The protease inhibitors interfere with processing of the viral protein, thus preventing formation of new viral particles.
Enfuvirtide blocks the fusion of the viral particle to the target cell, while maraviroc inhibits entry of the viral particles into cells.
Therapy for HIV is either based on inhibition of RT using one NNRTI + two NRTIs or based on use of a protease inhibitor using one or two PIs + two NRTIs.
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GPAT 288 (AIR)
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MCQ No.1977 | IMA
In Flame emission photometers, the measurement of _____________ is used for quantitative analysis.
In Flame emission photometers, the measurement of _____________ is used for quantitative analysis.
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Colour
57%
Intensity
11%
Velocity
9%
Frequency
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GPAT 288 (AIR)
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Morning Motivation
- Paulo Coelho
"There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure."- Paulo Coelho
Today’s Live Pharmacology lecture will be @7:30pm
Topic: Route of administrationIntravenous Injections
Intravenous administration of drugs (as an aqueous solution) is injected directly into a vein at a rate that is commensurate with efficiency, safety, comfort for the patient, and desired duration of the drug response. The drug may be administered via a slow drip to maintain the blood level or to provide nutrients and drugs after surgery. The drug must be maintained in solution after injection so that no precipitation occurs to produce emboli. Injections with oleaginous bases are not given IV as they might produce pulmonary embolisms.
Intravenous administration of drugs (as an aqueous solution) is injected directly into a vein at a rate that is commensurate with efficiency, safety, comfort for the patient, and desired duration of the drug response. The drug may be administered via a slow drip to maintain the blood level or to provide nutrients and drugs after surgery. The drug must be maintained in solution after injection so that no precipitation occurs to produce emboli. Injections with oleaginous bases are not given IV as they might produce pulmonary embolisms.
Intramuscular Injections
Intramuscular injections are performed deep into the skeletal muscles at either the deltoid, gluteal, or lumbar muscles. The site is chosen to minimize danger of hitting a nerve or blood vessel. Aqueous or oleaginous solutions or suspensions may be used with rapid effects or depot activity selected to meet the require- ments of the patient. Drugs that are irritating to subcutaneous tissue are often administered intramuscularly with volumes of 2 to 5 mL or more. When a volume of 5 mL or more is to be injected it should be in divided doses using two injections.
Intramuscular injections are performed deep into the skeletal muscles at either the deltoid, gluteal, or lumbar muscles. The site is chosen to minimize danger of hitting a nerve or blood vessel. Aqueous or oleaginous solutions or suspensions may be used with rapid effects or depot activity selected to meet the require- ments of the patient. Drugs that are irritating to subcutaneous tissue are often administered intramuscularly with volumes of 2 to 5 mL or more. When a volume of 5 mL or more is to be injected it should be in divided doses using two injections.
Ocular, Aural, and Nasal Routes of Administration
Drugs are frequently applied topically to the eye, ear, and mucus membranes of the nose. In these instances ointments, suspensions, and solutions are generally employed. They are generally not employed for systemic effects. Nasal preparations may be absorbed and a systemic effect may be seen.
Ophthalmic preparations (solutions and suspensions) are sterile aqueous preparations with other qualities essential to the safety and comfort of the patient. Ophthalmic ointments must be sterile and free from grittiness.
Nasal preparations are usually solutions or suspensions administered by drops or as a fine mist from a nasal spray container, which could include an aerosol with a metered valve.
Otic or ear preparations are usually very viscous so that they may have contact with the affected area. They can be employed to soften ear wax, relieve an earache, or combat an infection.
Drugs are frequently applied topically to the eye, ear, and mucus membranes of the nose. In these instances ointments, suspensions, and solutions are generally employed. They are generally not employed for systemic effects. Nasal preparations may be absorbed and a systemic effect may be seen.
Ophthalmic preparations (solutions and suspensions) are sterile aqueous preparations with other qualities essential to the safety and comfort of the patient. Ophthalmic ointments must be sterile and free from grittiness.
Nasal preparations are usually solutions or suspensions administered by drops or as a fine mist from a nasal spray container, which could include an aerosol with a metered valve.
Otic or ear preparations are usually very viscous so that they may have contact with the affected area. They can be employed to soften ear wax, relieve an earache, or combat an infection.