LIT PERP/USDT, BAT PERP/USDT, SXP PERP/USDT, BAND PERP/USDT, PERP PERP/USDT, SLP PERP/USDT, IMX PERP/USDT, CELR PERP/USDT, LINA PERP/USDT, ENJ PERP/USDT, RNDR PERP/USDT, BAL PERP/USDT, C98 PERP/USDT, INJ PERP/USDT, ZEC PERP/USDT, XTZ PERP/USDT, KDA PERP/USDT, HBAR PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-part-of-contracts-on-october-13-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
KuCoin Futures has completed this upgrade. 10 mins of Cancel-Only period starting soon at 07:30 UTC. Trade will resume after that at 7:40 UTC.
KuCoin Futures will update the tick size (i.e., the minimum change in the unit price) of partial USDT-margined perpetual contracts at 06:30:00 on October 17, 2022 (UTC).
The specific adjustment details are as follows:
Contracts Before After
OCEAN Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
MIR Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
SXP Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
ALGO Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
XEM Perpetual/USDT 0.0001 0.00001
ENJ Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
https://www.kucoin.com/news/announcement-on-updating-the-tick-size-of-partial-usdt-margined-perpetual-contracts-on-kucoin-futures-for-october-17-2022
The specific adjustment details are as follows:
Contracts Before After
OCEAN Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
MIR Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
SXP Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
ALGO Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
XEM Perpetual/USDT 0.0001 0.00001
ENJ Perpetual/USDT 0.001 0.0001
https://www.kucoin.com/news/announcement-on-updating-the-tick-size-of-partial-usdt-margined-perpetual-contracts-on-kucoin-futures-for-october-17-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform an upgrade on these contracts at 06:30 on October 17, 2022 (UTC), including:
Coin-Margined Contracts: BTC Quarterly 1230, DOT PERP/USD, XRP PERP/USD.
USDT-Margined Contracts: DENT PERP/USDT, AUDIO PERP/USDT, DASH PERP/USDT, YGG PERP/USDT, TLM PERP/USDT, ONT PERP/USDT, ANKR PERP/USDT, NEO PERP/USDT, API3 PERP/USDT, CTSI PERP/USDT, LOOKS PERP/USDT, LRC PERP/USDT, CRO PERP/USDT, ICP PERP/USDT, EGLD PERP/USDT, GAL PERP/USDT, KSM PERP/USDT, FLOW PERP/USDT, THETA PERP/USDT, ONE PERP/USDT, VET PERP/USDT, YFI PERP/USDT, COMP PERP/USDT, UNFI PERP/USDT, BCH PERP/USDT, ETC PERP/USDT, BNB PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-partial-contracts-on-october-17-2022
Coin-Margined Contracts: BTC Quarterly 1230, DOT PERP/USD, XRP PERP/USD.
USDT-Margined Contracts: DENT PERP/USDT, AUDIO PERP/USDT, DASH PERP/USDT, YGG PERP/USDT, TLM PERP/USDT, ONT PERP/USDT, ANKR PERP/USDT, NEO PERP/USDT, API3 PERP/USDT, CTSI PERP/USDT, LOOKS PERP/USDT, LRC PERP/USDT, CRO PERP/USDT, ICP PERP/USDT, EGLD PERP/USDT, GAL PERP/USDT, KSM PERP/USDT, FLOW PERP/USDT, THETA PERP/USDT, ONE PERP/USDT, VET PERP/USDT, YFI PERP/USDT, COMP PERP/USDT, UNFI PERP/USDT, BCH PERP/USDT, ETC PERP/USDT, BNB PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-partial-contracts-on-october-17-2022
KuCoin Futures has completed the partial contracts tick size update on 07:00:00 on October 17, 2022 (UTC).
KuCoin API Notification
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform an upgrade on these contracts at 06:30 on October 17, 2022 (UTC), including: Coin-Margined Contracts: BTC Quarterly 1230, DOT PERP/USD, XRP PERP/USD. USDT-Margined Contracts: DENT PERP/USDT, AUDIO PERP/USDT, DASH PERP/USDT…
KuCoin Futures has completed this upgrade. 10 mins of Cancel-Only period starting soon at 07:10 UTC. Trade will resume after that at 7:20 UTC.
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform an upgrade on these contracts at 06:30 on October 20, 2022 (UTC), including:
Coin-Margined Contract: BTC PERP/USD.
USDT-Margined Contracts: BTC PERP/USDT, CHR PERP/USDT, GRT PERP/USDT, SRM PERP/USDT, PEOPLE PERP/USDT, XMR PERP/USDT, LDO PERP/USDT, SNX PERP/USDT, GALA PERP/USDT, XLM PERP/USDT, AXS PERP/USDT, MANA PERP/USDT, ZIL PERP/USDT, SUSHI PERP/USDT, AAVE PERP/USDT, RSR PERP/USDT, FTM PERP/USDT, TRB PERP/USDT, UNI PERP/USDT, ANC PERP/USDT, GMT PERP/USDT, CHZ PERP/USDT, RVN PERP/USDT, ADA PERP/USDT, LINK PERP/USDT, APE PERP/USDT, ATOM PERP/USDT, MATIC PERP/USDT, SOL PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-partial-contracts-on-october-20-2022
Coin-Margined Contract: BTC PERP/USD.
USDT-Margined Contracts: BTC PERP/USDT, CHR PERP/USDT, GRT PERP/USDT, SRM PERP/USDT, PEOPLE PERP/USDT, XMR PERP/USDT, LDO PERP/USDT, SNX PERP/USDT, GALA PERP/USDT, XLM PERP/USDT, AXS PERP/USDT, MANA PERP/USDT, ZIL PERP/USDT, SUSHI PERP/USDT, AAVE PERP/USDT, RSR PERP/USDT, FTM PERP/USDT, TRB PERP/USDT, UNI PERP/USDT, ANC PERP/USDT, GMT PERP/USDT, CHZ PERP/USDT, RVN PERP/USDT, ADA PERP/USDT, LINK PERP/USDT, APE PERP/USDT, ATOM PERP/USDT, MATIC PERP/USDT, SOL PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-partial-contracts-on-october-20-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.
KuCoin will temporarily close the Margin services of ACA.
Details:
1. At 10:00:00 on October 18, 2022 (UTC), the borrowing services of ACA will be closed.
2. At 07:00:00 on October 25, 2022 (UTC), the closure of ACA-USDT Margin trading services, lending and borrowing services of ACA, the function of transferring ACA into the Cross Margin account or the Isolated Margin account , and repayment of the loans will take place (the function of transferring ACA out from Margin accounts is not affected) .
If users have the loans of ACA in Margin accounts, the system will cancel all open orders of ACA, activate the liquidation process to close the ACA positions, and repay ACA loans.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-margin-notice-20221018
Details:
1. At 10:00:00 on October 18, 2022 (UTC), the borrowing services of ACA will be closed.
2. At 07:00:00 on October 25, 2022 (UTC), the closure of ACA-USDT Margin trading services, lending and borrowing services of ACA, the function of transferring ACA into the Cross Margin account or the Isolated Margin account , and repayment of the loans will take place (the function of transferring ACA out from Margin accounts is not affected) .
If users have the loans of ACA in Margin accounts, the system will cancel all open orders of ACA, activate the liquidation process to close the ACA positions, and repay ACA loans.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-margin-notice-20221018
NOTICE:
The zero-fee promotion on SPOT for all users(including market makers), will be extended.
Updated Event Duration: 10/19/2022 10:00 — 11/02/2022 10:00 (UTC)
Scope: (9 spot trading pairs)
BTC/USDT, BTC/USDC, BTC/TUSD, BTC/DAI
ETH/USDT, ETH/USDC, ETH/TUSD, ETH/DAI, ETH/BTC
Notes:
1. At the extended start time of the event, 2022/10/19 10:00 (UTC), there will be about 5 seconds of cache time, and the 0 rate will not take effect;
2. For the fairness of all market makers, we will delete the self-trading maker trading volume scores of the following currency pairs at the beginnin g of next month. (Does not affect the following currency pairs that are not self-trading maker trading volume scores and other target trading pair scores)
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-0-fees-for-trading-btc-and-eth-event-extension
The zero-fee promotion on SPOT for all users(including market makers), will be extended.
Updated Event Duration: 10/19/2022 10:00 — 11/02/2022 10:00 (UTC)
Scope: (9 spot trading pairs)
BTC/USDT, BTC/USDC, BTC/TUSD, BTC/DAI
ETH/USDT, ETH/USDC, ETH/TUSD, ETH/DAI, ETH/BTC
Notes:
1. At the extended start time of the event, 2022/10/19 10:00 (UTC), there will be about 5 seconds of cache time, and the 0 rate will not take effect;
2. For the fairness of all market makers, we will delete the self-trading maker trading volume scores of the following currency pairs at the beginnin g of next month. (Does not affect the following currency pairs that are not self-trading maker trading volume scores and other target trading pair scores)
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-0-fees-for-trading-btc-and-eth-event-extension
KuCoin Futures has scheduled to perform an upgrade on these contracts at 06:30 on October 24, 2022 (UTC), including:
Coin-Margined Contract: ETH PERP/USD.
USDT-Margined Contracts: ETH PERP/USDT, KAVA PERP/USDT, ALICE PERP/USDT, IOTX PERP/USDT, OCEAN PERP/USDT, MKR PERP/USDT, TRX PERP/USDT, 1INCH PERP/USDT, DYDX PERP/USDT, WAVES PERP/USDT, VRA PERP/USDT, ROSE PERP/USDT, RUNE PERP/USDT, FIL PERP/USDT, ENS PERP/USDT, KNC PERP/USDT, JASMY PERP/USDT, CRV PERP/USDT, DOGE PERP/USDT, ALGO PERP/USDT, MIR PERP/USDT, SAND PERP/USDT, NEAR PERP/USDT, OP PERP/USDT, AVAX PERP/USDT, LTC PERP/USDT, DOT PERP/USDT, SHIB PERP/USDT, EOS PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-partial-contracts-on-october-24-2022
Coin-Margined Contract: ETH PERP/USD.
USDT-Margined Contracts: ETH PERP/USDT, KAVA PERP/USDT, ALICE PERP/USDT, IOTX PERP/USDT, OCEAN PERP/USDT, MKR PERP/USDT, TRX PERP/USDT, 1INCH PERP/USDT, DYDX PERP/USDT, WAVES PERP/USDT, VRA PERP/USDT, ROSE PERP/USDT, RUNE PERP/USDT, FIL PERP/USDT, ENS PERP/USDT, KNC PERP/USDT, JASMY PERP/USDT, CRV PERP/USDT, DOGE PERP/USDT, ALGO PERP/USDT, MIR PERP/USDT, SAND PERP/USDT, NEAR PERP/USDT, OP PERP/USDT, AVAX PERP/USDT, LTC PERP/USDT, DOT PERP/USDT, SHIB PERP/USDT, EOS PERP/USDT.
The upgrade will take about 70 minutes. It is estimated that the order cancellation will be available at 07:30:00 (UTC), all trading and order matchmaking services will be available at 07:40:00 (UTC) the same day.
https://www.kucoin.com/news/en-kucoin-futures-will-upgrade-partial-contracts-on-october-24-2022
Kucoin
Crypto Exchange | Bitcoin Exchange | Bitcoin Trading | KuCoin
KuCoin is a secure cryptocurrency exchange that makes it easier to buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, KCS, SHIB, DOGE, Gari etc.