#ENVIRONMENT

■India: First Asian Country To Launch A Plastics Pact

✅The India Plastics Pact, the first in Asia, has been launched as collaboration between the World-Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF India)& the Confederation of Indian Industry (Cll) at the Cll Annual Sustainability Summit.

✅The Pacts bring together everyone from across the plastics value chain to implement practical solutions

●Plastic waste:

✅According to a report published by the Center for International Environmental Law, by 2050, greenhouse gas emissions from plastic could reach over 56 GT ,10-13% of the remaining carbon budget.

✅9.46 MT of plastic waste is generated in India annually,& out of which, 40% is not collected.

✅About 50% of plastics produced in the country are used in packaging, most of which are single-use in nature.

●Plastics Pacts:

✅The Plastics Pact is a network of initiatives that bring together all key stakeholders at the national or regional level to implement solutions towards a circular economy For plastics.

✅Each initiative is led by a local organisation & unites governments, businesses, & citizens behind the common vision with a concrete set of ambitious local targets.

✅The first plastics pact was launched in the UK in 2018 in collaboration with WRAP a global NGO based in the U.K., in partnership with the Ellen Macarthur Foundation.

✅The Plastics Pacts is active in a number of countries including the U.K., South Africa, and Australia.

●Targets:

✅Eliminate unnecessary & problematic plastic packaging through redesign & innovation

✅Move from single-use to reuse

✅Ensure all plastic packaging is reusable, recyclable, or compostable

✅Increase the reuse, collection, and recycling or composting of plastic packaging

✅Increase recycled content in plastic packaging

●India Plastics Pact:

✅The India Plastics Pact has been developed as a collaboration between WWF India and the Confederation of Indian Industry (Cll).

✅It mainly focuses on solutions & innovation.

✅It aims to empower businesses, governments,& the entire plastics value chain to transition towards a circular economy for plastics in India.

✅The Pact will support the Extended Producer Responsibility framework of the government and it also improves solid waste management as envisioned in the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

✅The India Plastics Pact is supported by UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) and WRAP a global NGO based in the UK.

✅This association will ensure access to expertise & knowledge from different Pacts worldwide.

✅The Pact has developed a road map for guidance, form action groups composed of members, and initiate innovation proiects.

●Targets to be achieved by 2030:

✅1. Prepare a list of unnecessary plastic packaging and items and take measures to address them through redesign and innovation

✅2. 100% of plastic packaging to be reusable or recyclable

✅3. 50% of plastic packaging to be effectively recycled

✅4. 25% average recycled content across all plastic packaging

●Advantages of the pact:

✅It will benefit society, the economy, and the environment.

✅It also encourages the development and evolution of the entire plastics production and management ecosystem.

✅It will drive the circularity of plastics and help to bring down pollution.

✅The pact will be helpful in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

✅Many Indian businesses and organizations have expressed an interest in signing up for the Pact.

✅There will be Long-lasting benefits to the supply chains of these businesses, mostly comprise of MSMEs.

●WWF India:

✅it was established as a Charitable Trust on 27 November 1969.

✅lts aim is to reduce the degradation of Earth's natural environment & building a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.

✅The name of the organization has been changed from the World Wildlife Fund to World Wide Fund for Nature India in 1987.

✅WWF India is a science-based organization that addresses issues such as the conservation of species & their habitats, climate change, water, and environmental education, among many others.

Northern River Terrapin
●The northern river terrapin is a species of riverine turtle native to Southeast Asia.
●It is classified Critically Endangered by the IUCN and considered extinct in much of its former range. 
●Captive breeding project was established in Sajnekhali Forest Station in the Sunderban Tiger Reserve in India.

✔️GA ASKED IN IDBI PGDBF (04/09/2021)

1. Limit of payment banks' deposit before the new amendment.
2. Definition of NPA
3. Banks merged to form Imperial Bank of India.
4. Plastic card through which bank sets a limit for individual to access money.
5. World bank chairperson
6. Digital Payment Index of July 2021.
7. Mutual funds company used to lend the amounts in which type of funds.
8. 91,182,364 days tenure of which type of certificate.
9. HSBC bank provides which thing first time in 1986.
10. Retail market inflation can be calculated by which type of Index.
11. Question related to white label ATM.
12. Question related to IPO
13. Question related to soverign gold bond
14.MSF is the facility through which bank can borrow money for overnight through which organisation.
15. First payment bank in India.
16. Which bank have rights to issue electoral bond authorized by GOI.
17. Headoffice of DICGC in which city?
18.DICGC Headquarters
19.World Lion Day
20.New Shekel Currency
21.1st Payment Bank
22.WTO Members
23.Standard Chartered Bank Headquarter
24.Zen Garden in which state in India
25.MSF Question
26.Golden Threshold Author
27.Mutual Fund Related 28.Question related to GIFT City
29.EMV Chip- Full Form
30. HSBC ATM launched in which year
31.Railtel Wifi launched by whom
32. AU Finance Bank Tag line
33.Venture Capital Fund by
34.PFRDA under which organization

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🧰Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel III)🧰

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten countries in 1974. The committee expanded its membership in 2009 and then again in 2014. In 2019, the BCBS has 45 members from 28 Jurisdictions, consisting of Central Banks and authorities with responsibility of banking regulation. It provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters. Its objective is to enhance understanding of key supervisory issues and improve the quality of banking supervision worldwide. The Committee frames guidelines and standards in different areas – some of the better known among them are the international standards on capital adequacy, the Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision and the Concordat on cross-border banking supervision. The Committee's Secretariat is located at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basel, Switzerland. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) hosts and supports a number of international institutions engaged in standard setting and financial stability, one of which is BCBS. Yet like the other committees, BCBS has its own governance arrangements, reporting lines and agendas, guided by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten (G10) countries.


Basel III (or the Third Basel Accord or Basel Standards) is a global, voluntary regulatory framework on bank capital adequacy, stress testing, and market liquidity risk. This third installment of the Basel Accords (see Basel I, Basel II) was developed in response to the deficiencies in financial regulation revealed by the financial crisis of 2007–08. It is intended to strengthen bank capital requirements by increasing bank liquidity and decreasing bank leverage.

Basel III was agreed upon by the members of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in November 2010, and was scheduled to be introduced from 2013 until 2015; however, implementation was extended repeatedly to 31 March 2019 and then again until 1 January 2022.

Overview
The Basel III standard aims to strengthen the requirements from the Basel II standard on bank's minimum capital ratios. In addition, it introduces requirements on liquid asset holdings and funding stability, thereby seeking to mitigate the risk of a run on the bank.

Key principles
Capital requirements
The original Basel III rule from 2010 required banks to fund themselves with 4.5% of common equity (up from 2% in Basel II) of risk-weighted assets (RWAs). Since 2015, a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio of 4.5% must be maintained at all times by the bank.

The minimum Tier 1 capital increases from 4% in Basel II to 6%,[4] applicable in 2015, over RWAs.[5] This 6% is composed of 4.5% of CET1, plus an extra 1.5% of Additional Tier 1 (AT1).

Furthermore, Basel III introduced two additional capital buffers:

A mandatory "capital conservation buffer", equivalent to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. Considering the 4.5% CET1 capital ratio required, banks have to hold a total of 7% CET1 capital ratio, from 2019 onwards.
A "discretionary counter-cyclical buffer", allowing national regulators to require up to an additional 2.5% of capital during periods of high credit growth. The level of this buffer ranges between 0% and 2.5% of RWA and must be met by CET1 capital.
Leverage ratio
Basel III introduced a minimum "leverage ratio". This is a non-risk-based leverage ratio and is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by the bank's average total consolidated assets (sum of the exposures of all assets and non-balance sheet items).[6][7] The banks are expected to maintain a leverage ratio in excess of 3% under Basel III.

In July 2013, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced that the minimum Basel III leverage ratio would be 6% for 8 Systemically important financial institution (SIFI) banks and 5% for their insured bank holding companies.